Biomedicine Hub最新文献

{"title":"Folate Receptor Beta Signaling in the Regulation of Macrophage Antimicrobial Immune Response: A Scoping Review","authors":"Anna C.C. Castelo Branco, Lisa M. Rogers, David M Aronoff","doi":"10.1159/000536186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000536186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Folate, vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential to cellular proliferation and division. In addition to the reduced folate carrier, eukaryotic cells take up folate through endocytosis mediated by one of two GPI-anchored folate receptors (FRs), FRα or FRβ. Two other isoforms of FR exist, FRγ and FRδ, neither of which support endocytic activities of FR signaling. FRβ is expressed primarily by monocytes and macrophages and highly expressed on activated macrophages. Macrophage expression of FRβ suggests a role for this receptor in modulating function of these immune sentinels, particularly as they engage in inflammatory processes. Despite several studies suggesting that folates can suppress inflammatory responses of macrophages to proinflammatory stimuli, there appears to be a lack of basic research examining the role of FRβ in modulating macrophage responses to microbial sensing. We therefore conducted a scoping review to assess evidence within the published literature addressing the question, “what is known about the extent to which FRβ regulates macrophage responses to sensing, and responding to, microorganisms?”. Methods As a strategy for the study selection, we queried articles indexed in the research database PubMed and the search engine Google Scholar (up until August 12, 2023), including combinations of the research words: macrophage, folate receptor beta, FOLR2. Results We identified 2 relevant articles out of 153 that are worth discussing here, none of which directly addressed our research question. Conclusion There is an unmet need to better define the contribution of FRβ to regulating the macrophage response to microbes.","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 4","pages":"31 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Young Infants during the Omicron Wave: A Case Series.","authors":"Najmus Sehr Ansari,&nbsp;Douglas C Watson,&nbsp;Douglas M Campbell,&nbsp;Mohammed A Sarhan,&nbsp;Ari Bitnun,&nbsp;Estelle B Gauda","doi":"10.1159/000528534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe the clinical course of 4 infants infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. All were admitted to our tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit during the Omicron variant wave in our region. All 4 infants, who were less than 3 months of age, including three born prematurely, presented with critical illness. However, their clinical presentation varied considerably. Of them, two infants presented with apnea, one with respiratory distress, and one with gastrointestinal manifestation. Our experience with these four infants provides evidence for a severe form of disease and varied clinical presentation in neonates and young infants speculated to be infected with Omicron variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"8 1","pages":"10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/6d/bmh-0008-0010.PMC9892994.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Depth of Focus Intraocular Lenses: Through Focus Evaluation of Wavefront-Shaping versus Diffractive Optics.","authors":"Ruediger Schmid,&nbsp;Andreas F Borkenstein","doi":"10.1159/000529234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A new class of nondiffractive, wavefront-shaping Enhanced-Depth-of-Focus (EDoF) IOLs has been introduced very recently to cope with photic phenomena known from diffractive EDoF IOLs. We investigated the through focus modulation transfer function (MTF) of two wavefront-shaping EDoF IOLs compared to an established diffractive EDoF IOL on the optical bench. Such comparison on the optical bench had not been performed before and is of high clinical importance for the cataract surgeon.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Tecnis Symfony (diffractive) and the wavefront-shaping Acrysof IQ Vivity and LuxSmart Crystal IOLs (22 D each) were assessed by the OptiSpheric IOL PRO 2 imaging test bench with an ISO-2 cornea and a wavelength of 546 nm. Apertures of 3 mm and 4.5 mm were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For all three IOLs, two peaks showed up in the through focus MTF curves representing the primary and secondary focus. For Symfony, these peaks were most distinct. Power difference between far and intermediate focus was 1.25 D (Symfony), 1.75 D (Vivity), and 1.5 D (LuxSmart) with an aperture of 3 mm. With an aperture of 4.5 mm, only for LuxSmart, power difference diminished slightly to about 1 D, and only the MTF in the intermediate focus decreased for all lenses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For all three IOLs, we could confirm a considerable depth of focus that was most extended for Vivity. Both new wavefront-shaping IOLs had lower values of peak MTF but a markedly more continuous through focus behavior compared to the diffractive EDoF IOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"8 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/aa/ea/bmh-2023-0008-0001-529234.PMC10015109.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Treatments for Respiratory Complications in Extremely Premature Infants: Interviews with Caregivers.","authors":"Sujata P Sarda,&nbsp;Magdalena Vanya,&nbsp;Ethan J Schwartz,&nbsp;Keira Sorrells,&nbsp;Fumihiko Namba,&nbsp;Shinya Hirano,&nbsp;Alison McNulty,&nbsp;Linda Han,&nbsp;Alexandra Mangili","doi":"10.1159/000527375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extremely premature (EP) infants (<28 weeks gestational age) with respiratory conditions after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) impose a significant burden on caregivers. This study explored caregiver burden post-NICU discharge and perceptions of meaningful change in infant chronic respiratory morbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult primary caregivers of EP infants 3-14 months corrected age were recruited through patient advocacy organizations or hospital centers in the USA, Northern Ireland, Germany, and Japan and interviewed by phone. Interviews explored caregiver experiences with infants with respiratory conditions, associated treatment burden, and meaningful change in infant respiratory morbidity as measured by treatment use. Qualitative analysis of interview data was performed using MAXQDA software. Sociodemographic data were summarized using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five caregivers (95.6% female) of EP infants were interviewed. Respiratory morbidities post-NICU discharge included coughing (78%), breathing difficulties (76%), wheezing (58%), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease of prematurity (56%). Respiratory medications were required by 87% of infants, 80% used home respiratory technology support (e.g., supplemental oxygen), 38% were re-hospitalized, and 33% had emergency department visits. Caregivers considered visits to the emergency department to be the most burdensome treatment requirement they experienced, and reduction in the number of emergency department visits was considered the most meaningful change in treatment use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the significant burden faced by caregivers of EP infants with respiratory morbidities. Development of treatments for respiratory complications should take into consideration the concerns and preferences of caregivers in order to provide a meaningful benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/87/bmh-2023-0008-0001-527375.PMC10015585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9515579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Various Pharmacologic Agents in the Management of Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm: A Network Meta-Analysis and Risk-Benefit Analysis.","authors":"Sudarat Eursiriwan, Chusak Okascharoen, Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara, Oraluck Pattanaprateep, Pawin Numthavaj, John Attia, Ammarin Thakkinstian","doi":"10.1159/000526318","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000526318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Various pharmacological treatments are available for preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but their risks and benefits are controversial. This study aimed to identify the best treatment for PDA using network meta-analysis (NMA) and risk-benefit assessment (RBA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. RCTs were eligible if they were studied for preterm or low birth weight infants with presymptomatic PDA and hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA). The outcomes were PDA closure for a benefit and the composite risk outcome of adverse effects (AEs) for risk. An NMA was used to estimate the treatment effects of benefit and risk. The RBA helped to incorporate the risk and benefits of multiple treatments. Then, an incremental risk-benefit ratio was calculated by dividing the incremental risk by benefit using data from NMA, and they were jointly simulated using Monte Carlo methods. Finally, net clinical benefit (NCB) probability curves were constructed at varying acceptability thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy RCTs with hsPDA were eligible considering 13 different interventions, but data on presymptomatic PDA were not enough for pooling. The clustered ranking plot from NMA indicated that 3 interventions (i.e., high-dose oral ibuprofen, standard-dose oral acetaminophen, and standard-dose oral ibuprofen) yielded high PDA closure and low AE. These three treatments and additional commonly used indomethacin were considered in the RBA. Given an acceptable threshold of 25% or having one AE out of four PDA closures, high-dose oral ibuprofen had a 36% chance of having the highest NCB, followed by standard-dose oral acetaminophen (27%), and oral ibuprofen (23.7%). Subgroup analysis indicated that the chances of having the highest NCB of GA ≥28 weeks were similar to that of all available studies. The best for GA <28 weeks, no data for high-dose oral ibuprofen, was standard-dose oral acetaminophen, followed by standard-dose oral ibuprofen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trade-off RBA indicated that high-dose oral ibuprofen might be the best treatment for preterm, GA ≥28 weeks, with hsPDA followed by the standard-dose oral acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Preferably, optimal high doses, postnatal age to start treatment, and long-term outcomes are needed to study in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":" ","pages":"125-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/12/bmh-0007-0125.PMC9710462.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35254502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma Arising from the Parotid Gland.","authors":"Marina Vitorino,&nbsp;Joaquim Tinoco,&nbsp;Andreia Filipa Chaves","doi":"10.1159/000528090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000528090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) is a rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands, representing 1-2% of salivary gland neoplasms. It is considered a low-grade tumor, often associated with a good prognosis. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with 3-month history of a growing, painless mass in the right ascending ramus of the mandible. Ultrasound and CT scan showed an asymmetry between parotid glands, depicting a nodular structure on the right side. A parotid fine needle aspiration cytology revealed neoplastic cells suggestive of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent a total parotidectomy with lymph node dissection. Histopathology result was reported as BCAC. The patient concluded adjuvant radiotherapy and continued follow-up surveillance without evidence of relapse. The adjuvant approach in this case was decided by a multidisciplinary team given the absence of classically known risk factors. We highlight the importance of considering BCAC in the differential diagnosis in salivary gland tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 3","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/3a/bmh-0007-0173.PMC9834636.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Low-Dose Colchicine on Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Enhanced Inflammatory Response Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2, Dose-Finding Study.","authors":"Yoshikazu Miwa,&nbsp;Akiko Mutoh,&nbsp;Takeshi Morimoto,&nbsp;Yumi Ikehara,&nbsp;Takanori Yasu,&nbsp;Shinji Koba,&nbsp;Junya Ako,&nbsp;Yukihito Higashi,&nbsp;Masato Kajikawa,&nbsp;Hiroki Uehara,&nbsp;Kazuo Ishikawa,&nbsp;Ichiro Sakuma,&nbsp;Hirofumi Tomiyama,&nbsp;Koichi Node,&nbsp;Yuji Kumagai,&nbsp;Shinichiro Ueda","doi":"10.1159/000527411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although cardiovascular mortality in Japan is lower than in other industrialized countries, clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain poor despite multiple evidence-based drug therapies and interventions. We assumed that part of residual risk in these patients may be attributable to enhanced inflammation, which can be inhibited presumably by colchicine. However, dose-responsiveness of anti-inflammatory effect of colchicine has not been elucidated. Therefore, we designed a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, parallel-group study to explore the dose-dependent effects of low-dose colchicine on serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration and safety in CAD patients with T2DM and enhanced inflammatory response as a phase 2 study. Enhanced inflammatory response was defined as peripheral white-blood cell count ≥7,000/μL. Patients (<i>N</i> = 63) will be randomly assigned to two doses of colchicine 0.25 mg/day, 0.5 mg/day, or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio once daily for 12 weeks. Changes in serum hs-CRP levels will be evaluated as the primary endpoint, and changes in flow-mediated vasodilation and plasma myeloperoxidase levels will be evaluated as secondary endpoints. The results of this study will contribute to the development of a protocol for a planned future phase 3 trial to estimate the reduction in CAD. The present study describes the rationale, design, and methods of the trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/af/bmh-0007-0156.PMC9834642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10539951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation Solutions Negatively Affect the Viability and Function of Human Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study.","authors":"David Sosnoski,&nbsp;Paula Dietz,&nbsp;Therese Bou-Akl,&nbsp;Wei-Ping Ren,&nbsp;David Markel","doi":"10.1159/000527110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multiple irrigation solutions are used in orthopedic surgeries although there are limited studies on their lasting effects on human tissues. The purpose of this work was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the irrigation solutions Bacitracin, Clorpactin (sodium oxychlorosene), Irrisept (0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate), and Bactisure (ethanol 1%, acetic acid 0.6%, sodium acetate 0.2%, benzalkonium chloride 0.013%, and water) on 3D cultures of human fibroblasts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent experiments with 6 replicates were performed for the following conditions: Control (saline), bacitracin, Clorpactin, Irrisept, and Bactisure. Human fibroblast cell sheets were exposed to these solutions (1 or 2 min), followed by three washes with warm saline. Cell sheets were then cultured for additional 5- and 7-day posttreatment. Cell viability was measured using the alamarBlue (AB) assay. The more cytotoxic the irrigant, the lower the AB reduction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For 1-min exposure time, significant differences in AB reduction were noted in Clorpactin, Irrisept, and Bactisure groups compared to control at both 5 days (Clorpactin <i>p</i> = 0.0003, Irrisept <i>p</i> = 7.31 × 10^-15, Bactisure <i>p</i> = 6.86 × 10^-14) and 7 days posttreatment (all groups <i>p</i> < 0.0001). The results were similar in the 2-min exposure groups. Bacitracin-treated fibroblasts displayed no significant difference at all measurement times compared to control.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Impacts of irrigation solution exposure on cell viability were varied. Irrisept and Bactisure showed the highest cell toxicity even after a brief exposure (1 min), while bacitracin and Clor-pactin exposure showed smaller impacts on cell viability as compared to saline controls. This in vitro study provided insight into the effects of the irrigants on human cells and provides the groundwork essential to move to in vivo studies. Our findings raised the concern that some irrigation solutions may have negative impacts on wound healing and healthy cellular response.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 3","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/4d/bmh-0007-0165.PMC9834643.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10539950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Optimizing Oxygen Saturation Targets on the Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Quaternary NICU.","authors":"Naveed Ur Rehman Durrani,&nbsp;Sanoj Karayil Mohammad Ali,&nbsp;Ghaniya Ede,&nbsp;Amr Moussa Mahmoud Khalil,&nbsp;Pedro Mattar Neri,&nbsp;Mai Al Qubaisi,&nbsp;Samir Gupta","doi":"10.1159/000527399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial disease and a preventable cause of blindness in childhood. Hyperoxia and hypoxia can cause retinal neovascularization resulting in retinal detachment and blindness if left untreated. Besides oxygen treatment, other reasons for ROP development are well known. We prospectively adopt various strategies to keep oxygen saturation (SpO₂) within targets^, between 91 and 95% for those on supplemental oxygen. By adapting this, we postulated that the incidence of severe ROP might be reduced.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2018-2019 provided pre-intervention and 2020 post-intervention data for the project. For all babies (≤32 weeks, ≤1,500 g with FiO₂ >0.21), target SpO₂ between 91 and 95% was measured as a percentage of time spent within and outside target SpO₂ during 1-4 weeks of life.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>112 and 60 preterm neonates were screened for ROP during the pre- and post-intervention phase. Twenty neonates (18.3%) during pre-intervention and 16 (26.7%) in the post-intervention phase developed severe ROP requiring treatment. Despite a statistically significant increase of 10 percent points in time spent within target SpO₂ (91-95%) in the post-intervention phase (<i>p</i> < 0.05), the incidence of severe ROP did not decline. Using a multivariate model, odds of ROP development decreased with gestational age (25%) while increasing with PDA requiring treatment (4.33 times) and glucose ≥10 mg/dL (4.15 times), considering one variable at a time, keeping others constant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our QI project showed successful attainment of maximum time; the SpO₂ remained within targets during supplemental oxygen; however, the incidence of severe ROP had not declined. Factors other than SpO₂ might be responsible for a high incidence of ROP in our neonatal intensive care unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 3","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/fc/bmh-0007-0146.PMC9834641.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9084794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the Effects of Pentobarbital Anesthetic and Combination of Medetomidine Hydrochloride, Midazolam, and Butorphanol Tartrate Anesthetic on Electroretinogram in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats.","authors":"Tetsuya Hasegawa,&nbsp;Rina Takagi,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Tanaka,&nbsp;Takeshi Ohta,&nbsp;Masami Shinohara,&nbsp;Yasushi Kageyama,&nbsp;Tomohiko Sasase,&nbsp;Shin-Ichi Muramatsu,&nbsp;Toshikatsu Kaburaki,&nbsp;Akihiro Kakehashi","doi":"10.1159/000526189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000526189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different anesthetic agents on electroretinograms (ERGs) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats (SDT fatty rats).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ERG recordings were measured under general anesthesia using pentobarbital or a combination of medetomidine hydrochloride, midazolam, and butorphanol (MMB) tartrate anesthesia in 12 9-week-old normal Sprague-Dawley rats (Jcl:SD rats) and 16 SDT fatty rats. Each animal model was divided into 2 groups, the pentobarbital group and MMB group. The amplitudes and peak times of the a- and b-waves and oscillatory potentials (OPs) were measured from 0.0001 candela per square meter (cd.s/m²) to 10.0 cd.s/m².</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amplitude of the a-wave was significantly higher in the MMB group of Jcl:SD rats, but there was no significant difference in amplitude between the two groups of SDT fatty rats. There was no significant difference in the OP1 amplitude between both groups of Jcl:SD rats, but the OP1 amplitude was significantly higher in the MMB group of SDT fatty rats. The OP2 amplitude was significantly higher in the pentobarbital group in both the Jcl:SD rats and SDT fatty rats. There was no significant difference in the OP3 amplitude between the Jcl:SD and SDT fatty rat groups. The amplitude of the OP4 waves was significantly higher in the MMB group for both Jcl:SD and SDT fatty rats. There was no significant difference in the sums of the OP1 to OP4 (ΣOPs) amplitudes between the Jcl:SD and SDT fatty rat groups. There was no significant difference in the b-wave amplitude between the Jcl:SD rat groups, but the b-wave amplitude was significantly higher in the SDT fatty rats that received pentobarbital. The peak times for a-wave, OP1, OP2, OP3, OP4, and ΣOPs were significantly longer in the pentobarbital group of SD rats. The peak time of the b-wave was significantly longer in the MMB group of Jcl:SD rats, but the same result was obtained in the SDT fatty rats except that there was no significant difference in the a-wave.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The overall ERG results vary depending on the anesthetic agent used. The OPs can be observed in detail when using MMB. Since the SDT fatty rat is a diabetic model animal, we recommend MMB as the anesthesia of choice when studying the OP waves in detail.</p>","PeriodicalId":9075,"journal":{"name":"Biomedicine Hub","volume":"7 3","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/40/2f/bmh-0007-0106.PMC9574210.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10520635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}