Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)最新文献

{"title":"Osseointegration of Dental Implants and Osteoporosis","authors":"Sara Gibreel, Hasaan G Mohamed, Amartya Raj Suraj, S. Anil","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.100270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100270","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis also results in loss of bone mineral density throughout the body, including the maxilla and mandible. Successful osseointegration of dental implants is attributed to their ability to integrate well with bone. The influence of bone quality on dental implant osseointegration has been discussed in several studies, and higher rates of dental implant failure have been reported in patients with low bone quality and an inadequate bone volume. Osteoporosis represents a risk factor for osseointegration, and this relationship may be derived from the association of the disease with a deficiency in bone formation. This condition would compromise the healing capacity and the apposition of bone at the implant interface. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding dental implant treatment in osteoporotic individuals. Studies have revealed contradictory reports regarding the success and failure of dental implants in patients with osteoporosis. Antiresorptive agents have been widely used to treat osteoporosis. Dental implant placement in patients on bisphosphonate therapy may trigger osteonecrosis of the bone. Hence, it is important to analyze factors that have to be taken into consideration prior to implant therapy in patients with osteoporosis and those undergoing treatment. This chapter outlines dental implant osseointegration under osteoporotic conditions. The possible effect of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant survival will also be discussed based on the current literature.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47944409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Implant Surface Design and Their Decontamination Methods in Peri-Implantitis Treatment","authors":"Dragana Rakašević, D. Gabrić","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99753","url":null,"abstract":"Different titanium implant surfaces are prone to microbial colonization and dental plaque accumulation contributing to peri-implantitis pathogens adherence and growth. In conjunction with systemic, local, and implant-based factors such as micro- and macro-designs, implant location, and region, these pathogens can cause a complex inflammatory response resulting in peri-implantitis and deleterious bone loss. Implant surface decontamination plays a crucial and important step in peri-implantitis therapy. The primary goal of implant surface decontamination is to eradicate bacteria and their products outside of implant pits and grooves reducing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and/or reparation. Various implant surface decontamination methods such as mechanical, chemical or physical methods have been proposed to prevent bacterial resistance development or/and surface damage. The chapter aimed to assess if implant microdesign could influence the decontamination method choice.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics and Periodontal Disease: An Explicit Insight","authors":"S. G. Umesh, Lakshmi Ramachandran, J. Karthikeyan, A. Mani","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99266","url":null,"abstract":"A branch of Biology which deals with the science of hereditary influences on living organisms is termed as Genetics. There has been a broad study related to hereditary influence on human tissue linking to health and disease conditions. A vital role is played by genetics in the proper functioning, adaptive repair, regeneration and remodelling of hard and soft tissue. A major segment of genes are related to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease, being multifactorial in origin is directly or indirectly known to be caused by genetic factors also. A study on human and animals validates the concept that genetics could have influenced periodontal disorders and also plays a key role in the predisposition and progressiveness of the condition. The role played by genetics to damage the inflammatory and immune response system of the host tissues during periodontal conditions has been proved and this section will give a clear insight on the influence of genetics in this condition.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46644938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Periodontics","authors":"Subash Chandra Raj, Shaheda Tabassum, Annuroopa Mahapatra, K. Patnaik","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.99265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99265","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence based periodontics has made us understand that most of the patients having various dental or medical treatment requirements require multidisciplinary approach rather than personalised periodontal approach. Periodontal disease may be evident in the periodontal tissue but its onset and progression could be affected by systemic condition also. The intercommunication and liaison between periodontics and endodontics, fixed prosthodontics, implant dentistry, Orthodontics, oral pathology, Aesthetic dentistry, oral & maxillofacial surgery, Paediatric dentistry, gerodontology, radiology, special needs dentistry and general medicine needs to be discussed . Increasing life expectancy, higher quality of Biomaterials used in dentistry and rapid evolution of clinical procedures has led to more demanding patient requests & more complicated treatment choices. It requires holistic management. In this chapter we have made a conscious effort to touch upon various fields of medical science and its relation to periodontics, by which we wish to create a healthy referral protocol, benefiting the general population.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49169783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic-Periodontics: An Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"S. Kishore, Vanita Barai, S. Siva, K. Venkatesan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.98627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98627","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal pathogenesis is a multi-factorial process and the orthodontist must recognize the clinical forms of inflammatory periodontal disease. Orthodontics is the most conservative and predictable treatment to improve numerous local etiological factors that contribute to periodontal disease including periodontal breakdown. Proper occlusal function and masticatory function are stimulatory to the gingival tissue and the attachment apparatus, while, conversely, a lack of function predisposes to disease that increases plaque retention and calculus formation along with gingival inflammation leading to increased loss of bony support. No matter how talented the orthodontist, a magnificent orthodontic correction can be destroyed by failure to recognize periodontal susceptibility. Therefore, identifying periodontally susceptible patients is critical for the outcome of the treatment. This chapter will highlight the importance of the short-term and long-term outcomes of orthodontic treatment, which are influenced by the patient’s periodontal status before, during and after active orthodontic therapy.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48950991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of the Medically Compromised Patient","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/9781119596455.ch8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119596455.ch8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"457 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/9781119596455.ch8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50775689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periodontology - Fundamentals and Clinical Features [Working Title]","authors":"","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71003221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views of Students of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Dental School on Dentistry as a Career","authors":"Alex, er O Acheampong, M. N. Nartey, P. Ampofo, R. Larmie, N. Gyimah, J. Amoateng, Francis Adu Ababio, P. Donkor","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000536","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Career choice is a critical decision that has an obvious impact on the future life pattern of an individual. Understanding the priorities and socio-demographic background of students choosing dentistry is essential because economic factors may influence an individual's level of commitment to the profession. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that influenced the current group of dental students to accept to pursue Dentistry as an undergraduate programme from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) dental school. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of KNUST dental students carried out from January to March 2017. The complete student population was 215 which included 25 foreign students and thus there was no sampling. A structured Google form questionnaire was designed and submitted to students through their respective class representatives. The data collected included reasons for their choice of the program of Dentistry and the factors that influenced their decision. Results: A total of 160 responded out of the total student's population of 215. This represented 74.4% of the total student population. The average age was 23.4 years. And the male to female ratio was 1:1.3. 75% of the respondents had been to a dental clinic before. 51 (31.9%) chose dentistry as their first choice. About 23% of the students reported they ended up in dentistry due to their non-acceptance into the medical school. 20% of the students said that they had no prior knowledge of dentistry and 50% of the students indicated that Dentistry was not their first option because there was no government financial sponsorship for students opting for dentistry at the KNUST dental school as compared to the Medical program. Conclusion: Dentistry was not the preferred program choice among dental students from KNUST. Majority of them ended up in Dentistry because of their non-admission into Medical school. Only 31.9% chose dentistry as their first preference. The majority who chose it as their first choice had had previous positive encounters with dental surgeons. Other students made the decision based on advice from relatives or due to their belief that the profession was lucrative or had flexible working hours.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70613435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Periodontal and Hematological Findings in Diabetes Patients- A Case Control Study","authors":"Paavai Ilango, Ayswarya V Vummidi, V. Suresh, V. Chandran, V. Bharathy, G. Yogesh, Arulpari Mahalingam, A. Rajamani, V. Reddy","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000535","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by bacterial pathogens and modified by various risk factors. Various studies have elucidated the converse side of the relationship between systemic health and oral health proving the adverse effect of systemic health on periodontal disease and vice-versa. Amongst all, a strong correlation has been shown between periodontal disease and diabetes, revealing that periodontitis is a proven sixth complication for diabetes. There is an emerging evidence to support the existence of a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis, with diabetes increasing the risk for periodontitis and its inflammation affecting the glycemic control. Method: The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate the periodontal and hematological manifestations in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The sample size was estimated as n=264 with n=132 in each group. 2.5 ml of blood was withdrawn from each of the patient for hematolgical evaluation: HbA1c values, Hb%, RBC count, the differential count and total leukocyte count. Periodontal evaluations were assessed by probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and Russell’s periodontal score. Results: There was statistically significant (p=0.000) difference in the diabetic group than the control group with respect to smoking, alcohol consumption, Hb%, HbA1c levels, differential counts, total leukocyte count, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and Russell’s periodontal score. RBC count and gender revealed no significance. Conclusion: There was an higher periodontal manifestations corresponding to the altered haematological findings in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients with higher prevalence in smokers and alcohol consumers.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70613352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Wise Association between Dental Malocclusion Classes and ABO Blood Group System","authors":"Bushra Tariq, K. Habib, S. Riaz, M. Ilyas","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000532","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malocclusion shares the third highest prevalence among oral pathologies, second to tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Objectives: In general, many studies have been conducted to find out the association between blood groups and oral and dental pathologies, for instance, some have succeeded; others have not due to the geographic diversity. So the study aimed to explore the relationship of ABO blood groups with classes of malocclusion and relative prevalence of these characters in males and females of a defined population. Method: The current study was performed on 500 individuals with an age range of 15 to 45 years, along with permanent dentition only, reporting to the department of orthodontics of Punjab dental hospital, Lahore. Complete details about the classes of malocclusion and blood group of the subjects were noted in accordance with the ABO blood group system. The sample was divided into three groups, i.e., Class I, Class II, and Class III. Data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 21.0. Pearson Chi-square was used as statistical analysis to get the association of classes of malocclusion with blood group type. Result: A significant difference between the prevalence of classes of dental malocclusion in relation to blood group types was found among both genders. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was gender wise association difference between the classes of dental malocclusion and blood group types. The study also covered the gender wise prevalence of dental malocclusion in all the four blood groups which are A, B, AB and O. The new findings will be helpful for clinicians with regards to preventive orthodontics. The research findings are a good and informative addition to the present literature as well as provides a ground for further research studies in the same area.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70613490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}