Regeneration (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"High throughput measurement of metabolism in planarians reveals activation of glycolysis during regeneration.","authors":"Edie A Osuma, Daniel W Riggs, Andrew A Gibb, Bradford G Hill","doi":"10.1002/reg2.95","DOIUrl":"10.1002/reg2.95","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Planarians are outstanding models for studying mechanisms of regeneration; however, there are few methods to measure changes in their metabolism. Examining metabolism in planarians is important because the regenerative process is dependent on numerous integrated metabolic pathways, which provide the energy required for tissue repair as well as the ability to synthesize the cellular building blocks needed to form new tissue. Therefore, we standardized an extracellular flux analysis method to measure mitochondrial and glycolytic activity in live planarians during normal growth as well as during regeneration. Small, uninjured planarians showed higher rates of oxygen consumption compared with large planarians, with no difference in glycolytic activity; however, glycolysis increased during planarian regeneration. Exposure of planarians to koningic acid, a specific inhibitor of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, completely abolished extracellular acidification with little effect on oxygen consumption, which suggests that the majority of glucose catabolized in planarians is fated for aerobic glycolysis. These studies describe a useful method for measuring respiration and glycolysis in planarians and provide data implicating changes in glucose metabolism in the regenerative response.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5911454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36066124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration.","authors":"David L Stocum","doi":"10.1002/reg2.92","DOIUrl":"10.1002/reg2.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self-organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation into the cellular origins of posterior regeneration in the annelid <i>Capitella teleta</i>.","authors":"Danielle M de Jong, Elaine C Seaver","doi":"10.1002/reg2.94","DOIUrl":"10.1002/reg2.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many animals can regenerate, although there is great diversity in regenerative capabilities. A major question in regenerative biology is determining the cellular source of newly formed tissue. The polychaete annelid, <i>Capitella teleta</i>, can regenerate posterior segments following transverse amputation. However, the source, behavior and molecular characteristics of the cells that form new tissue during regeneration are largely unknown. Using an indirect cell tracking method involving 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, we show that cell migration occurs during <i>C. teleta</i> posterior regeneration. Expression of the multipotency/germ line marker <i>CapI-vasa</i> led us to hypothesize that stem cells originate from a multipotent progenitor cell (MPC) cluster, migrate through the coelomic cavity, and contribute to regeneration of tissue. We show that the capacity for posterior regeneration and segment formation is greater with than without the MPC cluster. Finally, we propose a working model of posterior regeneration in <i>C. teleta</i>. This work is the first in <i>C. teleta</i> that addresses the potential source of cells contributing to posterior regeneration, and may provide clues as to why some animals are highly successful regenerators.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5911572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36066122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb regeneration in a direct-developing terrestrial salamander, <i>Bolitoglossa ramosi</i> (Caudata: Plethodontidae): Limb regeneration in plethodontid salamanders.","authors":"Claudia Marcela Arenas Gómez,&nbsp;Andrea Gómez Molina,&nbsp;Juliana D Zapata,&nbsp;Jean Paul Delgado","doi":"10.1002/reg2.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/reg2.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appendage regeneration is one of the most compelling phenomena in regenerative biology and is extensively studied in axolotls and newts. However, the regenerative capacity in other families of salamanders remains poorly described. Here we characterize the limb regeneration process in <i>Bolitoglossa ramosi</i>, a direct-developing terrestrial salamander of the plethodontid family. We (1) describe the major morphological features at different stages of limb regeneration, (2) show that appendage regeneration in a terrestrial salamander varies from other amphibians and (3) show that limb regeneration in this species is considerably slower than in axolotls and newts (95 days post-amputation for complete regeneration) despite having a significantly smaller genome size than axolotls or newts.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/reg2.93","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis.","authors":"Anneke Horstman,&nbsp;Marian Bemer,&nbsp;Kim Boutilier","doi":"10.1002/reg2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/reg2.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo- and meristem-expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin-modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone- and transcription-factor-induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo-inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/reg2.91","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolarity in planarians is not induced by space travel.","authors":"Ronald Sluys, Giacinta A Stocchino","doi":"10.1002/reg2.90","DOIUrl":"10.1002/reg2.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Available evidence strongly suggests that alternative, Earth-bound explanations should be sought first for the occurrence of a single bipolar planarian flatworm returning from space travel. Double-headed worms have been amply documented as arising under experimental conditions as well as spontaneously in stock cultures of planarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space travel has effects on planarian regeneration that cannot be explained by a null hypothesis.","authors":"Michael Levin,&nbsp;Junji Morokuma,&nbsp;Joshua Finkelstein","doi":"10.1002/reg2.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/reg2.89","url":null,"abstract":"We thank the editors of Regeneration for the opportunity to respond to the letter by Sluys and Stocchino (2017) (S&S), who take issue with our report of observations (Morokuma, Durant, & Williams, 2017) on planaria that spent several weeks aboard the International Space Station (ISS), in comparison with controls that stayed (similarly sealed) on Earth. First, we give a brief review of what we did and did not claim in the original study. Our paper describes what we observed in the “spaceexposed” animals upon return to Earth.We saw significant differences in behavior, water metabolite content, and microbiome composition. Moreover, one of the animals came back as a biaxial heteromorphosis (having heads on both ends of the main body axis). We did not claim to have determined which of the many aspects of the space travel experience (loss of gravitational field, reduced geomagnetic field, effects of highG-force or vibration during take-off and splashdown, etc.) induced these marked changes, nor did we claim to have identified the molecular mechanism by which the changes were induced. We were clear that this is (necessarily, given the logistics of space flight) a small pilot experiment and that many future experiments will be necessary to mechanistically understand the processes by which space travel interacts with biological systems. At the same time, our study reveals clear, statistically significant differences between space-exposed and Earthbound controls, which cannot be swept under the rugwithout rigorous argument. We now summarize the facts regarding the double-headed worm phenotype, which is the focus of S&S's critique. As far as we can tell, the argument by S&S is as stated at the end of their Abstract: “Double-headedworms have been amply documented as arising under experimental conditions as well as spontaneously in stock cultures of planarians.” The first part is a non-sequitur: certainly there are other experimental treatments that can cause the same phenotypeour laboratory showed that treating Dugesia japonica with gap junction blockers generates double-headed worms (Nogi & Levin, 2005; Oviedo, Morokuma, & Walentek, 2010). As we hope is clear from the text of our paper, we never claimed space travel to be the only way to induce double-headed worms or that double-headed worms had never been observed before. Regardless of the fact that a few other treatments can also induce this phenotype, such treatments were not present on the ISS and are quite irrelevant here. Moreover, the claim that double-headed worms arise spontaneously in stock cultures is misleading. Whilst a double-headed worm could form spontaneously, this is an extremely rare event; surely S&S are not suggesting that,","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/reg2.89","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired caudal fin-fold regeneration in zebrafish deficient for the tumor suppressor Pten.","authors":"Alexander James Hale, Ali Kiai, Jelte Sikkens, Jeroen den Hertog","doi":"10.1002/reg2.88","DOIUrl":"10.1002/reg2.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zebrafish are able to completely regrow their caudal fin-folds after amputation. Following injury, wound healing occurs, followed by the formation of a blastema, which produces cells to replace the lost tissue in the final phase of regenerative outgrowth. Here we show that, surprisingly, the phosphatase and tumor suppressor Pten, an antagonist of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, is required for zebrafish caudal fin-fold regeneration. We found that homozygous knock-out mutant (<i>ptena^-/-ptenb^-/-</i> ) zebrafish embryos, lacking functional Pten, did not regenerate their caudal fin-folds. AKT phosphorylation was enhanced, which is consistent with the function of Pten. Reexpression of Pten, but not catalytically inactive mutant Pten-C124S, rescued regeneration, as did pharmacological inhibition of PI3K. Blastema formation, determined by in situ hybridization for the blastema marker <i>junbb</i>, appeared normal upon caudal fin-fold amputation of <i>ptena^-/-ptenb^-/-</i> zebrafish embryos. Whole-mount immunohistochemistry using specific markers indicated that proliferation was arrested in embryos lacking functional Pten, and that apoptosis was enhanced. Together, these results suggest a critical role for Pten by limiting PI3K signaling during the regenerative outgrowth phase of zebrafish caudal fin-fold regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5743786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35707472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish heart regeneration: 15 years of discoveries.","authors":"Juan Manuel González-Rosa,&nbsp;Caroline E Burns,&nbsp;C Geoffrey Burns","doi":"10.1002/reg2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/reg2.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Compared to other organs such as the liver, the adult human heart lacks the capacity to regenerate on a macroscopic scale after injury. As a result, myocardial infarctions are responsible for approximately half of all cardiovascular related deaths. In contrast, the zebrafish heart regenerates efficiently upon injury through robust myocardial proliferation. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms that underlie the zebrafish heart's endogenous regenerative capacity represents an exciting avenue to identify novel therapeutic strategies for inducing regeneration of the human heart. This review provides a historical overview of adult zebrafish heart regeneration. We summarize 15 years of research, with a special focus on recent developments from this fascinating field. We discuss experimental findings that address fundamental questions of regeneration research. What is the origin of regenerated muscle? How is regeneration controlled from a genetic and molecular perspective? How do different cell types interact to achieve organ regeneration? Understanding natural models of heart regeneration will bring us closer to answering the ultimate question: how can we stimulate myocardial regeneration in humans?</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/reg2.83","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35473663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent regeneration-competent cells adopt a common mechanism for callus initiation in angiosperms.","authors":"Bo Hu,&nbsp;Guifang Zhang,&nbsp;Wu Liu,&nbsp;Jianmin Shi,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Meifang Qi,&nbsp;Jiqin Li,&nbsp;Peng Qin,&nbsp;Ying Ruan,&nbsp;Hai Huang,&nbsp;Yijing Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Xu","doi":"10.1002/reg2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/reg2.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In tissue culture, the formation of callus from detached explants is a key step in plant regeneration; however, the regenerative abilities in different species are variable. While nearly all parts of organs of the dicot <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> are ready for callus formation, mature regions of organs in monocot rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) and other cereals are extremely unresponsive to tissue culture. Whether there is a common molecular mechanism beyond these different regenerative phenomena is unclear. Here we show that the <i>Arabidopsis</i> and rice use different regeneration-competent cells to initiate callus, whereas the cells all adopt <i>WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 11</i> (<i>WOX11</i>) and <i>WOX5</i> during cell fate transition. Different from <i>Arabidopsis</i> which maintains regeneration-competent cells in mature organs, rice exhausts those cells during organ maturation, resulting in regenerative inability in mature organs. Our study not only explains this old perplexity in agricultural biotechnology, but also provides common molecular markers for tissue culture of different angiosperm species.</p>","PeriodicalId":90316,"journal":{"name":"Regeneration (Oxford, England)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/reg2.82","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35470593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}