{"title":"Monitoring of Aquatic Environments Using Passive Samplers","authors":"L. Chimuka, E. Cukrowska, H. Tutu","doi":"10.2174/1874065000802010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874065000802010001","url":null,"abstract":"A review is given on the development of passive samplers for aquatic environments. Passive samplers that are simple and easy to use and with minimal consumption of organic solvents to desorb the analytes from the trapping media are focused. New developments in quality assurance procedures are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72995938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Huck, N. Heigl, M. Najam-ul-Haq, M. Rainer, R. Vallant, G. Bonn
{"title":"Progress in Silica Chemistry - Determination of Physico-Chemical Parameters via Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy","authors":"C. Huck, N. Heigl, M. Najam-ul-Haq, M. Rainer, R. Vallant, G. Bonn","doi":"10.2174/1874065000701010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874065000701010021","url":null,"abstract":"In analytical chemistry, silica gel plays a pre-dominant role in separation science. It is the most important sta- tionary phase in chromatography and electrophoresis. Separation efficiency is directly dependent on the quality and physical properties of the chromatographic bed. Therefore, methods for the physicochemical characterisation of silica sta- tionary phases have been developed over the past decades to fulfil the necessity of pattern control: Brunnauer Emmet Teller (BET) for determination of surface area, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for pore-size measurement and light-scattering (LS) to evaluate the particle size. Beside that these methods are elaborate and time-consuming and the use of MIP is awkward due to the necessity to ply with poisonous mercury. Therefore, we introduce near-infrared reflection spectroscopy (NIRS) in the fibre-optics mode for a fast (few seconds), easy to handle and highly reproducible new analytical technique to characterise surface area, particle size inm- and po- rosity in lower nm- range. This new analytical NIRS tool is suitable for high sample throughput and therefore aims at high interests in the nano-field. Determination of particle size, porosity and surface area are achieved with a linear correlation coefficient R 2 > 0.98, BIAS < 1.26 � 10 -14 . Beside these advantages, our introduced NIRS approach allows physicochemi-","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72756189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pelizzola, M. Povolo, A. Avalli, B. Bottari, E. Neviani, G. Contarini
{"title":"Study on Lipid Fractions of Streptococcus thermophilus by TLC, GC and GC/MS Techniques","authors":"V. Pelizzola, M. Povolo, A. Avalli, B. Bottari, E. Neviani, G. Contarini","doi":"10.2174/1874065000701010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874065000701010015","url":null,"abstract":"In this research the lipid fraction of two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus was studied. Lipids were ex- tracted by applying Folch method and fractioned by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Fatty acid composition was deter- mined both before TLC, on the total fat extracted, and after TLC on diacylglycerol and apolar fractions. Gas chroma- tographic analysis was performed by using both flame ionization (FID) and mass spectrometer (MS) detector. The main difference between the two strains was the presence of short and medium chain fatty acids in food-born S. thermophilus. Moreover one of the most important bacterial fatty acids, C19 cyclopropane, was detected only in diacylglycerols, which, as reported in literature, are formed transiently as intermediates in the biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids.","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Tools for Monitoring Arsenic in the Environment","authors":"J. Luong, Ehsan Majid, K. Male","doi":"10.2174/1874065000701010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874065000701010007","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic arsenic possesses the highest toxicity threat amongst all its forms found in natural groundwater and its mobility in aquatic systems and in the soil is of great environmental concern. Besides their toxicity to humans, arsenate and arsenite are highly toxic to plants. Arsenic can only be transformed into a less-toxic material and becomes a perma- nent part of the environment. Thus, there is a continuing need for its monitoring at arsenic-containing sites where it occurs naturally at elevated levels. This report reviews technologies with the potential to measure and monitor arsenic in the en- vironment. However, we focus on the modern electrochemical methods of arsenic detection in drinking water. The pros and cons of such techniques are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, ability to detect the chemical states of arsenic, reliability, potential interferences, and ease of operation. In particular, emphasis has been devoted to more recent topics including modern stripping voltammetry, electrode modification, nanomaterials, and biosensors. The necessity for field instrumentation, detection and monitoring has also been addressed.","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74737904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Protein-Conjugated Quantum Dots for Detecting Trypsin and Trypsin Inhibitor Through Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer","authors":"Chi-Wei Liu, Huan‐Tsung Chang","doi":"10.2174/1874065000701010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874065000701010001","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed quantum dot probes for detecting trypsin (Try) and trypsin inhibitor (TI) in aqueous solu- tions through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Green-fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) served as the energy donors and rhodamine isothiocyanate (RITC) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA-RITC) was the acceptor. By simply mixing the two fluorophores, FRET occurred when BSA-RITC bound to the CdTe QDs; as a result, the fluo- rescence intensity of the CdTe QDs at 520 nm decreased, while the fluorescence of RITC at 574 nm increased. When Try was used to digest BSA, the FRET efficiency decreased, allowing the detection of Try at concentrations as low as 110 pM. In the presence of TI, the digestion activity of Try was inhibited. As a result, the fluorescence intensity ratio IF574/IF520 of the QD-BSA-RITC solutions in the presence of a constant amount of Try increased upon increasing the concentration of TI; good linearity (R 2 = 0.99) existed over the range 0.3-5.0 nM. The LOD for TI was 250 pM. This simple and cost- effective probe was applied to determine the level of spiked TI (1.0 nM) in urine samples; the recoveries (95-110%) sug- gested low matrix interference and high sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75857818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Purification of Proteins From Cell-Culture Medium or Cell-Lysate by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Using Cross-Axis Coil Planet Centrifuge.","authors":"Yoichi Shibusawa, Yoichiro Ito","doi":"10.2174/1874065000701010028","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874065000701010028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review describes protein purifications from cell culture medium or cell-lysate by high speed counter-current chromatography using the cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. Purifications were performed using aqueous two phase systems composed of polyethylene glycols and dextrans.</p>","PeriodicalId":90363,"journal":{"name":"The open analytical chemistry journal","volume":"1 ","pages":"28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4211269/pdf/nihms563433.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32783101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}