BMC Nephrology最新文献

{"title":"Urinary CXCL-10, a prognostic biomarker for kidney graft injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sahar Janfeshan, Afsoon Afshari, Ramin Yaghobi, Jamshid Roozbeh","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03728-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03728-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenges of long-term graft survival and the side effects of current immunosuppressive therapies in kidney transplantation highlight the need for improved drugs with fewer adverse effects. Biomarkers play a crucial role in quickly detecting post-transplant complications, with new biomarkers showing promise for ongoing monitoring of disease and potentially reducing the need for unnecessary invasive biopsies. The chemokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), are particularly promising protein biomarkers for acute renal rejection, with urine samples being a desirable source for biomarkers. The aim of this review is to analyze the literature on the potential role of urinary CXCL10 protein in predicting kidney graft injuries. The results of this study demonstrate that evaluating urinary CXCL10 levels is more successful in identifying post-transplant injuries compared to assessing the CXCL10/Cr ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with Q fever causing chronic endocarditis.","authors":"Martin Loyen, Thorsten Wiech, Stefan Reuter, Gerold Thölking","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03694-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03694-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is a rare entity which can be a result from autoimmune diseases, caused by various medications and infections.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We herein present the case of a 62-year-old male patient who presented with fatigue and was found to have severe anemia, impaired renal function, and nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) of the immune complex type with activation of the classical complement pathway. Further investigations led to the diagnosis of a chronic Coxiella burnetii-infection (Q fever), likely acquired during cycling trips in a region known for intensive sheep farming. Additionally, the patient was found to have a post endocarditic destructive bicuspid aortic valve caused by this pathogen. Treatment with hydroxychloroquine and doxycycline was administered for a duration of 24 months. The aortic valve was replaced successfully and the patient recovered completely.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early detection and targeted treatment of this life-threatening disease is crucial for complete recovery of the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome meta-analysis and validation to discovery of hub genes and pathways in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.","authors":"Amir Roointan, Maryam Ghaeidamini, Parvin Yavari, Azar Naimi, Yousof Gheisari, Alieh Gholaminejad","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03734-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03734-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a histologic pattern of injury in the glomerulus, is one of the leading glomerular causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Despite extensive research, the underlying biological alterations causing FSGS remain poorly understood. Studying variations in gene expression profiles offers a promising approach to gaining a comprehensive understanding of FSGS molecular pathogenicity and identifying key elements as potential therapeutic targets. This work is a meta-analysis of gene expression profiles from glomerular samples of FSGS patients. The main aims of this study are to establish a consensus list of differentially expressed genes in FSGS, validate these findings, understand the disease's pathogenicity, and identify novel therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After a thorough search in the GEO database and subsequent quality control assessments, seven gene expression datasets were selected for the meta-analysis: GSE47183 (GPL14663), GSE47183 (GPL11670), GSE99340, GSE108109, GSE121233, GSE129973, and GSE104948. The random effect size method was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (meta-DEGs), which were then used to construct a regulatory network (STRING, MiRTarBase, and TRRUST) and perform various pathway enrichment analyses. The expression levels of several meta-DEGs, specifically ADAMTS1, PF4, EGR1, and EGF, known as angiogenesis regulators, were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identified 2,898 meta-DEGs, including 665 downregulated and 669 upregulated genes, were subjected to various analyses. A co-regulatory network comprising 2,859 DEGs, 2,688 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 374 transcription factors (TFs) was constructed, and the top molecules in the network were identified based on degree centrality. Part of the pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant disruption in the angiogenesis regulatory pathways in the FSGS kidney. The RT-qPCR results confirmed an imbalance in angiogenesis pathways by demonstrating the differential expression levels of ADAMTS1 and EGR1, two key angiogenesis regulators, in the FSGS condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to presenting a consensus list of differentially expressed genes in FSGS, this meta-analysis identified significant distortions in angiogenesis-related pathways and factors in the FSGS kidney. Targeting these factors may offer a viable strategy to impede the progression of FSGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation analysis of cofilin-1 with renal prognosis in primary IgA nephropathy.","authors":"Ruo-Bei Zhao, Yuan-Shan Xu, Xiao-Hua Li, Mei-Ju Wei, Yang Deng, Xun Peng, Ling Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03723-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03723-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between podocyte related biomarker cofilin-1 and renal function, and explore the value of cofilin-1 in predicting the risk of renal adverse prognosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with primary IgAN diagnosed by initial renal biopsy performed in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2022 were included. This study was a prospective cohort study. All IgAN patients were detected the expression of cofilin-1 and other related biomarkers (RhoA, NGAL) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and follow-up at least 6 months. We also collected baseline clinicopathologial data of IgAN. The decreased renal function group was defined as baseline eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m². Logistic and Cox regression model were used to analyze the correlation among cofilin-1 and renal prognosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>133 IgAN patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.25:1 and an age of 37.67 ± 13.78 years, as well as an average of eGFR was 71.63 (40.42,109.33) ml/min/1.73m². 56 patients (42.1%) had decreased renal function at baseline, with the average of eGFR was 34.07 (16.72, 49.21) ml/min/1.73 m². 12 of which developed to renal adverse prognosis. The average of follow-up time was 22.035 ± 8.992 months. The multivariate regression analysis showed that increased urinary cofilin-1 was an independent risk factor associated with baseline renal function decline and renal adverse prognosis in IgAN patients (P < 0.05). ROC curves showed great efficacy of urinary cofilin-1 levels in diagnosing baseline renal function decline and predicting renal adverse prognosis (the area under the ROC curve was 0.708 and 0.803).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cofilin-1 as a novel biomarker of podocyte lesion is closely related to renal function decline in IgAN. Cofilin-1 has certain clinical value in predicting the risk of renal adverse prognosis. Podocyte fusion affects the renal prognosis of IgAN.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic microorganism DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing to diagnose peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.","authors":"Rui-Feng Xu, Wu-Niri Gao, Ta-la Hu, Xi-Feng Wang, Jian-Rong Zhao, Yan Meng","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03727-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03727-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, and the prevention and treatment of this condition are important for improving the long-term survival and quality of life of patients. However, peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is relatively rare and not easily diagnosed. Here, we present a case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis identified by pathogenic microbial DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing. This case demonstrates that pathogenic microbial DNA high-throughput genetic sequencing could be used to improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in patients with complex conditions, thereby allowing for earlier initiation of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage kidney disease on haemodialysis in Ethiopia: a multi-center cross-sectional study.","authors":"Rodas Temesgen Annose, Abdulsemed Mohammed Nur, Abel Zemenfes Tsige, Leja Hamza Juhar, Arsema Goytom Zegergsh","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03703-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03703-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are at increased risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Guidelines suggest that all patients with chronic kidney disease patients should be vaccinated against HBV, but these guidelines are sub-optimally implemented. Notably, there is a lack of studies in Ethiopia examining the hepatitis B vaccination status among patients with end-stage renal disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the vaccination status of hepatitis B and associated factors among people with end-stage renal disease who were on hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-center cross-sectional observational study was conducted in six randomly selected dialysis centers in Ethiopia, from May 2023 to September 2023. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with vaccination status. A person is considered to be vaccinated against hepatitis B if he/ she has taken at least one dose of HBV. Vaccination status was determined by patient's recall and verification from medical record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 16% of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (16.6%; with CI = 12.18, 21.83), of which 30% had received one dose, 57.5% had two doses, 12.5% had three doses, and only five had a booster dose. Post-secondary education (AOR = 5.47; 95% CI = 1.41, 21.2; P < 0.014) and dialysis for more than three years (AOR = 19.75; 95% CI = 4.06, 96.1; P < 0.001) were significant factors associated with having received hepatitis B vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Only a small minority of Ethiopian hemodialysis patients have received hepatitis B vaccination. The level of education of patients and the duration of time on dialysis were significant associated factors that affected the vaccination status of patients with end-stage renal disease. So, strong intervention is needed according to the identified factors to raise the vaccination status of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11373491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare skin color changes in an acute pancreatitis patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.","authors":"Zhen Wang, Lei Zhang, Jinghan Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03738-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03738-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin conditions are common in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and those with pancreatitis. However, there is a lack of research on dermatological issues in patients who have both hemodialysis and pancreatitis concurrently.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 62-year-old male patient with a 4-year history of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) presented with pain and was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis and gallbladder stones. Markedly elevated blood amylase, creatine kinase, and myoglobin were noted, alongside a purplish-red skin discoloration. Treatment included inhibition of digestive fluid secretion, anti-infection measures, blood purification, fasting, rehydration, and symptomatic care. Notably, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) combined with hemoperfusion (HP) was employed. The patient's dialysis effluent initially appeared red. Upon examination of the patient's peripheral blood smear, red blood cell debris was not observed. The dialysis effluent (on Day 0) was analyzed, revealing no hemoglobin (0 g/L) but an elevated myoglobin concentration of 80.4 U/L. After the therapeutic intervention, the indicators, including the blood amylase, C-reactive protein, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, and myoglobin were improved. The patient experienced resolution of sternal and upper abdominal pain within two days. After four consecutive days of CRRT and HP treatment, the skin color returned to normal, alongside improved clarity of the dialysis effluent. Subsequently, the patient's method of blood purification was reverted to conventional hemodialysis. On the eighth day of hospitalization, the patient resumed normal diet and was discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the case of the current patient with acute pancreatitis undergoing MHD, it is noteworthy to report the observation of a unique purplish-red skin discoloration. This phenomenon may be attributable to inflammation resulting from acute pancreatitis, and the retention of myoglobin within the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global forecasting of chronic kidney disease mortality rates and numbers with the generalized additive model.","authors":"Fatemeh Shahbazi, Amin Doosti-Irani, Alireza Soltanian, Jalal Poorolajal","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03720-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03720-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem worldwide; therefore, forecasting CKD mortality rates and death numbers globally is vital for planning CKD prevention programs. This study aimed to characterize the temporal trends in CKD mortality at the international level from 1990 to 2019 and predict CKD mortality rates and numbers until 2030.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. A joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change in CKD mortality rates and numbers. Finally, we used a generalized additive model to predict CKD mortality through 2030.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of CKD-related deaths worldwide increased from 591.80 thousand in 1990 to 1425.67 thousand in 2019. The CKD age-adjusted mortality rate increased from 15.95 per 100,000 people to 18.35 per 100,000 people during the same period. Between 2020 and 2030, the number of CKD deaths is forecasted to increase further to 1812.85 thousand by 2030. The CKD age-adjusted mortality rate is expected to decrease slightly to 17.76 per 100,000 people (95% credible interval (CrI): 13.84 to 21.68). Globally, it is predicted that in the next decade, the CKD mortality rate will decrease in men, women, all subgroups of disease etiology except glomerulonephritis, people younger than 40 years old, and all groupings of countries based on the sociodemographic index (SDI) except high-middle-SDI countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CKD mortality rate is predicted to decrease in the next decade. However, more attention should be given to people with glomerulonephritis, people over 40 years old, and people in high- to middle-income countries because the mortality rate due to CKD in these subgroups is expected to increase until 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11370028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glomerulonephritis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: scoping review.","authors":"Adam Forster, Natasha Sabur, Ali Iqbal, Stephen Vaughan, Benjamin Thomson","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03716-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12882-024-03716-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>People with Tuberculosis (TB) infection may present with glomerulonephritis (GN). The range of presentations, renal pathologies, and clinical outcomes are uncertain. Whether clinical features that establish if GN etiology is medication or TB related, and possible benefits of immunosuppression remain uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was completed, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Conference Abstracts from Inception to December, 2023. The study population included patients with TB infection who developed GN and underwent renal biopsy. All data regarding presentation, patient characteristics, renal pathology, management of TB and GN, and outcomes were summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 62 studies identified, with 130 patients. These cases included a spectrum of presentations including acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome and hypertension, and a range of 10 different renal pathology diagnoses. Cases that included immunosuppression and outcomes ranged from complete remission to long-term dialysis dependence. The presence of granulomas (4/4, 100%), anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (3/3, 100%), amyloidosis (75/76, 98.7%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2/2, 100%) were specific for GN being TB-infection related. On the other hand, minimal change disease was specific for anti-TB therapy related (7/7, 100%). While patients with more aggressive forms of GN commonly were prescribed immunosuppression, this study was unable to confirm efficacy. Only rifampin or isoniazid were implicated in drug-associated GN.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides a clear rationale for renal biopsy in patients with TB and GN, and outlines predictors for the GN etiology. Thus, this study establishes key criteria to optimize diagnosis and management of patients with TB and GN.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte disorders related emergencies in children.","authors":"Jakub Zieg, Shaarav Ghose, Rupesh Raina","doi":"10.1186/s12882-024-03725-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03725-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a comprehensive overview of electrolyte and water homeostasis in pediatric patients, focusing on some of the common serum electrolyte abnormalities encountered in clinical practice. Understanding pathophysiology, taking a detailed history, performing comprehensive physical examinations, and ordering basic laboratory investigations are essential for the timely proper management of these conditions. We will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for each electrolyte disorder. This article aims to enhance the clinical approach to pediatric patients with electrolyte imbalance-related emergencies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.Trial registration This manuscript does not include a clinical trial; instead, it provides an updated review of literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":9089,"journal":{"name":"BMC Nephrology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}