BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the efficacy of intranasal oxytocin (OXT) for anxiety and stress-related disorders through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study: a systematic review.","authors":"Reza Moshfeghinia, Erfan Sanaei, Kiarash Kavari, Amir Mohammad Barzegari, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzadeh, Melika Arab Bafrani, Adrina Habibzadeh, Mahsa Boroon, Mohammadreza Shalbafan","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00996-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00996-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the impact of streptozotocin on diabetic male infertility: perspectives from rodent models and pharmacological networking.","authors":"Muhammad Arif Asghar, Lu Li, Jing Wu, Guojiang Zhang, Rui Xiao, Shixin Tang, Bing Wan, Xiao Zhang, Qinjian Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00998-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00998-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12512265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145257153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenofibrate alleviates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by enhancing renal fatty acid oxidation.","authors":"Siyao Zeng, Jingkai Wang, Chumming Guan, Zhipeng Yao, Yu Zhang, Yue Li, Junbo Zheng, Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00997-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00997-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term administration of hydrocortisone: down-regulating the level of cytokine and resulting in injuring testicular tissue of juvenile mice.","authors":"Xiaoyi Zhang, Junhua Zhou, Yifan Yang, Yaonan Wang, Shurui Zhao, Jianhui Wu, Ming Zhao, Shiqi Peng","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-01000-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-01000-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As an important glucocorticosteroid hydrocortisone has been widely used in clinical practice. Even though a series of side effects induced by long-term administration of hydrocortisone are known, but side effects related to testicular injury of juvenile mice are still unknown. Here we explored the damage of the testicular tissue of male juvenile mice induced by long-term administration of hydrocortisone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To damage the testicle, male ICR juvenile mice were orally given hydrocortisone (69 µmol/kg/day, once a day for 16 consecutive days) for establishing mouse testicular injury model. To get normal testicle, male ICR mice were orally given CMC-Na (10 mL/kg/day, once a day, for 16 consecutive days). The morphological change was shown by the testicular interstitium and seminiferous tubules, as well as the number of the spermatogenic cells. To get insight into the potential mechanism of damaging testicular tissue the level of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α of the corresponding samples were tested by ELISA experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long-term use of hydrocortisone resulted in a number of changes, such as the damage of testicular tissue, the decreasing of the number of spermatogonia in all three phases, a selective effect on spermatocytes in proliferative phase only, the decreasing of the number of sperm cells in all three phases, the down regulation of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-ɑ both in the serum and testicular tissue of male juvenile mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hydrocortisone is widely used to treat a series of diseases clinically, and some side reactions are well known. To the best of our knowledge, testicular injury for male juvenile mice was a newly founded side reaction caused by long-term administration of hydrocortisone. Moreover, the decrease of serum level of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-ɑ could be the molecular mechanism, and may be used as potential biomarker to monitor the progression of testicular injury for male adolescent patients of receiving long-term hydrocortisone. Avoiding testicular damage is crucial for male adolescent patients receiving hydrocortisone, and the finding is of importance for improving the clinical applications of hydrocortisone.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioequivalence evaluation of generic febuxostat versus Feburic^® in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized crossover study.","authors":"Fengling Wang, Xi Ye, Fan Li, Hulin Kong, Minjie Liao, Min Kan, Juxiang Zhuang, Angeng Wang, Xiangyun Meng","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-01001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-01001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Febuxostat, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is a first-line treatment for gout with hyperuricemia. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence, safety profile, and food effects of a generic febuxostat formulation compared to the reference product (Feburic^®) in healthy Chinese volunteers PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized, open-label, two-sequence, two-period crossover trial, 80 participants (74 males, 6 females) received single 40 mg doses of both test and reference formulations under fasting and fed conditions, separated by a 7-day washout. Plasma concentrations were quantified using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Primary endpoints included peak plasma concentration (C_max), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last time quantifiable time point (AUC_0-t), and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC_0-∞), with bioequivalence determined using 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for geometric mean ratios (GMRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 90% CIs for GMRs fell within the 80-125% bioequivalence range (fasting: AUC_0-t 99.08-104.28%, AUC_0-∞ 98.73-103.84%, C_max 92.87-112.14%; fed: AUC_0-t 101.16-106.21%, AUC_0-∞ 101.13-105.94%, C_max 91.72-105.07%). High-fat meals delayed T_max by 0.67 h and Tlag by 0.37 h (p < 0.05) while reducing systemic exposure (C_max by ~ 35%, AUC_0-∞ by ~ 12%; all p < 0.05). Adverse event incidence was 12.8% (fasting) and 25.0% (fed), with no serious adverse events reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The generic febuxostat formulation demonstrated PK equivalence to Feburic^® under both fasting and fed conditions, with comparable safety profiles. The observed food effects, while statistically significant, support flexible administration without meal restrictions, meeting pharmacokinetic criteria for consideration as a therapeutic alternative in gout management.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This study was prospectively registered (Registration No. CTR20233483; First Public Release Date: 1 November 2023) in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Platform ( http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn ), a registry recognized by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). The trial was conducted from 28 November 2023 to 26 December 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive effects of crocin and meloxicam on morphine withdrawal symptoms in mice: behavioral and biochemical insights.","authors":"Tahereh Eteraf-Oskouei, Adel Mahmoudi Gharehbaba, Sarah Majidpour, Bohloul Habibi Asl","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00999-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00999-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of opioid-induced dependency is associated with several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, increase in inflammatory cytokines, and the activation of the glutamatergic system. This study investigates the effects of crocin, a bioactive compound from saffron, and meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on morphine withdrawal symptoms in male albino mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten groups, each consisting of nine mice, were randomly assigned to receive different treatments once daily for four days. On the fourth day, to assess the impact of the drugs on morphine dependency, naloxone was administered two hours after the final morphine injection. Withdrawal symptoms, specifically the frequency of jumping and standing on feet, were recorded over a 30-minute observation period for each mice. Additionally, to evaluate the effects of these drugs on pro-inflammatory cytokines, blood samples were collected from the animals' hearts, and tests for TNF-α levels were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Behavioral assessments following naloxone-precipitated withdrawal showed that crocin and meloxicam (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced withdrawal behaviors, including jumping and standing. Additionally, serum TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in groups treated with crocin, indicating its potential anti-inflammatory effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that crocin and meloxicam could potentially mitigate morphine withdrawal symptoms in mice, underscoring their promising therapeutic applications in the management of opioid dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obeticholic acid prevents cyclophosphamide-induced placental injury via SIRT1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways.","authors":"Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher, Hanaa Mohamed Khalaf, Sara M Ahmed, Mina Ezzat Attya, Abdelaleem Abdelnour Mohamed, Asmaa Mohamed Mahmoud Ali, Shereen S Gaber, Ahmed K A Abdel-Hakeem, Enas Mostafa Mohammed, Marwa Hassan","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00986-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00986-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the current study is to identify the possible protective effect of obeticholic acid (OCA) on placental injury caused by cyclophosphamide (CP). OCA was administered in the presence and absence of CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two pregnant female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control group, OCA group: received OCA (10 mg/kg /day, orally), CP group: received CP 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally at 12th day, OCA + CP group. Placental weight and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured. Placental oxidative stress parameters (malondialdahide (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), besides Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and caspase-3 biomarkers, were evaluated. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression were also measured. Placental histopathological examination, toll- like receptor4 (TLR4) and forkhead-box transcription factor1 (FOXO1) immunohistochemical study were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CP significantly decreased PlGF, placental weight, TAC, SIRT1 and Nrf2 with increased placental MDA, Myd88, caspase-3, NF-κB and TNF-α. Histopathological findings of placental damage and high TLR4, FOXO1 immunoexpressions were detected. OCA significantly increased PlGF level, placental weight and normalized the distributed oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers with a prompt improvement in the histopathological picture and decrease TLR4 and FOXO1 immunoexpressions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accordingly, these findings suggest that OCA protects CP-induced placental injury by modulating TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB; SIRT1-dependant signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential therapeutic role of sex steroids in treating sarcopenia: a network pharmacology and molecular dynamics study.","authors":"Xiangyu Cui, Xiaodong Li, Xin Qi, Dawang Wang, Boyuan Kang, FengJiu Li, Xilin Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00978-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40360-025-00978-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive muscle loss and functional decline in aging, poses significant health challenges. Sex steroids, such as estradiol and testosterone, have potential therapeutic roles in mitigating muscle degeneration. This study explores the molecular mechanisms and targets of sex steroids in the treatment of sarcopenia using network pharmacology, enrichment analysis, machine learning, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified potential anti-sarcopenia targets by analyzing the interaction network between sex steroids and their targets, intersecting these with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the GSE1428. Enrichment analysis was conducted to determine the functional relevance of these targets. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was employed to explore pathway-level differences between age groups. Machine learning algorithms (RF, SVM, XGBoost) identified crucial biomarker genes. A nomogram for predicting sarcopenia was constructed and validated. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations evaluated the binding interactions and stability of steroid-target complexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intersection analysis revealed 69 potential anti-sarcopenia targets. Enrichment analysis highlighted pathways related to muscle function, such as calcium signaling and synaptic transmission. GSVA indicated significant upregulation of DNA damage response and immune response pathways in the older group. Machine learning algorithms pinpointed CFTR, FYN, and PRKCA as top biomarkers. The nomogram demonstrated high predictive accuracy with an AUC of 0.925. Molecular docking showed significant binding affinities of sex steroids with target proteins, further supported by stable RMSD values in MD simulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sex steroids, specifically estradiol and testosterone, demonstrate promising interactions with key targets implicated in sarcopenia in silico. These computational findings offer preliminary mechanistic insights into the potential therapeutic role of sex steroids in modulating muscle-related pathways. Further experimental and clinical validation is warranted to assess their translational applicability for sarcopenia treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12403257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The post-marketing safety of Esketamine among older adults(≥ 65): an real-world pharmacovigilance study.","authors":"Bin Deng, Zhiwen Fu, Linjie Li, Yusen Xu, Zihe Yang, Xuejia Zhai, Yongning Lv","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00992-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00992-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute, sub-acute and developmental toxicity studies of molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers in rats, as per OECD guidelines.","authors":"Farina Hanif, Aslam Khan, Fareeha Anwar, Haseeb Ullah, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Muhammad Imran Khan","doi":"10.1186/s40360-025-00881-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-025-00881-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential toxic effects of Molybdenum disulfide nano-flowers (MoS₂ NF), which have been suggested as a chemotherapeutic agent, but lack previous toxicity studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acute, sub-acute and developmental toxicity studies were conducted following OECD guidelines 425, 407 and 414, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the acute toxicity study, female Wistar rats received logarithmic doses (1.75-550 mg/kg) of MoS₂NF over 14 days. Results indicated a decrease in oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD and GSH) and increased MDA levels, along with significant decrease in organ weight compared to normal control. Alterations in liver enzymes, CBC profile and lipid profile and histopathological analysis were observed in MoS₂ NF groups. Sub-acute toxicity (28-day at 3 and 10 mg/kg in both male and female rats) resulted in increased levels of ALT and AST, decreased levels of CAT, SOD and GSH and increased MDA and urea levels. Sperm analysis in male group showed increased motility and concentration, with more defective morphology. In developmental toxicity studies, a 10 mg/kg dose for 21 days decreased all oxidative markers except MDA, which increased. Fetal crown-to-rump length increased, while uterine SOD, CAT and GSH levels decreased. Histopathology revealed organ damage in both sub-acute and developmental studies. Maternal weight remained unaffected, whereas fetal weight showed an increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MoS₂ NF exhibited mild-to-moderate toxicity, however, long-term and studies are recommended to assess the safety and therapeutic potential of MoS₂NF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9023,"journal":{"name":"BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology","volume":"26 1","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}