BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The path of Chile towards the institutionalisation of evidence-based health policy.","authors":"Paula García-Celedón, Deborah Navarro-Rosenblatt, Carolina Ibarra-Castillo, Lucy Kuhn-Barrientos, Cristián Mansilla, Dino Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is health technology assessment value for money? Estimating the return on investment of health technology assessment in India (HTAIn).","authors":"Pankaj Bahuguna, Peter Alan Baker, Andrew Briggs, Sophie Gulliver, Hannah Hesselgreaves, Abha Mehndiratta, Francis Ruiz, Kirti Tyagi, Olivia Wu, Javier Guzman, Eleanor Grieve","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing investment in health technology assessment (HTA) in low-income and middle-income countries has generated greater interest from policy-makers about the value and return on investment (ROI) of HTA. Few studies have, however, quantified the benefits of HTA in terms of its value to the health system. This evaluation aims to quantify the impact and ROI achieved by the HTA agency in India (HTAIn).A framework developed by the University of Glasgow was used to review three 'hta's commissioned by HTAIn between 2018 and 2020, taking into account the opportunity cost of investing in these processes. Costs included fixed costs for HTAIn and costs for undertaking each 'hta'. Attributable benefits are calculated by subtracting the counterfactual (benefits that might have been realised without an HTA) from realised benefits.HTAIn sits under the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. It was set up to facilitate the process of transparent and evidence-informed decision-making in healthcare in India.HTA helps decision-makers to understand the consequences of alternative courses of action and to select the options that produce the best outcomes at the lowest cost. Institutionalisation of HTA is seen as pivotal to supporting universal health coverage as a means of supporting a better allocation of finite resources, cost containment and the maximisation of health.Net health benefits are our measure of value. The ROI of HTAIn is calculated by aggregating attributable benefits and offsetting them against the costs of investment.Our findings show that investing in HTAIn yields a return of 9:1, with potential to increase to 71:1 with full implementation of HTA recommendations. Variability of ROI ranged from 5:1 to 40:1 between the different interventions and diseases.While HTAIn requires financial investment, it is an efficient use of resources. The potential for greater impact and the variability of the ROI between interventions underline the importance of planning for implementation and good topic selection in HTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic effects of non-surgical and non-interventional treatments for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised trials.","authors":"Aidan G Cashin, Bradley M Furlong, Steven J Kamper, Diana De Carvalho, Luciana Ac Machado, Simon Re Davidson, Krystal K Bursey, Christina Abdel Shaheed, Amanda M Hall","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the efficacy of non-surgical and non-interventional treatments for adults with low back pain compared with placebo.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Randomised controlled trials evaluating non-surgical and non-interventional treatments compared with placebo or sham in adults (≥18 years) reporting non-specific low back pain.</p><p><strong>Information sources: </strong>MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to 14 April 2023.</p><p><strong>Risk of bias: </strong>Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using the 0 to 10 PEDro Scale.</p><p><strong>Synthesis of results: </strong>Random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled effects and corresponding 95% confidence intervals on outcome pain intensity (0 to 100 scale) at first assessment post-treatment for each treatment type and by duration of low back pain-(sub)acute (<12 weeks) and chronic (≥12 weeks). Certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment (GRADE) approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 301 trials (377 comparisons) provided data on 56 different treatments or treatment combinations. One treatment for acute low back pain (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)), and five treatments for chronic low back pain (exercise, spinal manipulative therapy, taping, antidepressants, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists) were efficacious; effect sizes were small and of moderate certainty. Three treatments for acute low back pain (exercise, glucocorticoid injections, paracetamol), and two treatments for chronic low back pain (antibiotics, anaesthetics) were not efficacious and are unlikely to be suitable treatment options; moderate certainty evidence. Evidence is inconclusive for remaining treatments due to small samples, imprecision, or low and very low certainty evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current evidence shows that one in 10 non-surgical and non-interventional treatments for low back pain are efficacious, providing only small analgesic effects beyond placebo. The efficacy for the majority of treatments is uncertain due to the limited number of randomised participants and poor study quality. Further high-quality, placebo-controlled trials are warranted to address the remaining uncertainty in treatment efficacy along with greater consideration for placebo-control design of non-surgical and non-interventional treatments.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>OSF Registries; https://osf.io/2dk9z.</p>","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xiangying Ren, Tamara Lotfi, Jiyu Chen, Yuling Lei, Chenyibei Zhou, Wei Zhang, Qiao Huang, Yongbo Wang, Siyu Yan, Shichun Wang, Siyuan Ruan, Wanru Wang, Qiyi Zhang, Xiaomei Yao, Yinghui Jin, Holger J Schuenemann","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to validate the taxonomy and framework using Chinese guidelines and identify actionable statements.</p><p><strong>Design and setting: </strong>We searched five databases, to identify the health guidelines from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2023. Five researchers categorised statements into six types: formal recommendations (Type I) with clear direction and strength, with explicit and direct evidence; good practice statements (GPS) (Type II), actionable in isolation with a significant benefit; remarks (Type III), an inseparable unit belonging to a formal recommendation or GPS that provides additional clarification; research only recommendations (Type IV) for specific populations; implementation considerations, tools and tips (Type V), that describe the how, who, where, what and when, in relation to implementing a recommendation and lacking a direct evidence link; and informal recommendations (Type VI), unrelated to evidence and not meeting GPS criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 116 guidelines, including 74 Western medicine guidelines, 12 traditional Chinese medicine guidelines and 30 integrated Chinese and Western medicine guidelines. 99 guidelines (85.3%) used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. Medical specialty societies developed the highest number of guidelines (53.4%). Of all the statements, 4422 statements were extracted from the guidelines. Among them, 2154 (48.7%) were formal recommendations, 197 (4.4%) were GPS, 394 (8.9%) were remarks, 16 (0.4%) were research only recommendations, 1106 (25.0%) were implementation considerations, tools and tips, and 555 (12.6%) were informal recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Up to date, the Chinese guideline developers tend to overestimate the number of formal recommendations and underestimate the number of GPS, remarks, research only recommendations, implementation considerations, tools and tips, and informal recommendations. Thus the current quality of actionable statements in Chinese health guidelines requires further enhancement.</p>","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing health technology assessment in India: paving the way for sustainable healthcare solutions in developing countries.","authors":"Nicolás Meza, Paula Riganti, Kalipso Chalkidou","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2025-113740","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjebm-2025-113740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded disease definitions in Alzheimer's disease and the new era of disease-modifying drugs.","authors":"Su Jin Yim, Sevil Yasar, Nancy Schoenborn, Eddy Lang","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI in healthcare: an introduction for clinicians.","authors":"Ahmed Maiter, Samer Alabed, Genevera Allen, Fares Alahdab","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112966","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed framework for unifying disease definitions in guideline development.","authors":"Hassan Kawtharany, Muayad Azzam, M Hassan Murad, Rebecca L Morgan, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Shahnaz Sultan, Philipp Dahm, Reem A Mustafa","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efforts towards the institutionalisation of evidence-informed decision-making.","authors":"Laura Boeira, Emily Hayter, Sandy Oliver, Laurenz Mahlanza-Langer, Donald Simeon, Mukdarut Bangpan, Veronica Osorio Calderon, Ludovic Reveiz, Shelly-Ann Hunte, Firmaye Bogale Wolde, Tanja Kuchenmuller","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112962","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-112962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk ratios, odds ratios and the risk difference.","authors":"Rachel Richardson, Afroditi Kanellopoulou, Kerry Dwan","doi":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113088","DOIUrl":"10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9059,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}