Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences最新文献_第2页

Forensic DNA phenotyping in criminal investigations and criminal courts: assessing and mitigating the dilemmas inherent in the science. 刑事调查和刑事法庭的法医DNA表型:评估和减轻科学中固有的困境。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2560157

Charles E. MacLean, Adam Lamparello

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引用次数: 20

Technological innovations in forensic genetics: social, legal and ethical aspects. 法医遗传学的技术创新:社会、法律和伦理方面。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150328010557

Matthias Wienroth, Niels Morling, Robin Williams

引用次数: 41

Should arrestee DNA databases extend to misdemeanors? 被捕者的DNA数据库应该扩展到轻罪吗?

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150205104945

Elizabeth E Joh

{"title":"Should arrestee DNA databases extend to misdemeanors?","authors":"Elizabeth E Joh","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150205104945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352092209666150205104945","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, those groups of persons eligible for compulsory DNA sampling by law enforcement authorities continue to expand. The collection of DNA samples from felony arrestees will likely be adopted by many more states after the U.S. Supreme Court's 2013 decision in Maryland v. King, which upheld a state law permitting the compulsory and warrantless DNA sampling from those arrested of serious offenses. At the time of the decision, 28 states and the federal government already had arrestee DNA collection statutes in place. Nevada became the 29th state to collect DNA from arrestees in May 2013, and several others have bills under consideration. Should states collect DNA from misdemeanor arrestees as well? This article considers this as yet largely unrealized but nevertheless important potential expansion of arrestee DNA databases. The collection of DNA samples from those arrested of relatively minor offenses would increase the number of samples, and perhaps consequently the number of \"hits.\" On balance, however, such an expansion of current DNA laws raises enough serious concerns-chiefly about police discretion, inequitable enforcement, and cost-that legislators should refrain from changing arrestee DNA laws in this way. ","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"8 2","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2352092209666150205104945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33044561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

DNA for crime investigation: European co-operation model. 犯罪调查的DNA:欧洲合作模式。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150218003440

Anna Fiodorova

{"title":"DNA for crime investigation: European co-operation model.","authors":"Anna Fiodorova","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150218003440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352092209666150218003440","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents DNA related data exchange mechanism established within the framework of the European Union for the transnational crime investigation. First of all, it provides with the comprehensive overview of legal and practical state of play, pointing out that approved legal basis seeks to ensure legality and reliability in this area by establishing information exchange purposes and competent authorities involved, setting up technical requirements for the DNA analysis and DNA data bases, laying down provisions on accreditation of forensic service providers, foreseeing at least minimum common data protection requirements. Secondly, it reveals that despite being the most exhaustive international regulation on DNA related data exchange among law enforcement and judicial authorities it misses effective data protection mechanism, does not harmonize neither backgrounds for DNA collection in criminal process in general nor storage requirements and that results the variation in categories of subjects related to the crime investigation and included in data bases of different Member States. These gaps make the use of data collected and stored in another Member State vulnerable from the perspective of different rules on evidences' legality within the criminal process. The article also reveals the model's weakness in terms of assessment of its efficiency as statistics gathered for the time being show only number of coincidences (hits) of searched DNA profiles, but not the impact on crime investigation and its results. ","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"8 2","pages":"126-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2352092209666150218003440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33075945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Editorial: genomics and criminal law. 社论:基因组学和刑法。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/235209220802150407095915

Dov Greenbaum, Sharon Nakar

引用次数: 0

DNA data in criminal procedure in the European fundamental rights context. 欧洲基本权利背景下刑事诉讼中的DNA数据。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150205112336

Helena Soleto

{"title":"DNA data in criminal procedure in the European fundamental rights context.","authors":"Helena Soleto","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150205112336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352092209666150205112336","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being one of the most useful and reliable identification tools, DNA profiling in criminal procedure balances on the border between the limitation and violation of Fundamental Rights that can occur beginning with the collection of the sample, its analysis, and its use; and ending with its processing. Throughout this complex process, violation of human or fundamental rights -such as the right to physical and moral integrity, the right not to be subject to degrading treatment, the right not to incriminate oneself, the right to family privacy together with that of not incriminating descendants or relatives in general, the right to personal development and the right to informative self-determination- is possible. This article presents an analysis of all the above-mentioned DNA treating phases in criminal process in the light of possible violations of some Fundamental Rights, while at the same time discarding some of them on the basis of European human rights protection standards. As the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights shows, the legislation on DNA collection and DNA related data processing or its implementation does not always respect all human rights and should be carefully considered before its adoption and during its application.","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"99 1","pages":"91-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78699603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic DNA phenotyping in criminal investigations and criminal courts: assessing and mitigating the dilemmas inherent in the science. 刑事调查和刑事法庭的法医DNA表型:评估和减轻科学中固有的困境。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150212001256

Charles E MacLean, Adam Lamparello

{"title":"Forensic DNA phenotyping in criminal investigations and criminal courts: assessing and mitigating the dilemmas inherent in the science.","authors":"Charles E MacLean, Adam Lamparello","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150212001256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352092209666150212001256","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic DNA Phenotyping (\"FDP\"), estimating the externally visible characteristics (\"EVCs\") of the source of human DNA left at a crime scene, is evolving from science fiction toward science fact. FDP can already identify a source's gender with 100% accuracy, and likely hair color, iris color, adult height, and a number of other EVCs with accuracy rates approaching 70%. Patent applications have been filed for approaches to generating 3D likenesses of DNA sources based on the DNA alone. Nonetheless, criminal investigators, particularly in the United States, have been reticent to apply FDP in their casework. The reticence is likely related to a number of perceived and real dilemmas associated with FDP: is FDP racial profiling, should we test unknown and unseen physical conditions, does testing for behavioral characteristics impermissibly violate the source's privacy, ought testing be permitted for samples from known sources or DNA databases, and should FDP be limited to use in investigations only or is FDP appropriate for use in a criminal court. As this article explains, although those dilemmas are substantive, they are not insurmountable, and can be quite easily managed with appropriate regulation and protocols. As FDP continues to develop, there will be less need for criminal investigators to shy away from FDP. Cold cases, missing persons, and victims in crimes without other evidence will one day soon all be well served by FDP. ","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"8 2","pages":"104-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2352092209666150212001256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33060436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Genes, blame and loss of control: is there a place in criminal law for a 'genetic defense'? 基因、指责和失控:刑法中是否有“基因辩护”的一席之地?

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150216122554

Colin Gavaghan, Amir Bastani

{"title":"Genes, blame and loss of control: is there a place in criminal law for a 'genetic defense'?","authors":"Colin Gavaghan, Amir Bastani","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150216122554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2352092209666150216122554","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, Caspi and colleagues proposed that a specific gene by environment (GxE) interaction is related to antisocial tendencies. Since then, a substantial body of literature has examined the potential implications of such a correlation for the criminal justice system, and in particular, for the attribution of responsibility and blame that lies at the core of that system. It is probably accurate to say that the majority position among criminal theorists is that evidence of such a nature does not undermine or seriously challenge existing notions of responsibility, and could not constitute a full defense to a criminal charge - although it may have a role to play in sentencing. Less consideration, however, has been given to the role such evidence may play in so-called 'partial defenses' - those like diminished responsibility (DR), which serve not to exculpate the defendant entirely, but rather, to mitigate his responsibility for the criminal act. This paper aims to assess the most important feature of the Caspi Sudy - the low variant gene for the production of Monoamine Oxidase Acid A gene (MAOA-L) - and its possible role in a defense of DR. We argue that, following the approach of common law jurisdictions to analogous situations, there is no principled reason to exclude evidence of MAOA-L as a basis of DR. ","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"8 2","pages":"119-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2352092209666150216122554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33060437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Discovery of novel antibiotic resistance genes through metagenomics. 通过宏基因组学发现新的抗生素耐药基因。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092208666141013231244

Marcos López-Pérez, Salvador Mirete

引用次数: 7

Preliminary perspectives on DNA collection in anti-human trafficking efforts. 关于在打击人口贩运工作中收集 DNA 的初步看法。

Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/2352092209666150216122234

Sara H Katsanis, Joyce Kim, Mollie A Minear, Subhashini Chandrasekharan, Jennifer K Wagner

{"title":"Preliminary perspectives on DNA collection in anti-human trafficking efforts.","authors":"Sara H Katsanis, Joyce Kim, Mollie A Minear, Subhashini Chandrasekharan, Jennifer K Wagner","doi":"10.2174/2352092209666150216122234","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2352092209666150216122234","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic DNA methodologies have potential applications in the investigation of human trafficking cases. DNA and relationship testing may be useful for confirmation of biological relationship claims in immigration, identification of trafficked individuals who are missing persons, and family reunification of displaced individuals after mass disasters and conflicts. As these applications rely on the collection of DNA from non-criminals and potentially vulnerable individuals, questions arise as to how to address the ethical challenges of collection, security, and privacy of collected samples and DNA profiles. We administered a survey targeted to victims' advocates to gain preliminary understanding of perspectives regarding human trafficking definitions, DNA and sex workers, and perceived trust of authorities potentially involved in DNA collection. We asked respondents to consider the use of DNA for investigating adoption fraud, sex trafficking, and post-conflict child soldier cases. We found some key differences in perspectives on defining what qualifies as \"trafficking.\" When we varied terminology between \"sex worker\" and \"sex trafficking victim\" we detected differences in perception on which authorities can be trusted. Respondents were supportive of the hypothetical models proposed to collect DNA. Most were favorable of DNA specimens being controlled by an authority outside of law enforcement. Participants voiced concerns focused on privacy, misuse of DNA samples and data, unintentional harms, data security, and infrastructure. These preliminary data indicate that while there is perceived value in programs to use DNA for investigating cases of human trafficking, these programs may need to consider levels of trust in authorities as their logistics are developed and implemented. ","PeriodicalId":90715,"journal":{"name":"Recent advances in DNA & gene sequences","volume":"8 2","pages":"78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9214651/pdf/nihms-1814027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33060438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0