Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)最新文献

{"title":"Effects of a Novel Mouthwash on Dental Remineralization.","authors":"Janet Ajdaharian,&nbsp;Thair Takesh,&nbsp;Afarin Anbarani,&nbsp;Jessica Ho,&nbsp;Petra Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study was to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> effects of a novel mouthwash on enamel remineralization.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ten healthy volunteers wore removable intra-oral appliances for three study arms with duration of 5 days each. In 1 study arm, subjects used Oral Essentials Sensitivity Formula^R mouthwash; in another arm they used Sensodyne^R mouthwash, and in the third arm they used no mouthwash at all. Sequence of mouthwash use was randomized, and study participants and researchers were blinded throughout the study. Subjects used Crest Total Care^R toothpaste throughout the study. During a one week washout period before study begin and between each study arm, subjects also used Crest Total Care^R toothpaste. A total of 300 enamel samples were included in this study, 150 served as baseline controls, and 150 as test samples subjected to demineralization prior to intra-oral wear. At the end of each study arm, enamel chips were removed from the appliance and underwent standard Microhardness (Knoop) measurements, as did the control samples. Enamel microhardness in the test vs the 2 control groups was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey's test to test for differences in remineralization between the 3 treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both mouthwashes demonstrated similar levels of recovery from demineralization as the \"no mouthwash\" arm of the study, with no significant differences for all groupings and comparisons (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel mouthwash for sensitive teeth supports enamel recovery from demineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1122.1000432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DSP-PP C-Terminal Conservation Is Crucial for Accurate DSP-PP Precursor Cleavage.","authors":"Ko-Chien Wu, H. Ritchie","doi":"10.29011/2574-7347.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2574-7347.100042","url":null,"abstract":"Dentin Sialoprotein (DSP) and Phosphophoryn (PP), acidic proteins critical to dentin mineralization, are translated from a single transcript as a DSP-PP precursor that undergoes proteolytic processing to generate DSP and PP. Because of the difficulty in obtaining large amounts of DSP-PP, we used a Sf9-baculovirus expression system to yield large amounts of DSP-PP240 recombinant protein, a variant form of rat DSP-PP. Previous evidence stated that DSP-PP240 produced by baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells can be cleaved accurately into DSP and PP by the endogenous processing enzyme Sf9 Tolloid-Related 1 (TLR1), a homolog for human Bone Morphogenic Protein 1 (BMP1) and the proposed protease to cleave DSP-PP in human. It was also discovered via mass spectrometric analysis that the specific cleavage occurred at the site: SMQG447|D448DPN. In addition, we reported that any mutations within the DSP-PP P4 to P4'cleavage site can block, impair or accelerate DSP-PP cleavage, which suggest that its BMP1 cleavage site is highly conserved to regulate its cleavage efficiency. Furthermore, mutations outside of the DSP-PP P4 to P4' cleavage site can impair or accelerate DSP-PP cleavage. Here, we investigate the role of the highly conserved DSPP C-terminal region in DSP-PP cleavage. We generated a DSP-PP C-terminal mutation by substituting the terminal two aspartate residues for two histamine residues (DD/HH-DSP-PP). To test the impact of the DD/HH mutant on DSP-PP cleavage, we used the Sf9 expression system's endogenous TLR1 and exogenous recombinant BMP1. The DD/HH mutation was shown to block DD/HH-DSP-PP cleavage into DSP and PP by both TLR1 and BMP1 in vitro. Taken together, these evidence supports our hypothesis that the C-terminal peptides D686D687 actively participates in controlling DSP-PP cleavage and that C-terminal conservation is critical for proper DSP-PP precursor cleavage by TLR1 and BMP1.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"2 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69454453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plaque Removal and Gingival Health after Use of a Novel Dental Gel: A Clinical Study.","authors":"Anuradha Nayudu,&nbsp;Tracie Lam,&nbsp;Jessica Ho,&nbsp;Ali Forghany,&nbsp;Thinh Vu,&nbsp;William Ngo,&nbsp;Janet Ajdaharian,&nbsp;Petra Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Goal of this <i>in vivo</i> prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded, cross over study was to compare the level of plaque control and gingivitis after use of a novel dental gel (test) vs. A Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (control).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After coronal polishing, 22 subjects with moderate gingivitis were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with test or control dentifrice for the first study Arm. Plaque, gingival and sulcus bleeding indices were recorded at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Professional coronal polishing was repeated, and then subjects brushed with the second dentifrice for 4 weeks. Clinical indices were again recorded at Baseline, week 2 and week 4. The effects of each dentifrice on clinical indices were compared using Student's t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brushing with the test gel produced significantly greater levels of plaque reduction versus the Triclosan/copolymer control dentifrice at each time point. 45% less plaque was measured after 4 weeks of test agent use than after control agent use (p<0.000000005). A significant reduction in gingival inflammation from test vs control agent over w4 weeks was also observed (p=0.000342).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An activated edathamil dental gel formulation provides effective plaque control and reduced gingival inflammation compared to a Triclosan/Co-polymer dental gel. Practical Implications: A novel dental gel formulation that does not contain abrasives, detergents or antimicrobials may provide effective plaque control and support gingival health.</p>","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1122.1000396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34806442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Novel Dental Gel on Enamel Surface Recovery from Acid Challenge.","authors":"Tracie Lam, Jessica Ho, Afarin Golabgir Anbarani, Lih-Huei Liaw, Thair Takesh, Petra Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000397","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Objective was to evaluate the <i>in vivo</i> effects of a novel dental gel (Livionex gel^R) vs. a comparison dental gel on the surfaces of pre-eroded enamel chips.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On days 1-5, after toothbrushing with dentifrice, nine subjects each wore 8 enamel chips mounted on a palatal appliance for 4 h. Enamel blocks were pre-demineralized daily. After 2 day washout, subjects repeated the protocol using fresh chips and the second toothpaste on days 8-12. Samples were evaluated using electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten standardized enamel surface photomicrographs/sample (total 1440 images) were evaluated for signs of erosion visually and on a scale of 0-3 by 1 evaluator. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups (p>0.32, 95% C.I.). Minimal surface erosion on approx. 15% of sample area was visible in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The enamel surface appeared similar after usage of a test or control dentifrice. Based on this study, the test formulation did not affect enamel surface recovery from an erosive challenge.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>Dentifrices can contribute to maintaining a healthy enamel surface. An all-natural dental gel formulation with novel anti-plaque mechanism achieved similar recovery from acid challenge to enamel as a control gel.</p>","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5364811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34857393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Mechanisms of Biofilm Removal.","authors":"Karan Sahni,&nbsp;Fatemeh Khashai,&nbsp;Ali Forghany,&nbsp;Tatiana Krasieva,&nbsp;Petra Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel anti-plaque formulation on oral biofilm removal. Specific aim was to elucidate the role of 2 potentially complementary mechanisms on dental biofilm removal using EPIEN Dental Debriding Solution (EDDS) like desiccating action leading to denaturation and destabilization of plaque and mechanical removal of destabilized plaque through forceful rinsing action.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>25 extracted teeth, after routine debriding and cleaning, underwent standard biofilm incubation model over 4 days. Then samples were randomly divided into 5 groups of 5 teeth each, treated and stained with GUM^®Red-Cote^® plaque disclosing solution and imaged. Samples were subsequently treated with HYBENX^® Oral Decontaminant. Group 1 samples were treated with a standardized \"static\" water dip exposure following biofilm incubation. Samples in Group 2 were given a standardized \"dynamic\" exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe for 20 s. Group 3 samples were exposed to a standardized \"static\" application of test agent (30 s dip rinse) followed by a standardized \"static\" water rinse (30 s dip rinse). Samples in Group 4 were given both the standardized \"static\" application of test formulation followed by the standardized \"dynamic\" exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe. Finally, samples in Group 5 were treated with a standardized \"dynamic\" application of test agent (20 s high pressure syringe at 10 ml/s) followed by the standardized \"dynamic\" exposure to a dental high pressure air/water syringe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MPM images demonstrated that the water dip treatment resulted in the persistence of an almost continuous thick layer of biofilm coverage on the tooth surface. Similarly, test agent dip treatment followed by water dip only removed a few patches of biofilm, with the majority of the tooth surface remaining covered by an otherwise continuous layer of biofilm. Samples exposed to air/water spray alone showed some disruption of the biofilm, leaving residual patches of biofilm that varied considerably in size. Test agent dip treatment followed by air/water spray broke up the continuous layer of biofilm leaving only very small, thin scattered islands of biofilm. Finally, the dynamic test agent spray followed by air/water spray removed the biofilm almost entirely, with evidence of only very few small, thin residual biofilm islands.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These studies demonstrate that test agent desiccant effect alone causes some disruption of dental biofilm. Additional dynamic rinsing is needed to achieve complete removal of dental biofilm.</p>","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1122.1000371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34556915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Novel Dental Gel on Plaque and Gingivitis: A Comparative Study.","authors":"M Dadkhah,&nbsp;N E Chung,&nbsp;J Ajdaharian,&nbsp;C Wink,&nbsp;P Klokkevold,&nbsp;P Wilder-Smith","doi":"10.4172/2161-1122.1000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.1000239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The goal of this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dental gel on plaque and gingival health. The dental gel was designed to (1) break up and prevent re-accumulation of microbial biofilm, and (2) inhibit metal mediated inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-five subjects with moderate gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness Gingival Index ≥2) and pocket depths <4 were randomly assigned to brush twice daily for 21 days with the test or the control dental gel. On Days 0, 7, 14 and 21, plaque levels (Quigley-Hein, Turesky Modification Plaque Index), gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness Gingival Index) and gingival bleeding (modified Sulcus Bleeding Index) were determined by one blinded, investigator using a pressure sensitive probe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 3 weeks, all 3 clinical indices were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) and significantly lower in the test group (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel dental gel formulation was provided effective plaque control and reduced gingival inflammation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A novel dentifrice formulation may be an effective tool for plaque removal and maintaining gingival health.</p>","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-1122.1000239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33248922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abortion: a tangle of rights.","authors":"L. Curtin","doi":"10.1097/00006247-199302000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199302000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Management of abortion personnel within a hospital setting involves a number of rights: the patients rights to privacy and to the provision of competent compassionate and understanding nursing care; the right of nurses to refrain from abortion procedures due to conscience; and the right of hospitals to hire employees who will fulfill their contractual obligations. The US Supreme Court has held that the decision to abort is protected under the right to privacy; no one may interfere with a womans decision. Public institutions do not have an obligation to fund abortion. If the Court had made abortion a right then society would be obliged to provide abortion. The discussion of abortion rights focuses on the following topics: the legal duties of health professionals the legal and moral rights and obligations of nurses the legal rights and obligations of hospitals and the rights of abortion patients. A case study is provided of a head nurse and staff in the gynecology ward of a large metropolitan hospital in 1974 who objected to the performance of saline abortion on the ward to disposing of the fetuses and to the validity of patients consent. Their concern was for the health and safety of patients and the rights of patients to informed consent. The hospital did not have a right to force the nurses to comply with the directive on saline abortion procedures because the hospital did not have the right to violate the conscience of an individual citizen. In another example of a transfer of a nurse to another area of the hospital the hospital was exercising its prerogative to expect fulfillment of contractual obligations in a way that did not interfere with health care workers objections to abortion. Roe v. Wade and Doe v. Bolton were the 2 cases that established the existence of institutional conscience. Health care workers have an obligation to inform hospitals in writing if they have objections to participation in abortion procedures. Nurses have an obligation to respect the legal right to privacy in making or carrying out an abortion decision and to provide competent nursing care to all who receive their services. Nurses should not make judgments about their approval or disapproval of abortion or the patients reasons for abortion. Patients have a right to be protected from emotional and physical harm from objecting nurses; nurses may withdraw their services only if there are other qualified professionals available to provide care.","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"43 1","pages":"26, 28, 30-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00006247-199302000-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61776279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facts about AIDS.","authors":"J. Coyne","doi":"10.1037/e437122008-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/e437122008-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90816,"journal":{"name":"Dentistry (Sunnyvale, Calif.)","volume":"12 1 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57765544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}