BMC Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The angiotensin II receptors type 1 and 2 modulate astrocytes and their crosstalk with microglia and neurons in an in vitro model of ischemic stroke.","authors":"Daniel Navin Olschewski, Nilufar Nazarzadeh, Felix Lange, Anna Maria Koenig, Christina Kulka, Jella-Andrea Abraham, Stefan Johannes Blaschke, Rudolf Merkel, Bernd Hoffmann, Gereon Rudolf Fink, Michael Schroeter, Maria Adele Rueger, Sabine Ulrike Vay","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00876-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00876-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type of the central nervous system and are fundamentally involved in homeostasis, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity. This regulatory function of astrocytes on their neighboring cells in the healthy brain is subject of current research. In the ischemic brain we assume disease specific differences in astrocytic acting. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system regulates arterial blood pressure through endothelial cells and perivascular musculature. Moreover, astrocytes express angiotensin II type 1 and 2 receptors. However, their role in astrocytic function has not yet been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that the angiotensin II receptors impact astrocyte function as revealed in an in vitro system mimicking cerebral ischemia. Astrocytes derived from neonatal wistar rats were exposed to telmisartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor-blocker) or PD123319 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor-blocker) under normal conditions (control) or deprivation from oxygen and glucose. Conditioned medium (CM) of astrocytes was harvested to elucidate astrocyte-mediated indirect effects on microglia and cortical neurons.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The blockade of angiotensin II type 1 receptor by telmisartan increased the survival of astrocytes during ischemic conditions in vitro without affecting their proliferation rate or disturbing their expression of S100A10, a marker of activation. The inhibition of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor pathway by PD123319 resulted in both increased expression of S100A10 and proliferation rate. The CM of telmisartan-treated astrocytes reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators with simultaneous increase of anti-inflammatory markers in microglia. Increased neuronal activity was observed after treatment of neurons with CM of telmisartan- as well as PD123319-stimulated astrocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data show that angiotensin II receptors have functional relevance for astrocytes that differs in healthy and ischemic conditions and effects surrounding microglia and neuronal activity via secretory signals. Above that, this work emphasizes the strong interference of the different cells in the CNS and that targeting astrocytes might serve as a therapeutic strategy to influence the acting of glia-neuronal network in de- and regenerative context.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11202395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141455222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes mellitus and risk of incident dementia in APOE ɛ4 carriers: an updated meta-analysis.","authors":"Ava Rashtchian, Mohammad Hossein Etemadi, Elham Asadi, Sara Binaei, Mina Abbasi, Maedeh Bayani, Erfan Izadi, Sayedeh-Fatemeh Sadat-Madani, Mahdyieh Naziri, Sahar Khoshravesh, Mahsa Shirani, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Niloofar Deravi","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00878-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00878-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Diabetes raises the risk of dementia, mortality, and cognitive decline in the elderly, potentially because of hereditary variables such as APOE. In this study, we aim to evaluate Diabetes mellitus and the risk of incident dementia in APOE ɛ4 carriers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We thoroughly searched PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for related articles up to September 2023. The titles, abstracts, and full texts of articles were reviewed; data were extracted and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This meta-analysis included nine cohorts and seven cross-sectional articles with a total of 42,390 population. The study found that APOE ɛ4 carriers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) had a 48% higher risk of developing dementia compared to non-diabetic carriers (Hazard Ratio;1.48, 95%CI1.36-1.60). The frequency of dementia was 3 in 10 people (frequency: 0.3; 95%CI (0.15-0.48). No significant heterogeneity was observed. Egger's test, which we performed, revealed no indication of publication bias among the included articles (p = 0.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, diabetes increases the risk of dementia, but further large-scale studies are still required to support the results of current research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11201872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism spectrum disorders detection based on multi-task transformer neural network.","authors":"Le Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yun Long, Xin Zhang, Hexing Su, Yong Yu, Jin Hong","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00870-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00870-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that cause people difficulties in social interaction and communication. Identifying ASD patients based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data is a promising diagnostic tool, but challenging due to the complex and unclear etiology of autism. And it is difficult to effectively identify ASD patients with a single data source (single task). Therefore, to address this challenge, we propose a novel multi-task learning framework for ASD identification based on rs-fMRI data, which can leverage useful information from multiple related tasks to improve the generalization performance of the model. Meanwhile, we adopt an attention mechanism to extract ASD-related features from each rs-fMRI dataset, which can enhance the feature representation and interpretability of the model. The results show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This work provides a new perspective and solution for ASD identification based on rs-fMRI data using multi-task learning. It also demonstrates the potential and value of machine learning for advancing neuroscience research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11177385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141316699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated glioblastoma patient classification using hypoxia levels measured through magnetic resonance images.","authors":"Mohammad Amin Shahram, Hosein Azimian, Bita Abbasi, Zohreh Ganji, Zahra Khandan Khadem-Reza, Elham Khakshour, Hoda Zare","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00871-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00871-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The challenge of treating Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors is due to various mechanisms that make the tumor resistant to radiation therapy. One of these mechanisms is hypoxia, and therefore, determining the level of hypoxia can improve treatment planning and initial evaluation of its effectiveness in GBM. This study aimed to design an intelligent system to classify glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia levels obtained from magnetic resonance images with the help of an artificial neural network (ANN).</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>MR images and PET measurements were available for this study. MR images were downloaded from the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database to classify glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia. The images in this database were prepared from 27 patients with glioblastoma on T1W + Gd, T2W-FLAIR, and T2W. Our designed algorithm includes various parts of pre-processing, tumor segmentation, feature extraction from images, and matching these features with quantitative parameters related to hypoxia in PET images. The system's performance is evaluated by categorizing glioblastoma patients based on hypoxia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of classification with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm were as follows: the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were obtained at 86.71, 85.99 and 83.17%, respectively. The best specificity was related to the T2W-EDEMA image with the tumor to blood ratio (TBR) as a hypoxia parameter. T1W-NECROSIS image with the TBR parameter also showed the highest sensitivity and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the present study can be used in clinical procedures before treating glioblastoma patients. Among these treatment approaches, we can mention the radiotherapy treatment design and the prescription of effective drugs for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141092452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central nervous system anomalies in 41 Chinese children incontinentia pigmenti.","authors":"Li Yin, Zhengyuan Li, Wenjuan Zhan, Yuanjie Kang, Qian Tian, Dan Li, Huifang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00872-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00872-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia caused by a defect in the IKBKG gene. The pathogenesis of central nervous system injury is believed to be related to microvascular ischemia. Currently, few treatment strategies are available for the inflammatory phase.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective descriptive analysis included the clinical data of 41 children with IP collected from 2007 to 2021 in Xi'an, China, comprising clinical characteristics, imaging findings, blood cell analysis, skin histopathology, and genetic data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen children (34%) aged 4 days to 5 months exhibited clinical signs and symptoms, including convulsions, delayed psychomotor development following neurological damage, and revealed significant MRI abnormalities, including ischemia, hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, hemorrhage, encephalomalacia, and cerebral atrophy. Eight of the 24 patients (33%) presented with retinal vascular tortuosity and telangiectasis, accompanied by neovascularization and hemorrhage. Thirty-eight children (93%) had elevated eosinophils (mean: 3.63 ± 4.46 × 10⁹), and 28 children (68%) had significantly elevated platelets (mean: 420.16 ± 179.43 × 10⁹). Histopathology of skin revealed microvascular extravasation and vasodilation with perivascular and intravascular eosinophilic infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brain injury in IP occurs during infancy until 5 months of age, which is also the acute dermatitis phase accompanied by eosinophilia and an increased platelet count. This study provides evidence of microvascular damage to the skin and fundus during the inflammatory phase. The mechanism of microvascular damage may be similar to that in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11110290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing dysregulations via cell-cell communications in Alzheimer's brains using single-cell transcriptomes.","authors":"Che Yu Lee, Dylan Riffle, Yifeng Xiong, Nadia Momtaz, Yutong Lei, Joseph M Pariser, Diptanshu Sikdar, Ahyeon Hwang, Ziheng Duan, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00867-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00867-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting 44 million people worldwide, leading to cognitive decline, memory loss, and significant impairment in daily functioning. The recent single-cell sequencing technology has revolutionized genetic and genomic resolution by enabling scientists to explore the diversity of gene expression patterns at the finest resolution. Most existing studies have solely focused on molecular perturbations within each cell, but cells live in microenvironments rather than in isolated entities. Here, we leveraged the large-scale and publicly available single-nucleus RNA sequencing in the human prefrontal cortex to investigate cell-to-cell communication in healthy brains and their perturbations in AD. We uniformly processed the snRNA-seq with strict QCs and labeled canonical cell types consistent with the definitions from the BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network. From ligand and receptor gene expression, we built a high-confidence cell-to-cell communication network to investigate signaling differences between AD and healthy brains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Specifically, we first performed broad communication pattern analyses to highlight that biologically related cell types in normal brains rely on largely overlapping signaling networks and that the AD brain exhibits the irregular inter-mixing of cell types and signaling pathways. Secondly, we performed a more focused cell-type-centric analysis and found that excitatory neurons in AD have significantly increased their communications to inhibitory neurons, while inhibitory neurons and other non-neuronal cells globally decreased theirs to all cells. Then, we delved deeper with a signaling-centric view, showing that canonical signaling pathways CSF, TGFβ, and CX3C are significantly dysregulated in their signaling to the cell type microglia/PVM and from endothelial to neuronal cells for the WNT pathway. Finally, after extracting 23 known AD risk genes, our intracellular communication analysis revealed a strong connection of extracellular ligand genes APP, APOE, and PSEN1 to intracellular AD risk genes TREM2, ABCA1, and APP in the communication from astrocytes and microglia to neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, with the novel advances in single-cell sequencing technologies, we show that cellular signaling is regulated in a cell-type-specific manner and that improper regulation of extracellular signaling genes is linked to intracellular risk genes, giving the mechanistic intra- and inter-cellular picture of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new era in cognitive neuroscience: the tidal wave of artificial intelligence (AI).","authors":"Zhiyi Chen, Ali Yadollahpour","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00869-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00869-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Translating artificial intelligence techniques into the realm of cognitive neuroscience holds promise for significant breakthroughs in our ability to probe the intrinsic mechanisms of the brain. The recent unprecedented development of robust AI models is changing how and what we understand about the brain. In this Editorial, we invite contributions for a BMC Neuroscience Collection on \"AI and Cognitive Neuroscience\".</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11075265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of light processing in the habenula and dorsal raphe based on laser ablation of functionally-defined cells","authors":"Ruey-Kuang Cheng, N. Suhas Jagannathan, Ahmad Ismat Kathrada, Suresh Jesuthasan, Lisa Tucker-Kellogg","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00866-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00866-z","url":null,"abstract":"The habenula is a major regulator of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe, and thus of brain state. The functional connectivity between these regions is incompletely characterized. Here, we use the ability of changes in irradiance to trigger reproducible changes in activity in the habenula and dorsal raphe of zebrafish larvae, combined with two-photon laser ablation of specific neurons, to establish causal relationships. Neurons in the habenula can show an excitatory response to the onset or offset of light, while neurons in the anterior dorsal raphe display an inhibitory response to light, as assessed by calcium imaging. The raphe response changed in a complex way following ablations in the dorsal habenula (dHb) and ventral habenula (vHb). After ablation of the ON cells in the vHb (V-ON), the raphe displayed no response to light. After ablation of the OFF cells in the vHb (V-OFF), the raphe displayed an excitatory response to darkness. After ablation of the ON cells in the dHb (D-ON), the raphe displayed an excitatory response to light. We sought to develop in silico models that could recapitulate the response of raphe neurons as a function of the ON and OFF cells of the habenula. Early attempts at mechanistic modeling using ordinary differential equation (ODE) failed to capture observed raphe responses accurately. However, a simple two-layer fully connected neural network (NN) model was successful at recapitulating the diversity of observed phenotypes with root-mean-squared error values ranging from 0.012 to 0.043. The NN model also estimated the raphe response to ablation of D-off cells, which can be verified via future experiments. Lesioning specific cells in different regions of habenula led to qualitatively different responses to light in the dorsal raphe. A simple neural network is capable of mimicking experimental observations. This work illustrates the ability of computational modeling to integrate complex observations into a simple compact formalism for generating testable hypotheses, and for guiding the design of biological experiments.","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of multi-colour light filtering glasses on human brain wave activity","authors":"Katherine Boere, Olave E. Krigolson","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00865-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-024-00865-0","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of electronic screens in modern society has significantly increased our exposure to high-energy blue and violet light wavelengths. Accumulating evidence links this exposure to adverse visual and cognitive effects and sleep disturbances. To mitigate these effects, the optical industry has introduced a variety of filtering glasses. However, the scientific validation of these glasses has often been based on subjective reports and a narrow range of objective measures, casting doubt on their true efficacy. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain wave activity to evaluate the effects of glasses that filter multiple wavelengths (blue, violet, indigo, and green) on human brain activity. Our results demonstrate that wearing these multi-colour light filtering glasses significantly reduces beta wave power (13–30 Hz) compared to control or no glasses. Prior research has associated a reduction in beta power with the calming of heightened mental states, such as anxiety. As such, our results suggest that wearing glasses such as the ones used in this study may also positively change mental states, for instance, by promoting relaxation. This investigation is innovative in applying neuroimaging techniques to confirm that light-filtering glasses can induce measurable changes in brain activity.","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of early mobilisation (< 14 days) on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Natalie Gray, Junaid Shaikh, Alison Cowley, Vicky Goosey-Tolfrey, Pip Logan, Nasir Quraishi, Vicky Booth","doi":"10.1186/s12868-024-00862-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12868-024-00862-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The optimum time to mobilise (standing, walking) following spinal cord injury (SCI) is unknown but may have implications for patient outcomes. There are no high-quality experimental studies that examine this issue, with a paucity of guidance for clinicians. Pre-clinical studies lead research in this field and can contribute to knowledge and support future clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>to evaluate the effect of early compared to no mobilisation on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching pre-clinical literature in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and EThOS (June 2023). Studies were included of any research method giving numerical results comparing pathophysiological and functional outcomes in rats and mice mobilised within 14-days of induced SCI to those that did not mobilise. Data were synthesised using random-effects meta-analyses. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the CAMARADES checklist. The certainty of findings was reported using the GRADE approach. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023437494).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes found that Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor levels were greater in those that initiated mobilisation within 14-days of SCI compared to the groups that did not. Mobilisation initiated within 14-days of SCI was also associated with statistically significant functional gains: (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating score (BBB) = 2.13(0-21), CI 1.43, 2.84, Ladder Rung Walking Task = - 12.38(0-100), CI 20.01, - 4.76). Meta-analysis identified the greatest functional gains when mobilisation was initiated within 3 days of SCI (BBB = 3.00, CI 2.31-3.69, p < 0.001), or when delivered at low intensity (BBB = 2.88, CI 2.03-3.70, p < 0.001). Confidence in the findings from this review was low to moderate due to the risk of bias and mixed methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobilisation instigated within 14-days of injury, may be an effective way of improving functional outcomes in animal models following SCI, with delays potentially detrimental to recovery. Outcomes from this study support further research in this field to guide future clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9031,"journal":{"name":"BMC Neuroscience","volume":"25 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}