International neuropsychiatric disease journal最新文献

{"title":"Does Psychoactive Substance Use Affect Academic Performance of Medical Students? A Systematic Review","authors":"A. K. Nkporbu, P. Stanley","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2371","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco is very common among medical students. Problems related to substance usage are currently of concern on a global scale. Despite this, the condition is frequently misdiagnosed because students attempt to conceal their issues and do not seek professional assistance. \u0000Aim: To investigate how drug usage affects medical students' academic performance. \u0000Design: A systematic review. \u0000Data Sources: Systematic search for worldwide published literature from PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and WHOLIS.  \u0000Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies that were part of this review provided information on the methodology, methods, and/or measurements for how drug usage affected medical students' academic performance. \u0000Data Extraction: The researcher further gathered the information from the chosen publications and recorded the following information in a consistent table: (i) publication information (first author's last name, year, and location of study); (ii) the sample size of the report; (iii) the impact of substance abuse on medical students' educational outcomes; (iv) the tool used to measure academic performance; (v) the average age of the sample size; and (vi) the percentage of female and unmarried medical students. \u0000Results: Only 8 studies out of a total of 2,007 papers met all the inclusion criteria. Selection procedure was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA). \u0000Conclusion: Medical students and people who use psychoactive substances become unproductive in their lives. Due to the dearth of longitudinal investigations, understanding the true origins of this situation is challenging. To ensure that students attain the goals of their medical education and contribute to society's demand for more qualified and better trained medical professionals, medical training institutes may need to enact stricter prohibitions on drug use among students. The availability of medicines should be restricted in order to deter medical students from using and misusing them.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44005513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Hippocampus in Borderline Personality Disorder: Structural and Functional Abnormalities","authors":"Owen R. Thornton, Wenjun Li, H. Cole, Isabella Cólon","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2370","url":null,"abstract":"This review article discusses the structural and functional abnormalities observed in the hippocampus of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The hippocampus plays a critical role in regulating emotions and memories, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of BPD. The review summarizes the findings from various studies that have used neuroimaging techniques to investigate the hippocampus in BPD. The results suggest that individuals with BPD exhibit reduced hippocampal volume, altered hippocampal activation patterns, and disrupted connectivity with other brain regions. These abnormalities have been linked to several clinical features of BPD, including emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and unstable self-image. The review also discusses potential mechanisms underlying these abnormalities, such as childhood trauma and chronic stress. Overall, this review highlights the importance of the hippocampus in the etiology of BPD and emphasizes the need for further research to understand its role in this complex disorder fully.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48812296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep in Elite Ultrarunners: A Look into Athlete Health","authors":"Owen R. Thornton","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2369","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review thoroughly examines the current research on sleep in elite ultrarunners. While the importance of sleep for athletes is well-established, the unique challenges that ultrarunners face regarding sleep have not yet been extensively explored. The review delves into the specific sleep patterns, habits, and disorders of ultrarunners, and the impact of sleep on their performance, as well as exploring strategies for improving sleep in this population. By synthesizing the existing literature, this review underscores the importance of sleep for athlete health and performance, particularly in the context of ultrarunning. It fills an important gap in the current research and provides valuable insights for athletes, coaches, and researchers seeking to optimize athletic performance in the context of sleep. In conclusion, optimizing sleep hygiene is essential for athletic performance, including for ultrarunners who face unique physical and mental demands. Healthcare providers and coaches should prioritize efforts to promote healthy sleep habits and identify and treat sleep disorders promptly to optimize athletic performance and prevent injury.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44554338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety & Stress among Medical Students","authors":"L. Kataria, Nisheeth M. Patel, Jahnavi Bhatt, Dharmin Shah, D. Raval","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2368","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To Assess Depressive, Anxiety & Stress related symptoms and their correlation with sociodemographic factors amongst recently enrolled medical students. \u0000Study Design:  Cross sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Recently enrolled 275 Medical students attending University between June 2022 and September 2022. \u0000Methodology: Study conducted among recently enrolled 275 Medical students. After taking their prior informed consent through online form shared through WhatsApp group, they were given to fill online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic factors in English made using PsyToolkit software. It also contains Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), which was used to collect information on depressive, anxiety, and stress related symptoms. \u0000Results: Prevalence of depressive symptoms is 68.4%, anxiety symptoms are 78.2% and stress related symptomsis 33.1% among medical students. Depressive, anxiety and stress related symptoms were statistically significantly associated with peer and family pressure to join study-stream (p-value of <.01 for all three) and history of mental health issues in family (p-value=.01 for all three). In addition, depressive symptoms were statistically significantly associated with poor peer-relationship (p-value=.01) and unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.04); and stress related symptoms was statistically significantly associated with unsatisfaction regarding admission (p-value=.03). \u0000Conclusion: Prevalence of depressive, anxiety & stress related symptoms among recently enrolled medical students are high providing insight into needed improvement of psychological wellbeing in them; which could potentially have a positive impact upon their quality of life & patient care.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42834825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Borderline Personality Disorder and Neuroplasticity: A Review","authors":"Owen R. Thornton, Wenjun Li, H. Cole, Isabella Cólon","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i2367","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a challenging and complex mental health disorder characterized by emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, unstable relationships, and a poor sense of self. Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences, is impaired in individuals with BPD, specifically in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. This impairment has been linked to emotional dysregulation, a core symptom of the disorder. Interventions aimed at improving neuroplasticity hold promise as a treatment target for BPD. Current evidence suggests that psychotherapeutic interventions, such as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), may improve neural plasticity in the brain regions associated with emotional dysregulation and may result in symptom reduction and improved functioning in individuals with BPD. However, much more research is needed to better understand the relationship between neuroplasticity and BPD, as well as to develop more targeted and effective interventions. With continued research in this area, it is hoped that improved understanding of the role of neuroplasticity in BPD will lead to the development of more effective treatments for this challenging disorder.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47785464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Possible Role of Cerebrolysin in Prevention of Hemorrhagic Transformation after Acute Ischemic Stroke","authors":"N. Elsaid, A. Saied","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1366","url":null,"abstract":"Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is one of the most feared challenges in management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) that affects both the treatment plan and the clinical prognosis.  The risk for HT is not monocausal and it is almost impossible to define a single target for prevention of HT. Thus, we consider that it is worthwhile to investigate and review the possible role of Cerebrolysin as a multimodal, pleiotropic neuroprotective and neurotrophic agent in the prevention of HT. Cerebrolysin has been the subject of multiple animal and in vitro studies, the majority of which have yielded encouraging results in terms of pleiotropic and multimodal neuroprotective and neurorestorative activity. \u0000Cerebrolysin has been investigated in multiple clinical trials. Over the past 10 years, among the studies investigating the effect of Cerebrolysin in acute ischemic stroke, 5 studies have reported the extent of hemorrhagic transformation as a part of the outcome. Lower HT rates were reported for Cerebrolysin treated patients versus controls across all studies. Thus, the reported results are consistent across all studies, however, the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance except for one study. \u0000The interpretation of these results is limited by several considerations. Despite these limitations, in the light of the clearly positive clinical results of Cerebrolysin on functional recovery and its favorable safety profile, a dose of 30 ml/day for 10-21 days may be given to reduce the risk of HT. This observation should be confirmed by further large randomized controlled clinical trials with standardization of the HT definition.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49306279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Hope in Alzheimer's Treatment; Lecanemab","authors":"Zainab Zaki Abdulkarim Alkhamis, S. Alfalasi","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1365","url":null,"abstract":"Lecanemab's apparent effectiveness follows years of disillusionment with earlier, comparable medications that were meant to delay or stop the course of Alzheimer's disease. It contains monoclonal antibodies that were created in laboratories with the goal of purging the brain of a material called as beta-amyloid, exactly like a lot of those other medicines. People with Alzheimer's disease tend to have an accumulation of beta-amyloid in their brains, which leads to the development of the sticky plaques that have come to be associated with the condition. As a result of this, the objective of his research paper is to investigate background information about the drug lecanemab. In addition to this, the study offers information regarding the approval procedure for lecanemab, the drug's mode of action, and, lastly, the most recent discoveries.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42555198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Grading System to Assess Female Sexual and Reproductive Psychiatry and Identification of a New Syndrome","authors":"Soham Samajpaty, Gulnaz Minegalievna Ibragimova, A. S. Vlasova","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1364","url":null,"abstract":"Female reproductive and sexual psychiatry is an unexplored arena and little has been done to qualify and quantify the female sexuality and reproductive psychiatry. This work puts forward a systemic quantitative and qualitative study of it. A questionnaire based system termed “Designed Unorganized Random Gynae-psychiatric Assessment” or DURGA was made and used for the purpose. A scale termed as DURGA scale was designed to quantify reproductive behaviour as well. Survey was conducted in Russian population to validate the system and a new syndrome was identified as well. The aim and objective of this research is to understand gynaecological and female sexual psychiatry in depth in correlation with associated psychiatric spectrums. The introduced system as mentioned can be hence used in clinical setup for assessment and by governments to conduct population study and decide national health policy.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47189964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Associated with Sleep Quality of Medical Students in the Eastern Amazon","authors":"Vitor Maués Lopes, I. M. N. Magno, Narelly Araújo Smith, V. Nascimento, V. Lima","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1363","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: An adequate sleep is essential for good mental health. Thus, this study associated the prevalence of the main symptoms of anxiety and depression with sleep quality in medical students at a Brazilian university center, a population frequently affected by these disorders. \u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, with data obtained through online questionnaires answered by medical students, during the year 2022. To assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used, while, to assess the quality of sleep, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). \u0000Results: 229 students participated in the study. Of these, 51% had anxiety symptoms. As for depression, 27,5% had depression symptoms. With regard to sleep quality, 28% had poor sleep quality and 71% good quality. There was a significant association between sleep quality and anxiety and depression symptoms (p<0.001): of the individuals with good sleep quality, 51% had possible and probably anxiety and 21,2% were classified as possible and probably depression. Furthermore, about the students with poor sleep quality: 80% were possible and probably anxious students and 43,8% were possible and probably depressive. \u0000Conclusions: The study documents a statistically significant association between anxiety and depression symptoms and poor sleep quality. Further multicentric analyzes are needed to understand this scenario.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41785934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Experimental Models of Schizophrenia","authors":"B. Naz, Prabhat Singh, Simon Nyarko, Ramzan Ali Banjara","doi":"10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/indj/2023/v19i1362","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease that has a lifetime prevalence of 1% in most of the populations studied. The neuropathology and psychopathology of Schizophrenia are still poorly understood. This is attributed to the paucity of adequate animal models. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the human brain. Consequently, the potency of animal models in Schizophrenia research is limited to certain aspects of the disease. One of the most difficult aspects of modelling Schizophrenia in animals has been the lack of a clear and explicit conceptual framework for this disorder. This review discussed drug-induced animal models of Schizophrenia such as Ketamine (NMDA receptor antagonist), Phencyclidine (NMDA receptor antagonist) etc. It also discussed genetic animal models of Schizophrenia which include but not limited to Schizophrenia susceptibility Genes, Neuregulin-1(NRG1), DAT gene, Zinc finger DHH-type3 containing 8 (ZDHHC8) and Dysbindin. It went further to discuss fetal models Schizophrenia, postweaning social isolation and ended with In-Vitro animal models. The use of animal models to improve understanding of the neurochemical and structural CNS changes that precipitate development of Schizophrenia, rather than a focus on treating the symptoms, is a prerequisite to enable new more effective therapeutic strategies to be developed. Because of the complexity and ambiguity of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the aetiology of schizophrenia, the challenge of developing more reliable predictive animal models of this disorder, most likely through multiple early-life interventions, is still ongoing.","PeriodicalId":90556,"journal":{"name":"International neuropsychiatric disease journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}