International neuropsychiatric disease journal最新文献

{"title":"Anamnesis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Proposal","authors":"Juliana Jacinto Eduardo, Fabiana Freitas Pereira, Gabriela Macedo Pereira, Natalia Giffoni Lustosa, L. Brunelli, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4381","url":null,"abstract":"In general, mental illnesses take the patient away from the family, making his quality of life lower, and in particular, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is amental morbidity increasing faster in the world. The diagnosis of AD is predominantly clinical with the test of imaging as adjuvant; however, these tests could be difficult to obtain in developing countries. Therefore, anamnesis is the main tool in the diagnosis of AD and must be used efficiently. The propose of this critical review is to indicate a logical and scientific path for clinical procedures in the diagnosis of brain disorders, specifically for AD. Then, a literary search was made, and the subjects of the articles were directed to the descriptors clinical procedures, biochemical analysis and diagnosis. Twenty-three articles were selected, in addition was used a WHO text and two books for the ground of theory, and from that, a discussion was carried out, based on the deductive analysis of the general criteria of the psychiatric diagnosis for the specific ones, and, finally, a heuristic reasoning was associated linking the scientific method to the studied methods. Finally, the psychiatrist's preparation to carry out the anamnesis of the patient with dementia can be added to the current scientific method to make the procedure more accurate in order to avoid possible errors.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45801326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-Anesthetic Dose of Ketamine Improves Cognitive Function and Motor Responses in Wistar Rats","authors":"P. O. Uahomo, V. T. Ibubeleye, Chidi Emmanuel Ezerioha, Oghenefego Michael Adheke","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4380","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cognitive and motor effects of sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ketamine administration under anesthesia on cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats. \u0000Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups of five rats each (n=5): group 1 (normal control), group 2 (1mg/kg ketamine), group 3 (2mg/kg ketamine), group 4 (3mg/kg ketamine) and group 5 (0.5ml/100g celecoxib). Treatment for each group lasted 3 weeks. Rats from each group were subjected to a total of nine (9) trials of cognitive-motor tests, including; the Barnes maze test (memory based on visual scenes), hand grip test (motor response to foreleg strength), rotarod test (coordination ability). The neurobehavioral ability displayed by the animals was recorded and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). \u0000Results: Observations from the cognitive function study showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) from week 1 to week 3. The quality of motor task performance also improved from week 1 to week 3 compared to control and celecoxib-treated groups. \u0000Conclusions: Sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine improved cognitive function and motor responses in Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID Stress Scales: A Cross-sectional Study of its Psychometric Properties among Africans with Chronic, Stable Medical Conditions","authors":"J. Onu, C. B. Nwatu, C. J. Ugwu, N. Mbadiwe, C. Onyeaghala, K. Udeogu, M. Abonyi, E. Young, N. Unaogu, A. Ndukuba, F. Ugwumba, I. Onwuekwe","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4379","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) elicited in various populations, diverse psycho-behavioral responses. The COVID Stress Scales (CSS) was developed and validated in the general population, among US and Canadian adults, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Expectedly, population-specific variations in response are likely, hence, the need to validate psychometrically sound instruments across cultures and diverse populations. \u0000Aim: To determine the factor structure and reliability estimates of the CSS among participants with chronic, stable medical conditions in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. \u0000Methods: The cross-sectional study, involved 1047 consenting adults with chronic, stable medical conditions attending the out-patient specialist clinics of a foremost tertiary hospital in Nigeria. The participants were enrolled consecutively over a four-month period straddling the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CSS was administered to participants who fulfilled the study criteria. Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) using Principal Component Analysis and Oblimin rotation with Kaiser Normalization, was used to extract the factors.  \u0000Results: A six-factor structure emerged: COVID-19-related socio-economic consequences; contamination; xenophobia; traumatic stress; compulsive checking and reassurance seeking; and danger. The internal consistency within items of each domain was acceptable (Cronbach alpha 0.85 and above) and correlation between the domains was moderate to strong. \u0000Conclusion: The CSS maintained a six-factor structure, corresponding to the six scales, among Nigerian participants with chronic, stable medical conditions. It has acceptable reliability estimates and can be used to assess COVID-19-related anxiety in this population. The inter-correlation of the various domains is a strong evidence for the existence of COVID stress syndrome.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49552279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal Effects of the Ethanol on the Encephalon Mass and Neocortex Architecture in Wistar Rat Offspring Submitted to Acute Prenatal Injection [E12] and in vitro Ethanol Effects on Wistar Rat and Human Erythrocytes","authors":"Karolyne Cordeiro-de-Oliveira, T. Abreu, Sylla Figueredo-da-Silva, Ediana Vasconcelos-da-Silva, Raíne Piva-Amaral, Danyelle Silva-Amaral, Micheli Patrícia de Fátima Magri, Rogério Benedito de Brito, Rafael Bretas Vieira, R. C. Rodrigues, Breno Régis Santos, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i4378","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To verify the ethanol effects of the acute injections in pregnant Wistar rats (E12) on the offspring in P8. Additionally, measures of the brain and corporal masses and the stability of erythrocytes were performed in rats and humans. \u0000Study Design:  Histological analysis and a spectrophotometer were used to count neural cells and osmotic fragility in erythrocytes. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The immunohistochemistry study was partially performed at the Federal University of Uberlândia, and at the University of Toyama-Japan, the experiments on the brain, body masses, and stability of erythrocyte membranes in humans were performed from 2012 to 2014. \u0000Methodology: Eighteen pregnant female rats (180-230g) were housed in cages at 22 ± 0.4°C on a 12 h light/dark cycle with free access to food and water. On the 11th day of pregnancy (E12), 12 rats received three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of a 20% ethanol solution (3 g of ethanol/kg of body weight) at 8 hours intervals. \u0000Results: The number of neural cells was lower in rats treated with ethanol than to controls to each lobe and total count in all lobes (P = 0.001). Significant alterations of neocortical tissue in ethanol-treated were observed, as the decrease of brain mass (P = 0.05) in linear regression. The stability of erythrocyte membranes was verified with D50 equal to 0.46 g·dL-1 (± 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: According to this work, the ethanol injection in the rats showed marked brain tissue destruction relative to the control, and ethanol’s effects on erythrocytes indicated that membrane destruction could be one of the causes of brain cell disruption in neural migration.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46307310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Age Gain, Parkinsonism and Pesticides: A Public Health Problem?","authors":"Renata Cristina-Pereira, Kaynara Trevisan, Ediana Vasconcelos-da-Silva, Sylla Figueredo-da-Silva, Micheli Patricia de F. Magri, L. Brunelli, T. Aversi-Ferreira","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3376","url":null,"abstract":"As life expectancy increases worldwide, so does the time available for prolonged exposure to toxic materials in the environment that have the potential to exert gradual pressure, facilitating the onset of aging in the body. \u0000Neural/behavioral alterations are linked to age gain, making the understanding of the aging process more complex considering the high complexity of the neural system and, although neuropsychological, pathological and neuroimaging criteria have been established to differentiate between normal and pathological aging, diagnosing the mild cognitive problems of each elderly individual remains a challenge. \u0000Parkinson's disease is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders in the elderly, whose intrinsic cause is still unknown, but its main molecular basis is the decrease in dopamine produced in the substantia nigra. Studies have suggested that exposure to organophosphate, the glyphosate class, in different organisms, are capable of promoting bodily malformations, neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolic disorders, among others. The effects of pesticides on the environment, associated with their exacerbated permanence in the environment, indicate that more and more people may suffer their deleterious action, which may be the cause of some neurodegenerative disorders. The main objective of this study was to use specific data from the literature on Parkinsonism, correlating it with aging and contamination by pesticides. \u0000In fact, the health risks inherent in the use of pesticides are greater the greater the intensity of exposure to them and, considering the widespread use of pesticides today, the number of poisoning of the human population and animals will increase. Therefore, in terms of literary data, contamination with pesticides may be associated with a public health problem and, therefore, a possible increase in dementia processes, thus Parkinsonism.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44290028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Anxiety and Depression among Parents of Children undergoing Anesthesia and Surgical Operations in a Tertiary Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"A. Aggo, C. Okeafor","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3377","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In spite of pediatric surgical interventions being potentially curative, and the advancement in pediatric anesthesiology, the fear of morbidity and mortality still abounds among parents. Anxiety and depressive symptoms among parents of children undergoing anesthesia and surgery could threaten postoperative recovery. This study therefore assessed the prevalence and factors of preoperative parental anxiety and depression. \u0000Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study comprising of parents whose children were scheduled for surgery at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. Preoperative anxiety and depression were the dependent variables, and were determined based on the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), a validated and reliable tool. Socio-demographic and clinical-related variables comprised the independent variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed at 0.05 significant level. \u0000Results: The study comprised a total of 100 parents whose children were undergoing surgical operations. The prevalence of preoperative parental anxiety and depression were 58.0% (95% CI: 48.3-67.7%) and 49.0% (95% CI:39.2-58.8%) respectively. Prevalence of preoperative parental anxiety was significantly higher among emergency surgeries (100.0%) in comparison to elective surgeries (56.5%) (p-value=0.034). The odds of preoperative parental anxiety was 50% lower with increasing existing number of children (AOR=0.505;95%CI:0.258-0.991). Parental depression had significantly lower odds with administration of general anesthesia (AOR= 0.022; 95%CI:0.001-0.701), and having higher existing number of children (AOR= 0.505; 95%CI:0.258-0.991). \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence rates of preoperative anxiety and depression in the study setting are high. The findings highlight the need for evaluation of parental anxiety and depression pre-operatively especially those with single or lower number of children.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45903698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Non-suicidal Self Injury and Reasons for that Behaviour among Adults and their Coping","authors":"L. Kataria, Rohit Balas, D. Raval, Jahnavi Bhatt, Dharmin Shah","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3375","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Non-Suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is both highly comorbid with suicidality among \u0000adolescents and a significant predictor of suicide attempts (SAs) in adolescents.A broad variety of different functions can underlie acts of Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). \u0000Aims: To study prevalence and characteristics of Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and functional purpose of that behaviour among Adults and their level of coping. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional Analytical study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study is conducted in central medical university, Gujarat, India over a period of 30 days. \u0000Methodology: Study was conducted among students of Central Medical University.195 participants were enrolled by consecutive random sampling. They were given a Google form to fill out Demographic details. The form also has an Inventory for NSSI (ISAS) to assess their NSSI behaviour and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) to assess coping. \u0000Results: Out of 195 participants, prevalence of NSSI behaviour is 49(25.12%).  Among these 20(40.82%) are male & 29(59.18%) are female. Among sociodemographic data type of family is statistically significant(P value- 0.039). Mean age at which participants start self-harming is16.6 ± 2.89 years. During NSSI behaviour 51.02% of participants always feel pain and 16.32% of participants do not feel pain. Prevalence of NSSI behaviour is higher in 3rd or higher birth order (33.33%) compare to 1st(28.31%) and 2nd (19.67%).The most common method of self-harm was cutting (65.3%), followed by banging (61.22%) or hitting self. The most common functional reason for self-harm was affect regulation followed by self-punishment. of participants who are having NSSI behaviour. In this study we found that there is a statistically significant difference between various resilience coping and NSSI behavior.(P- 0.0008). \u0000Conclusion: The most common method of self-harm is cutting and functional purpose for this behavior is affect regulation. Individual with low resilient coping have higher chances of NSSI behavior and similarly high resilient coping is protective for NSSI behavior.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46104326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity and Anxiolytic Activity Screening of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum, Terminalia catappa and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Growing on Terminalia catappa Tree in MIce","authors":"A. M. Umarudeen, M. G. Magaji, F. Khan, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3374","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Hydroalcoholic T. dodoneifolius, B.pinnatum and T. catappa leaf extracts were investigated for their acute toxicity and anxiolytic activities.\u0000Study Design: Acute toxicity (LD50) was determined using the limit dose acute and Anxiolytic activities were assessed by open-field field behavioural testing in mice.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study took place in the Neurobehavioural room of Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in late December 2022.\u0000Methodology: Groups of mice (n=6; equal sexes) were each exposed to the open-field paradigm (OFT) following 1 hour of single oral administration of distilled water, extracts (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and diazepam (0. 5 mg/kg) using the behavioural indices of mean centre zone time (M%CZT), centre zone re-entry (MCZR) and defeaction/urination frequency (MD/UF).\u0000Results: Acute toxicity testing shows that the three extracts are safe with LD50 of 5g/kg. Behavioural results indicate, compared to the distilled water treatment (M%CZT, 6.39±1.53; MCZR, 4.67±1.15, & MU/UF, 4.83±0.75), single acute T. dodoneifolius (M%CZT, 7.50±1.73, 13.72±2.43, & 20.94±3.91*; MCZR, 7.33±0.88, 9.50±0.76, & 11.50±1.6*; MD/UF, 4.17±0.48, 3.17±0.54, & 1.83±0.60*), and B.pinnatum (M%CZT, 9.72±1.91, 9.78±1.32, & 19.67±2.01*; MCZR, 6.00±1.15, 10.50±0.76, & 12.50±1.72*; MD/UF, 3.17±0.79, 2.33±0.42, & 1.33±0.49*) extract treatments demonstrated consistent dose-dependency in their anxiolytic activity across the three parameters with T. catappa extract (M%CZT, 6.95±1.27, 12.17±2.01, & 16.84±1.49*; MCZR, 8.17±1.60, 10.17±1.67, & 10.83±1.96; MD/UF, 2.83±0.60, 2.00±0.73, & 3.67±0.42) exhibiting dose-pendent anxiolytic effect only on the M%CZT. However, at the highest dose level of 500 mg/kg, all plant extract treatments caused anxiolytic effects that are comparable with those of 0.5 mg/kg diazepam treatments (M%CZT, 22.61±1.31*; MCZR, 12.17±1.66*; & MD/UF, 2.62±0.21*).                                                                                                                  \u0000Conclusion: These findings justify the traditional use of these medicinal plant extracts in the remediation of nervous and related disorders.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45901722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self Esteem, Depression and Life Satisfaction among HIV out Patients Receiving Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"Friday E. Okwaraji, G. Onyebueke, Titus C. Okpara","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3373","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate self esteem, depression and life satisfaction in a sample of HIV patients receiving highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART) attending a Nigerian tertiary health institution. \u0000Study Design: The descriptive cross sectional study design was used for the study. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: The study was carried out at the HIV/AIDS clinic of the university of Nigeria teaching hospital Enugu in south east Nigeria between the months of January and February 2023. \u0000Methodology: A total of 480 HIV/AIDS positive patients on HAART aged between 23 to 61 years attending the HIV/AIDS clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching hospital Enugu who consented to participate in the study were assessed for self esteem, life satisfaction and depression with the Rosenberg self esteem scale, the life satisfaction scale by Diener and the Beck’s depression inventory version two. \u0000Results: Results revealed that 53.7% of the HIV patients on HAART manifested no signs of depression; 63.8% had high self esteem and 73.1% were satisfied with their lives; however 25.2%; 15.8% and 5.5% showed signs of mild, moderate and severe depression respectively; 36.2% had low self esteem, whereas 26.9% indicated not being satisfied with their lives. \u0000Conclusion: Following the benefits of HAARTS on the management of HIV/AIDS patients as noticed in the study, there is need for health workers to ensure strict adherence on HAART regimen for optimum suppression of HIV as recommended by The World Health Organization; furthermore, there is need to ensure continuous provision of psychological support to all HIV/AIDS patients as a way of reducing the psychosocial sequelae associated with HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47094582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Pattern and Prevalence of Cannabis Use among Transporters and Associated Road Traffic Accidents","authors":"A. K. Nkporbu, P. Stanley","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i3372","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabis (marijuana), while being prohibited in many countries, is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide (WHO, 1997).  \"Cannabis-impaired driving\" refers to the impairment brought on by 9-tetrahydrocannabinol's (THC) cognitive and psychomotor effects, which have a negative impact on a driver of a motor vehicle after THC ingestion. In contrast, a \"cannabis-positive driver\" is a person who operates a motor vehicle while exhibiting driving impairments due to any measurable THC concentration in blood, oral fluid, or urine. A driver is considered to be \"driving under the influence of cannabis\" (DUIC) if their cognitive or psychomotor abilities are significantly impaired and their blood, oral fluid, or urine contains a specific amount of THC. \u0000Aim: This study aimed at conducting a systematic review of pattern and prevalence of cannabis use among transporters and the associated road traffic accidents. \u0000Design: A systematic review. \u0000Data Sources: Systematic search for worldwide published literature from PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Medline databases. \u0000Study eligibility criteria: These studies provided techniques and/or measurements of the frequency and pattern of cannabis use among transporters and the related traffic incidents. \u0000Data extraction: The first reviewer extracted the data, and the second reviewer verified it. Both reviewers individually critiqued each of the identified papers. Data was extracted from each eligible study (including author, title, year, and study setting) following the Preferred Reporting Items on Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). These data abstraction forms were examined, and studies that satisfied the criteria were added to the meta-analysis. \u0000Findings: Only 10 studies met all of the inclusion criteria out of the 2,251 papers that were recovered after looking at the titles and abstracts (where an abstract was not available, the article was still counted). \u0000Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significance of education, law enforcement, and routine drug testing, reducing bribery among federal prosecutors, and influencing the accessibility of cannabis and other psychiatric substances as assessments for preventing substance cruising and restricting road traffic accidents. It also highlights areas where the study's findings and the scientific literature on risk factors for traffic accidents and preventative measures overlap. To increase acceptance and improve results, it is crucial to incorporate lay perspectives into road safety policies and initiatives.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48948961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}