Biomedicine Hub最新文献

{"title":"Hypernatremia in Newborns: A Practical Approach to Management.","authors":"Naveed Ur Rehman Durrani,&nbsp;Abubakr A Imam,&nbsp;Naharmal Soni","doi":"10.1159/000524637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000524637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypernatremia is a potentially serious condition in both term and preterm babies, which can lead to severe and permanent neurological damage. There are many physiological changes in sodium homeostasis that occur soon after birth. Understanding this physiological process, early anticipation of hypernatremia and familiarization with the neonatal management of hypernatremia can prevent mortality and long-term morbidity associated with this condition. This review aims to provide a practical and understandable approach to the diagnosis and management of hypernatremia in neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9247442/pdf/bmh-0007-0055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40685534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are We Prepared to Abandon the Idea of Sex Binarism? A Biomedical Perspective","authors":"R. Rey","doi":"10.1159/000522409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000522409","url":null,"abstract":"aCentro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas “Dr. César Bergadá” (CEDIE), CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina; bDepartamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Received: December 8, 2021 Accepted: February 1, 2022 Published online: March 4, 2022","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84161614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Proportion and Dynamic of B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 in a Large City in the West of Germany","authors":"S. Herkenrath, Kyrill Boschung, Julia A. Nacov, A. Heibges, Britta Schroer, M. Treml, W. Randerath","doi":"10.1159/000519968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519968","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Several mutational variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified in the past months with increasing prevalence worldwide. Some variants, such as B.1.1.7, are of high relevance due to increased transmissibility, facilitating virus spread and calling for stricter containment measures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine proportion and dynamic of B.1.1.7 in SARS-CoV-2-positive samples in a large city in the west of Germany. Methods: Consecutive SARS-CoV-2-positive samples from a local outpatient clinic, obtained over a period of 4 weeks (mid-January to mid-February 2021), were examined for the presence of the variant B.1.1.7. The size of B.1.1.7 infection clusters was compared with non-B.1.1.7 clusters. The transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 was described based on corresponding cases of an infection cluster in a local child daycare centre. Results: Among 226 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, B.1.1.7 was detected in 74 subjects (33%). The 7-day moving mean of the B.1.1.7 proportion started at 20% and reached 50% only 3 weeks later. B.1.1.7 clusters comprised 10.7 ± 12.1 persons per cluster, while non-B.1.1.7 clusters were considerably smaller (5.1 ± 5.8). One specific B.1.1.7 infection cluster in a 40-children daycare centre started with one teacher leading to 11 infected children and 8 infections among teachers. The infection spread to 6 families and one other daycare centre, with a total 43 SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. Conclusions: We found a rapid increase in the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 with larger infection clusters than non-B.1.1.7. These results suggested a rapid increase in the B.1.1.7 proportion and a renewed increase in the total number of SARS-CoV-2 infections for the time following the analysed period. Considering the rapid emergence and spread of viral variants, close monitoring of mutation events is essential. Therefore, routine whole-genome sequencing appears to be useful in addition to searching for known mutations.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84877261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyalinizing Clear Cell Salivary Gland Carcinoma of the Epipharynx: A Minor Salivary/Tubarial Gland Malignancy","authors":"H. Brandt, D. Baumhoer, Nora Tetter","doi":"10.1159/000521830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521830","url":null,"abstract":"Minor salivary gland malignancies are a rare entity among head and neck tumors. As in major gland neoplasms, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma are the most common histological subtypes. Malignant tumors affecting minor salivary glands include a wide range of histopathologic types. Localization in the epipharynx and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma subtype are exceedingly rare. A 47 year-old male presented to our clinic with a complaint of slowly progressing left-sided nasal obstruction. Endoscopy revealed a well-defined nodular epipharyngeal mass. Radiographic evaluation discovered a nonvascularized tumor of the tubal protuberance. The tumor was treated with wide local excision. Staging at the time found no evidence of regional lymph node metastases. Histologic examination revealed a hyalinizing clear cell salivary gland carcinoma demonstrating an EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusion. Restaging endoscopy and radiographic imaging 3 months after initial therapy did not reveal any signs of tumor persistence. The patient is currently in follow-up.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Abdominal Ectopic Pregnancy with Subsequent Fetal and Placental Extraction: A Case Report","authors":"L. Zuñiga, C. Alas-Pineda, Clarisa L. Reyes-Guardado, German Isaías Melgar, Kristhel Gaitán-Zambrano, Simmons Gough","doi":"10.1159/000521733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521733","url":null,"abstract":"Abdominal ectopic pregnancy (AEP) occurs within the peritoneal cavity, outside the genital organs (uterus, tubes, ovaries). It is an unusual condition with an incidence that varies from 1:10,000 to 1:30,000 of all pregnancies worldwide. A 38-year-old primigravid patient was diagnosed in the second trimester with AEP. Pregnancy reached 35.6 gestational weeks, and the patient underwent surgery via laparotomy for extraction of the live fetus. Complete removal of the placenta was performed without maternal or fetal complications. AEP is an important cause of maternal and fetal death; the mortality rate in pregnant women with AEP is approximately 1–18%. Surgical intervention to deliver a baby in cases of AEP requires a multidisciplinary team, especially in countries with limited therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88801108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Optimal Correction for Young Myopic Children: A Concept Study","authors":"Sara Bøgelund Rasmussen, F. Møller, T. M. Jakobsen","doi":"10.1159/000521135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521135","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to explore alternative ways of achieving optimal correction for myopic children who cannot cooperate to subjective manifest refraction (SR). The study included myopic children aged 9–12 years who underwent non-cycloplegic SR and autorefraction with and without cycloplegia using the Shin-Nippon Nvision-K 5001 autorefractor (AR) as well as non-cycloplegic autorefraction using the Topcon KR-800S AR. There were 21 children (mean age, 10.62 years) included. The spherical equivalent refractive error of SR was not significantly different from that of non-cycloplegic AR measurements, but it was significantly different from that of cycloplegic Shin-Nippon Nvision-K 5001 measurements (p < 0.001). Compared with SR, cycloplegic Shin-Nippon Nvision-K 5001 measured a less myopic refractive error (median: −2.44 D vs. −2.88 D, p < 0.001). For both ARs, the axis measurements and astigmatic dioptre values between SR and autorefraction were not significantly different. Compared with non-cycloplegic SR, cycloplegic measurements showed a lesser degree of myopic refractive error. There was no significant difference between SR and non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Therefore, the Topcon KR-800S and the Shin-Nippon Nvision-K 5001 ARs may be useful for prescribing glasses in myopic children who cannot cooperate during SR. However, caution should be taken with cylinders <0.75 D because the agreement in axis between SR and AR measurement is poor. Therefore, in such cases, we suggest to add half the cylinder to the spherical component.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Infantile Hemangiomas and Retinopathy of Prematurity: Analysis of the Multicenter KID","authors":"Nilesh Dankhara, Renjithkumar Kalikkot Thekkeveedu, J. Patel, J. Desai","doi":"10.1159/000521413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521413","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and infantile hemangiomas (IHs) both have similar proposed pathophysiological mechanisms. IH is more common in preterm than term infants. Hypoxia-induced mediators like vascular endothelial growth factor have been found elevated in children with hemangiomas. The aim of our study was to determine if there is an association between ROP and IH in preterm infants and to investigate racial/ethnic and gender differences of ROP and IHs in this cohort. Methods: We accessed the national multicenter Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) including admissions at age ≤28 days. Eligible infants were identified by using ICD-9 codes of ROP and IH in infants with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤1,500 g during the years 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012. A weight-based analysis was performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1 for complex sample design. Results: In the cohort of 1,068,502 eligible infants, the prevalence of IH was 4.7 per 1,000 preterm admissions (<32 weeks). ROP prevalence was 16% for GA ≤26 weeks, 12.5% for GA 27–30 weeks, and 2.7% for GA 31–32 weeks. IH was significantly higher in infants with ROP; this relationship was consistent among all stages of ROP. Regression analysis showed that females are at increased risk of IH with ROP compared to males (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.00 [1.85–2.56]). White non-Hispanic premature infants had an increased risk of IH with concomitant ROP compared to both African American (aOR: 3.9 [2.63–4.76]) and Hispanic (aOR: 1.2 [1.14–1.38]) infants. However, African American infants had an increased risk of ROP compared to white non-Hispanic infants (aOR: 1.16 [1.07–1.14]). These genders and racial/ethnic disparities were consistent among GA categories. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest cohort based on a national multicenter database comparing an association between ROP and IH. A strong association between ROP and IH may suggest similar risk factors and/or pathophysiology. A further role of genetic factors could explain racial/ethnic differences in both conditions despite similar pathogenesis. These findings may open up new bases of research for management and prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquaporin-4-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Presenting with Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder","authors":"P. Carrillo, T. Gorría, D. Santana, M. Sepúlveda, I. Aldecoa, B. González-Farré, E. Sanfeliu, E. Mension, I. Cebrecos, O. Martínez-Sáez, I. Alonso, A. Saiz","doi":"10.1159/000521578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521578","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory central nervous system disorder that preferentially affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord. Although NMOSD is more commonly an idiopathic autoimmune condition associated with antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG, the disease may also occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome in rare instances. In these cases, the expression of AQP4 by the tumor is likely the trigger of the autoimmune response. Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with progressive tetraparesis, cranial involvement, respiratory failure, and spinal cord MRI compatible with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, few days after being diagnosed with a T3N1M0 triple-negative right breast cancer. Due to the history of concurrent breast cancer and after ruling out metastatic spinal cord involvement, the possibility of a paraneoplastic origin was raised. AQP4-IgG were found in the serum and CSF by cell-based assay, confirming the diagnosis of NMOSD. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and rituximab. Concomitantly, breast cancer therapy was started with an adapted neoadjuvant chemotherapy scheme based on carboplatin and paclitaxel. An initial slight improvement slowed down; so, a right mastectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Expression of AQP4 was demonstrated in the tumor. The patient presented a significant neurological improvement after combined treatment regaining muscular balance and strength in upper and lower extremities. Conclusion: NMOSD may have a paraneoplastic origin associated with breast cancer and the importance of its early detection since the combination of tumoral and immunosuppressive therapy may improve the patient’s prognosis.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88185764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Oedema Post-Cataract Surgery in Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Australia","authors":"Ishith Seth, G. Bulloch, Alvin Tan, Erin Thornell, S. Agarwal","doi":"10.1159/000521053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521053","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Post-operatively, cataract surgery is associated with pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (PCMO) causing vision disturbances. The presence of comorbidities may increase the incidence of PCMO post-cataract surgery. Objective: This observational study aimed to assess the incidence of PCMO in Australia (Illawarra region) and identify risk factors for developing PCMO. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on data from patients who underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between 1st March and June 30, 2016. Demographics, comorbidities, central subfield thickness (CST), visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) were collected preoperatively, day 1, and weeks 2, 4, and 6 post-operatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.27.0 and GraphPad Prism v.9.0. The median and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe data. Logistic regression and χ2 tests were used to describe the associations. We followed the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. Results: Fifty right and 35 left cataract eyes were operated on (58.8% were females; average age 72.8 ± 8.146 years). Total PCMO incidence was 10.6%, and true PCMO incidence (removing PCMO risk factors) was 4.2% at week 6 post-operatively. CST was slightly increased between pre- and post-cataract surgery at week 4 (p = 0.002) and week 6 (p < 0.0001; median = 259 μm, 264 μm, and 263 μm, respectively). IOP was found to be decreased (p < 0.0001) compared to day 1 (median = 17 mm Hg) and week 6 (median = 13 mm Hg). The probability of developing PCMO (odds ratio [OR] = 3) and vitreomacular traction (OR = 2.9) was higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic patients and in patients >65 years old (OR = 1.5). Conclusion: The true incidence of PCMO was found to be the greatest at 2–4 weeks post-operatively. Patients with diabetes or advanced age (>65 years) are at an elevated risk of developing PCMO after cataract surgery. The treatment regimens for the comorbid populations, especially diabetic patients, remain limited, and future efforts should target pharmaceutical management for these groups.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88028385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Parallel Topical Treatment with Nadifloxacin and Adapalene on Acne Vulgaris Severity and Quality of Life: A Prospective, Uncontrolled, Multicentric, Noninterventional Study.","authors":"Claudia Neumeister, Rolf-Hasso Bödeker, Ulrich Schwantes, Claudia Borelli","doi":"10.1159/000520447","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000520447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Daily parallel application of adapalene and nadifloxacin has been determined to be effective and well tolerated in patients with acne vulgaris in randomized, controlled clinical studies. Here, the authors report the results from a large, prospective, uncontrolled, multicentric, noninterventional study under real-life conditions in Germany. The effect of treatment on acne severity, safety, and, for the first time, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of the 292 patients (safety collective: 231 adults, 61 adolescents) who had at least grade 4 acne vulgaris on the face as per the Leeds Revised Acne Grading (LRAG), 273 (efficacy collective: 213 adults, 60 adolescents) were treated with adapalene 0.1% cream or gel and nadifloxacin 1% cream for the defined minimum of 28 days. Patients were evaluated for acne severity, acne-related facial symptoms, HRQoL, overall assessment of therapy, and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the median treatment duration of 37 and 38 days (adults and adolescents, respectively), 93.4% and 85.0% of adults and adolescents, respectively, exhibited a sustained decrease in acne severity. The LRAG decreased by at least 3 scores in 29.1% and 24.6% of female and male adults, respectively. HRQoL improved in 67.9% and 63.5% of adults and adolescents, respectively (median improvement in the Dermatology Life Quality Index scores per patient of 3.0 [female adults], 1.0 [male adults], and 2.0 for all adolescents in the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index). Female adults were more impaired in terms of HRQoL compared to male adults. The 2 best overall efficacy ratings were provided by physicians in 79.3% and 69.5% and by patients in 68.5% and 58.3% of adult and adolescent cases, respectively. The treatment was well tolerated, as reflected in the low number of 9 mild adverse events (AEs), all of which resolved without treatment. However, 4 patients terminated the study prematurely due to AEs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the parallel use of adapalene and nadifloxacin for at least 5 weeks resulted in a rapid improvement in acne severity, an increase in HRQoL, and a good safety profile. Therefore, it represents a promising treatment option that offers the possibility of flexible therapy adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8832211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75456495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}