Integrative cancer science and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Cancer care professionals should pay more attention to the sexual aspects of cancer in men with a non-mainstream sexual orientation","authors":"W. Gianotten, H. Aars","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000286","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer and its treatment are known to be associated with much collateral damage in the areas of sexuality and intimacy. Since nature doesn’t discriminate, cancer happens also to gay and bisexual men. In men who have sex with men (MSM) cancer treatment can cause serious sexual impairments that are unknown to the average heterosexual health care provider (HCP). Because insufficient appropriate knowledge impairs good cancer care, this article will address relevant aspects of sexual lifestyle, relationships and sexual behavior of MSM and the typical areas where cancer treatment tends to damage. After prostate cancer treatment there is no more ejaculate, a very important part in the average MSM sexual play. Radical prostatectomy causes climacturia (urine loss during orgasm) in a substantial amount of men. This is a real killjoy for oral sex, which is in MSM the most common way to have sex. Prostate cancer and anorectal cancer treatment damage the possibilities for prostate orgasm, an intense variety of orgasm, common in many MSM. Anorectal cancer treatment can impair the possibilities for various ways of anal sex, especially in the ‘bottom man’ (the receptive partner). Cancer treatments that impair erection tend to damage more in MSM, not only because erections are in their sexual encounters very relevant for sexual identity, but also because one needs for anal penetration a firmer erection than for vaginal penetration. This review will successively deal with the prevalence of MSM; with relevant aspects of MSM sexuality and MSM lifestyle; with different cancer prevalence in MSM; with consequences of cancer treatment that are typical for the sexuality of MSM; and finally with some aspects of optimal care in MSM with cancer. The aim of the information in this article is both to improve the communication with MSM, and to improve the oncological care for MSM and their partners. *Correspondence to: Woet L Gianotten, MD, Psychotherapist, Emeritus Senior Lecturer in Medical Sexology, Consultant in Oncosexology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands, E-mail: woetgia@ziggo.nl","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cervical cancer.","authors":"Ozlen Saglam, Jose Conejo-Garcia","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000272","DOIUrl":"10.15761/ICST.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Programmed cell death-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockage has become an important treatment modality after approval of pembrolizumab and nivolumab by Food and Drug Administration in advanced cancers. Patients with metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer have limited treatment options and usually receive palliative platinum-based chemotherapy without significant survival benefit. Recent studies provided support for usage of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cervical cancer. Around 35% of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (C-SCC) and 17% of adenocarcinomas expressed PD-L1. Human Papilloma Virus status was also correlated with PD-L1 expression. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells was higher in cervical cancer in comparison to endometrial and ovarian adenocarcinomas. In C-SCC diffuse PD-L1 expression as compared to marginal PD-L1 expression on the interface between tumor and stroma was a risk factor for poor disease-free and disease-specific survival rates. Higher numbers of infiltrating regulatory T cells in PD-L1 positive tumors was associated with better prognosis. The studies performed on other cancer types revealed PD-L1 tumor heterogeneity and transient marker expression. Drug-resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors is also a potential problem. Currently Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating effects of PD-1 therapy are in progress for cervical carcinoma. Additional studies are required to develop novel biomarkers and for standard evaluation of PD-L1 testing in order to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in all cancer types including cervical carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016855/pdf/nihms967181.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36267439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of PTH in mouse skin tumorigenesis","authors":"K. Okumura, Megumi Saito, Y. Wakabayshi","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Received: March 15, 2018; Accepted: April 03, 2018; Published: April 06, 2018 Vitamin D and calcium are known to regulate differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes; they may potentially have roles in suppressing carcinogenesis in squamous epithelium [1]. Indeed, the importance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation was verified when the skin of mice lacking the VDR was reported to be susceptible to tumor formation [1]. In addition, knockout of the calcium sensing receptor in addition to VDR accelerated the development of skin tumors [2]. However, the role of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in tumorigenesis is yet to be elucidated. PTH is a classical endocrine hormone that was first identified more than 80 years ago as a key regulator of blood calcium levels [3]. Serum PTH is a sensitive indicator of calcium and vitamin D deficiency.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversy regarding the functional conservation of cereblon CUL4-type E3 ligase substrate receptor","authors":"A. Akuffo, A. Alontaga, H. Lawrence, N. Lawrence, P. Epling-Burnette","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA 2Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA 3Chemical Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA 4Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South, Tampa, FL, USA 5Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of chip-based PCR for 3D absolute digital quantification of microRNAs molecules for the non-invasive diagnostic screening of human colon cancer in stool","authors":"F. Ahmed","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000274","url":null,"abstract":"Received: April 07, 2018; Accepted: April 24, 2018; Published: April 27, 2018 There is no validated approach to screen for colon cancer (CC) quantitativley on the marke, using molecular sensitive approach today, because of the complexity of fecal density, vulnerability of stool to daily changes, and the presence of three sources of miRNAs in stool (cell-free from fecal homogenates, exsosomal miRNAs from fecal exosomes, and fecal colonocytes). To address these obstacles for developing a sensitive, economical and a non-invasive molecular colon cancer screening test, we have first carried out a microarray miRNA qualitative study, using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 2.0 Arrays, on immunocaptured and eniched stool colonocytes of 15 subjects [three healthy controls and twelve colon cancer patients [three TNM stage 0-1 (e.g., polyps ≥ 1 cm, villous or tubvillous, or with high grade dysplasia), three stage 2, three stage 3, and three stage 4] in triplicates to select a smaller panel of 14 preferentially expressed mature miRNAs associated with colon cancer (12 Up-Regulated, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-31, miR34a, miR-96, miR-106a, miR-133a, miR-135b, miR-206, miR-224 and miR-302; and 2 Down-Regulated, miR-143 and miR-145). This was followed by an absolute quantitative digital PCR on these stool samples from the same stool samples. In which total small RNA extracted by immunocapture, followed by RT that employed TaqMan® miRNA Reverse Transcription (RT) Kit and a Custom TaqMan RT Primer Pool, and absolute quantification of miRNAs, in copies/μl, which was measured using a chip-based Absolute QuantStudio 3D Digital PCR analysis, to validate microarray results. To guarentee that we have used human and not bacterial small total RNA, we have carried out coextraction protocols with E. coli K1 strain RS18, compared Agilent electrophoretic patterns, and also sequenced random samples, using mRNA/miRNA sequencing.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale for the design of a novel tool for immunotherapy based on an emulsion of glycosaminoglycan","authors":"M. Ruggiero, S. Pacini","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000285","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we describe the rationale behind the design of an innovative immunotherapeutic tool designated imunoTM that is an emulsion of microbial, lowmolecular-weight chondroitin sulfate non-covalently bound to pure phosphatidylcholine with vitamin D3 intercalated in the ensuing multi-molecular structure. The rationale for this design derives from the decade-old observation that chondroitin sulfate is the active principle responsible for the immune-stimulatory, anti-cancer properties of cartilage extracts and from the more recent observation that a known immunotherapeutic compound, the Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF), works as an adjuvant similar, in principle, to the incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. From these premises, we designed an innovative tool that uses an ultrapure, low-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate, thus overcoming all limitations associated with blood-derived or animal-derived non-ultrapure extracts, at the same time guaranteeing constant sulfation profile and charge density. This novel form of chondroitin sulfate is non-covalently bound to pure phosphatidylcholine in a self-assembly manner that is coherent with the principles of negentropy. Vitamin D3 is then intercalated in this structure that resembles protocells made of a phosphatidylcholine bilayer. Such an association reduces the main side effect of vitamin D3 that is the induction of hypercalcemia, at the same time maximizing its immunotherapeutic potential. In addition, we describe the mechanism of action of this immunotherapeutic tool with particular reference to stimulation of innate immunity through a mechanism shared by adjuvants such as Freund’s adjuvant. Finally, we describe an example of a transdermal delivery system and we discuss possible applications. *Correspondence to: Marco Ruggiero, Silver Spring Sagl, Via Raimondo Rossi 24, Arzo-Mendrisio 6864, Switzerland, Tel: +41 79 230 9283, E-mail: marco.drruggiero@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress of novel compounds with anticancer activity","authors":"Jianping Yong, Mingxue Yang, Canzhong Lu, Xiaoyuan Wu","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"Received: March 05, 2018; Accepted: March 30, 2018; Published: April 03, 2018 Cancer is one of the major causes of human death worldwide. The death caused by cancer mainly is lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, carcinoma of colon and rectum. It is estimated that about 1,688,780 new cancer cases will be diagnosed in the United States in 2017 and 600,920 cancer cases are expected to die, which is about 1,650 people per day. For all sites combined, the cancer incidence rate is 20% higher in men than in women, while the cancer death rate is 40% higher [1]. It has been reported that 4,292,000 new cancer cases and 2,814,000 cancer deaths occurred in 2015 in China, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death [2].","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubilization and penetration enhancement of water-soluble and amphiphilic phospholipid polymer aggregate for poorly soluble drugs","authors":"T. Konno, K. Ishihara","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67474778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Lon protease-unique structure and essential function in mammalian cells","authors":"E. Kutejova","doi":"10.15761/ICST.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ICST.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"Lon protease belongs to the family of ATP dependent proteases. The Lon protease was first characterized by Prof. Alfred Goldberg in E. coli in 1981 [1]. Since then, it has been found in almost all living cells except some parasites like Trypanosoma brucei. In eukaryotes Lon is localized mainly in mitochondria, however peroxisomes as well as chloroplasts have their own Lon proteases. Although several eukaryotes can exist without Lon protease, for mammals it is an essential enzyme whose dysfunction has been identified in a number of diseases. Downregulation of this key mitochondrial component was observed in association with aging. Lon protease plays an important role also in malignant transformation that requires the adaptation to new sources of energy and is connected to hypoxia. This is the reason why Lon is highly expressed in aggressive tumors [2].","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GY II represses proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Yunfei Bai, Ru Wang, X. Cui, Ling Feng, Q. Shi, Hongzhi Ma, M. Lian, X. Shen, Yifan Yang, Chen Tan, Jugao Fang","doi":"10.15761/icst.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/icst.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been considered to provide certain advantages in the treatment of cancer. Guben Yiliu II (GY II) has been widely used for clinical treatment of cancer in China. The current study investigated the effects of GY II on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via MTT assays, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry, respectively, in Hep-2 and cells from clinical samples. Results of MTT assays revealed that GY II inhibited the growth of cells via arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The addition of GY II significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion. Additionally, GY II treatment significantly promoted apoptosis of tumor cells. Present findings have significant implications regarding the understanding of mechanisms and targets of GY II in terms of tumors.","PeriodicalId":90850,"journal":{"name":"Integrative cancer science and therapeutics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67475266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}