Journal of contemporary medical education最新文献

{"title":"Factors influencing the medical students’ overall satisfaction about research training programs offered in Saudi universities:An exploratory study -","authors":"Ahmed Al Kuwaiti","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160521021529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160521021529","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing medical students’ overall satisfaction about research training programs offered in Saudi Universities. Materials and Methods: Medical students [N=207] belonging to seven Saudi universities were the focus of this study. A pre-tested questionnaire tool was used to capture the student responses on a five point Likert scale with respect to three factors viz (i) extent of research activities offered; (ii) involvement of faculty in research and, (iii) infrastructural facilities offered for research. A stepwise regression model was used to predict the overall satisfaction and the other explanatory variables. Results: The students overall satisfaction in research is likely to be influenced by three variables such as the infrastructural facilities offered for research (Coefficient of β is 0.187 and p","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"43 1","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usage of Cholera toxin as a new laxative and purgative drug","authors":"M. R. Gulsen","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160331115903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160331115903","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic constipation is an important health problem which is very frequently observed amongst the population. If the non-drug precautions have failed in the case of idiopathic and functional types of constipation, then laxatives are being used. To make overdose medicine and toxic substances evacuate faster, purgatives are being used. Colon cleansing is a process which is frequently used in medicine. With current drugs it is not always possible to provide perfect cleansing. Especially in colonoscopy, unless the cleansing is perfect, the physician can not evaluate intestines therefore patient should try to be prepared to get colonoscopy again. This also increases the cost of the preparation. These medicines also have side effects that disturb the comfort of the patient. For these reasons, the search for medicines that can effectively cleanse the colon with minimal side effects continues. The idea of mine, using Vibrio cholerae toxin as a medicine, was based on Clostridium botulinum toxin being used commonly in medicine. Cholera toxin is used in different diseases, primarily in vaccination, and began to get positive results. But there are no data about cholera toxin being used as laxative in chronic constipation or as purgative in necessary indications, which were asserted in my hypothesis. According to data in the literature about the toxin, these kinds of applications of cholera toxin are quite possible. Cholera toxin -that can be obtained with currently available techniques- could find itself a place in the market, only after tested as laxative and purgative with correct dosage findings in animals and after in human volunteers. If the outcome is positive then the phase studies would be done. Being easy to be extracted and being effective are giving hope that cholera toxin can be used as a new laxative or purgative drug in future.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"37-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-learning in medical education: problems with research -","authors":"K. Walsh","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20161007103941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20161007103941","url":null,"abstract":"E-learning has become a widely accepted modality in medical education. However whilst there is no question but that the take-up of e-learning continues to grow, there are ongoing questions as to its effectiveness and as to whether or not it can achieve good outcomes for learners. The research has broadly shown that e-learning is no better than traditional forms of education. This suggests that there is a problem with e-learning, or with the research, or perhaps with both. In this short article I look at some of the problems with existing research into e-learning. Perhaps the foremost difficulty of conducting research into e-learning and of analysing and summarising research is the variety of forms of e-learning and the problems of defining these different forms. Another related problem for e-learning research is the pace of change of technology in this field. This pace has continued for the past twenty years and has accelerated in recent years. A third issue is the research methodologies used to evaluate e-learning. There are a variety of different methodologies described in the literature - but this very variety makes it difficult to draw overall conclusions from the research base. A fourth issue is the question of what constitutes “effectiveness” - as proved or disproved by research. A fifth issue is the extent to which research up to now has attempted to evaluate e-learning as an isolated learning activity: this is a problem because we know that it is an artifice. A sixth issue is the reporting of research. A seventh issue relates to the purpose of research - its implementation in routine e-learning practice. Rolling out proven e-learning methodologies requires funding and evidence that e-learning will be cost effective as well as effective. Yet there are few studies that evaluate the cost and value of e-learning.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"132-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and perception of the first year medical students about the team based learning in Anatomy","authors":"B. VijayalakshmiS, Anand Srinivasan, Lubna Nazli, Abdul Waheed Ansari","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160801010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160801010033","url":null,"abstract":"Back ground and Aim: Team based learning (TBL) possibly relies on student centered small group interaction more heavily than any other commonly used instructional strategy. It is being adapted in medical education to implement interactive small group learning. Present study was done to explore the perception and performance about TBL in teaching Anatomy. Materials and Methods: This study involved a group of seventy first year MBBS students of RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah UAE. TBL was conducted in a topic of Anatomy as per the standard protocol that includes pre class study, readiness assurance followed by application of course content by small group discussion. Perception of TBL was determined by administering the eight items questionnaire and performance was analyzed by their scores in individual and group readiness assurance test and in course assessment scores. Result: About 68.5% of students were able to learn and understand the topic effectively through TBL method. 73% students felt, interaction among the group members helped them to understand the course content better. About 62% were of the opinion that the lectures should be replaced with more and more TBL sessions in their teaching methodology. About 65% students were able to score well in the level 2 multiple choice questions in the in course assessment. Conclusion: in conclusion, TBL facilitated the group learning among the first year MBBS students and it can be substituted as one of the important mode of teaching along with other teaching methodologies.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"733 1","pages":"120-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little More than Tobacco, Ethanol, and Drugs (TED): Internal Medicine Residents and #8217; Documentation of Social Histories on an Inpatient Medicine Unit","authors":"Emily Kobin, E. Chow, R. Hebert","doi":"10.5455/jcme.20170119025700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jcme.20170119025700","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Social environments play an important role in patient health. Some educators, however, have recently commented that the social history has been minimized by graduate resident physicians to the documentation of tobacco, ethanol, and drug (TED) use. To our knowledge the last time this subject was formally explored was approximately twenty years ago. We therefore investigated the social histories of inpatient admission notes written by internal medicine residents at one institution from July 2014 through June 2015. Methods: The authors reviewed 153 and 103 admission notes by interns and senior internal medicine residents, respectively. Notes were compared to investigate whether the social history would differ by year of training. Results: The majority of notes contained information about patients’ TED use, i.e., in 91.1%, 91.8%, 77.2% of intern and 94.2%, 93.2%, and 84.5% of senior residents’ social histories. Other documented topics included housing environment (48.1% vs. 79.6%), marital status or children (29.7% vs. 44.7%), and occupation (28.5% vs. 35.0%). Senior residents were more likely to record housing environment and marital status or children than were interns. Other social history topics were recorded very little if at all. Conclusions: Despite the important role social environments play in patients’ health, interns and residents recorded very little of the social history other than TED in their admission notes. The authors believe further investigation is warranted into why residents poorly document social histories and whether the lack of information affects patient care.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining competencies for the development of curriculum of Community Medicine and Family Medicine for undergraduate medicalstudents","authors":"P. Raghav, Dewesh Kumar, P. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160324024006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160324024006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This research was planned to determine the set of competencies for training of undergraduate medical students in the Department of Community Medicine & Family Medicine (CMFM), so that the graduates can develop the skills to perform the expected roles in providing health care to the community. Methods: Different qualitative methods were used for determination of competencies in phases, amongst which the Delphi was the important technique for this study to arrive at a consensus regarding core competencies and skills to be acquired during undergraduate training. Two Delphi rounds were conducted. The experts from different specialties e.g. academicians, consultants, researchers etc were invited to participate through e-mail and data collection was done through this process only.Results: In Delphi I round 46 participants responded and after analysis of Delphi I round, the modified questionnaire was sent to all the Delphi I participants again. In Delphi-II, only 26 participants responded. These responses were considered in the preparation of final lists of competencies and skills. Based on the findings, the consensus was made on the core competencies and skills. Conclusion: The various skills listed in the document will help in developing competency-based curriculum in CMFM which needs to be reviewed time to time as per the requirement.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of peristaltic defect and difficulty swallowing with pace-maker capsule -","authors":"Ayse Ulusoy","doi":"10.5455/jcme.20160107115904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jcme.20160107115904","url":null,"abstract":"There are lot of psychiatric or central illnesses about gastrointestinal system motility deficiency or difficulty of swallowing. Dysphagia is a group of symptoms caused by a combination of different pathologies. The reason could be psychological, neurogenic, mechanic or myogenic. There are 2 types of dysphagia: oropharyngeal or esophageal dysphagia. Lack of nutrients or aspiration may cause complication and this situation may be fatal. Symptomatic treatment of swallowing disorders are very important and they enhance the quality of life. A new method have been proposed for modifying GIS peristalsis. We hypothesized the treatment of peristaltic movement deficiency by electric stimulation. When the gastrointestinal pace-maker capsule is swallowed, it will start electric stimulation while it passes over the lumen. Thus smooth muscles of esophagus will contract. To mimic the movement of esophageal muscle contraction electric stimulation must be rhythmic. It is possible to gain the behavior of swallowing by transcutaneus electric stimulation. Vitalstim therapy gave the most positive results in these patients. With contribution of gastrointestinal pace-maker capsule, a novel and lifesaver method will developed for re-arrangement of peristaltic movement deficiency as bariatric surgery related GIS peristalsis deficiency and particularly anorexia nervosa bulimia. In this presentation, we will talk about existent studies and then predictable projects of the future.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"36-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lupus in Medical Education: Student Awareness of Basic, Clinical, and Interdisciplinary Aspects of Complex Diseases -","authors":"P. Kerezoudis, K. Lontos, A. Apostolopoulou, A. Christofides, A. Banos, Alexandros Letsos, D. Leventis, P. Sidiropoulos, G. Bertsias, M. Bydon, D. Boumpas","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160801010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160801010012","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of our study is to assess the awareness and depth of knowledge of SLE in medical students. By identifying the shortcomings of lupus-related medical education, the results can be generalized to other disease processes that require care from multiple medical specialties. Methods: We surveyed undergraduate medical students in two Greek medical schools using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. Part A assessed the students’ knowledge of SLE regarding the disease epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Part B inquired the students about ways that SLE is currently taught in their medical school and suggested methods to improve it. Students were divided into 2 groups according to their medical school curriculum: the preclinical and the clinical years. Results: A total of 260 students from both universities participated in our study, 114 students in preclinical years and 146 students in clinical years. We identified several misconceptions about the students’ perception of the disease’s epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and prognosis as well as statistically significant differences in the responses between the two groups. In addition, students in both groups stated that they would like a more in-depth understanding of SLE through more extensive hands-on experience with its laboratory investigation, seeing more patients in the wards or patient-actors in the auditoriums, watching educational videos and discussing clinical vignettes during lectures. Conclusions: These findings could potentially guide medical school faculty on modifying the school curriculum in order to prepare the next generation of physicians. In an era of rapidly enlarging biomedical knowledge, having an intimate understanding of complex disease processes is of paramount importance for optimal health care delivery to patients.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Team-based versus ward-based junior doctors: Where do the differences lie? -","authors":"B. Oremule, O. Orekoya, L. Hacking","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20161016115438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20161016115438","url":null,"abstract":"Foundation Year 1 doctors (or pre-registration house officers) are the most junior members on the medical or surgical team. They provide secretarial and clinical services under supervision of more senior clinicians. With the increasing demand on health services in the United Kingdom, employers and educators are searching for ways to maximise their productivity without detriment to their training. One such method was trialled at our Trust. We changed from a team-based system to a ward-based system for Foundation Year 1 doctors on general surgical firms. Following the change we assessed the impact on junior doctor training using qualitative and quantitative methods. We believe that our study and the results will be of great interest to your readers. This project has been presented regionally and nationally and has been met with great interest.","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"135-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of gallic acid against endocrine disrupting damages of Bisphenol A and possible mechanism","authors":"Bekir Nihat Doğrul, Ibrahim Kiliccalan, Ekrem Samet Aşçı","doi":"10.5455/JCME.20160331115900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JCME.20160331115900","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is uncontrolled and/or abnormal cell growth and proliferation as a result of DNA damage. When the normal cells are exposed to DNA damage they try to prevent this damage through various mechanisms. But in cancer, repair mechanisms of the cell are disrupted. Cells grow excessively and abnormally and this threatens the life of organism. There are many factors that lead to carcinogenesis. One of these factors is endocrine disruptors. Endocrine disruptors can damage the body mechanisms to mimic certain hormones in the body. Bisphenol-A (BPA), which is one of the endocrine disrupting substances, is found in many products such as plastic bottles, including primarily packaged foods. Exposure to BPA causes estrogen-mimetic feature which may lead to carcinogenesis through estrogen metabolism in cells. Phenolic compounds are widely present in plants which had beneficial effects on the body, and generally considered as health nutrients for human. We think, the phenolic compounds could have some positive effects on estrogen metabolism against BPA. To demonstrate that; gallic acid –which is a prototype of phenolic compounds-, Bisphenol A and pure estrogen receptor blocker (fulvestrant) were applied to DU-145 (malign prostatic cancer cell) and HGF-1 (human gingival fibroblast cell) cell lines. Fulvestrant was used to detect estrogen receptors related efficacy. We used MTT test to measure the cytotoxicity of chemical substances that we used. Effects of BPA and gallic acid on estrogen metabolism were investigated by Real-Time PCR method. In our study, MTT test showed that the gallic acid decreased the cytotoxicity of BPA in cells. Using fulvestrant in combination with gallic acid or BPA, also changed the percent of cell viability in MTT test, but these changes were negligible amount. Therefore, it could be considered that BPA and gallic acid related effects are not only via estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta. As a result of studies conducted by RT-PCR, we determined that gallic acid and BPA had effects on enzymes of intracellular estrogen metabolism. Fulvestrant caused changes on the effects of gallic acid and BPA. This shows us that the these substances may show their effects via estrogen receptors. One of the most promising results of this study was: gallic acid increased the expression of mRNA expression of GST enzyme which increases detoxification and QR enzyme that decreases the DNA adducts. This showed us gallic acid can also do protective effects to carcinogenic properties as well as endocrine disrupting effects of chemicals like Bisphenol A. Gallic acid also increased the expression of mRNA expression of PARP enzyme in benign cells, but not in malign cells specifically, which is an important step in DNA repair mechanism. We planned a new RT-PCR and Western Blot study in order to determine the possible role of estrogen receptors and estrogen metabolism related enzymes in the mechanism of the preventive effect of phenolic compounds","PeriodicalId":90586,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contemporary medical education","volume":"4 1","pages":"39-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70813050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}