{"title":"Cancer therapy leading to state of cancer metabolism depression for efficient operation of small dosage cytotoxic drugs","authors":"Ponizovskiy Mr","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-5","url":null,"abstract":"“Prolonged medical starvation” as the method of cancer therapy was borrowed from folk healers Omelchenko A and Breuss R. Author was convinced in efficiency of this method of cancer treatment via examination of cured patients and on own experience. The mechanism of this method of cancer therapy operates via Warburg effect targeting that promotes efficient cancer treatment with small cytotoxic drugs. Just it was described the mechanism of Warburg effect as well as mechanism transmutation of mitochondrial function in cancer metabolism which are exhibited in connection with operation of described method cancer therapy. There were described the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms of formations resistance to some cytotoxic drugs and recurrence cancer disease after disease remission which occur sometimes as result of treatment with great dosage of cytotoxic drugs. Also it was described the benefits of use the method “Prolonged medical starvation” with decreased dosage of cytotoxic drugs for cancer treatment. The significance of this work that it was substantiated the mechanism operation of combination “Prolonged medical starvation” with small dosages cytotoxic drugs of cancer treatment, which mechanism leads to prevention recurrence cancer disease and resistance to anticancer drugs in comparison with intensive anticancer chemotherapy with great dosages of cytotoxic drugs in cancer therapy. Also the offered concepts of cancer therapy mechanism gave possibility to explain mechanisms of some results of experiments eliminating the doubts of the authors these experiments.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"91 1","pages":"26-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Dash, D. Egbeare, M. Straiton, K. Schwodler, G. Taylor, D. Goddard, J. Mcintosh, R. Sutton
{"title":"The positive sentinel lymph node biopsy- can we predict which patients will benefit from further surgery?","authors":"I. Dash, D. Egbeare, M. Straiton, K. Schwodler, G. Taylor, D. Goddard, J. Mcintosh, R. Sutton","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the gold standard for clinical and radiological negative axillae in breast cancer, the subsequent management of positive nodes is currently under scrutiny with the Z0011 trial publication causing much debate. Our aim was to determine whether there were any predictive factors in our cohort of patients that could assist in the decision of whether the patient required a further axillary lymph node clearance. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent SLNB and their histology was performed. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify any predictive factors. Results: Our Breast Unit performed 457 SLNB over the three years. The mean age of patients was 61.9 years (range 31-89 years). Of these 457 SLNB, 122 (26.7%) were positive for metastatic involvement, and of these patients only 34% were found to have further lymph node involvement after axillary lymph node clearance (ALNC). Only 8% of our total patient cohort had non sentinel node involvement at completion ALNC. Using univariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion (p0.009), grade (p0.007) and size (p0.006) were all significant predictors for having a positive ALNC. Conclusion: Only 8% of the total number of patients had an additional positive lymph node found in their completion axillary clearance. Our results add to this existing knowledge on the subject, and show that there are certain factors which should be carefully considered pre-operatively in order to help inform patient and surgeon choice regarding management of the axilla.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"109 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85715525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rati Lama, Danting Liu, B. Zhong, D. Danielpour, Aimin Zhou, Bin Su
{"title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Tubulin Inhibitors with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Pre-Clinical Models","authors":"Rati Lama, Danting Liu, B. Zhong, D. Danielpour, Aimin Zhou, Bin Su","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-6","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic small molecule tubulin inhibitors have many advantages as novel anti-cancer agents compared to the current tubulin inhibitors generated from natural products. Our previous studies led to the design and synthesis of a series of novel tubulin inhibitors. Some of these compounds also inhibited heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), and showed promising in vitro anti-cancer activities in several breast cancer cell lines at sub nano-molar concentrations. However, whether these compounds could suppress tumor growth in animals was not investigated yet. In the current study, to identify the best drug candidates, therapeutic efficacy of the representative compounds from previous analyses was evaluated using non-small cell lung cancer preclinical models. These agents dose-dependently inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells in both monolayer cultures and three-dimensional multicellular spheroids. Several compounds also showed promising tumor growth suppressive activity in nude mice xenograft model.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"35 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88340670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"With increasing age at tumor diagnosis in familial cancer: Cancer is limited to fewer organs","authors":"H. Olsson","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-21","url":null,"abstract":"Hereditary cancer that has monogenic inheritance affects every tenth patient, on average, who is diagnosed with cancer, and it has been suggested, based on twin studies, that approximately 30% of all cancer patients have a genetic predisposition to developing cancer. In this article, the author posited that familial syndromes become more organ specific with increasing age at tumor presentation to the point that very late in life, only a few organs are affected by tumors. The reason for this could be that the tumor originates from a more differentiated, organ-specific progenitor/stem cell later in life, while the progenitor/stem cell might be involved in organogenesis in different organs earlier in life. Examples are given for skin cancer, colon, endometrial and breast cancer. Patients with familial cancer who present with cancer at an older age have a more organ-restricted disease. This could be because the tumor has a more differentiated progenitor/stem cell origin. Examples are given for families with breast cancer, melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, endometrial and colon cancer. (Less)","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78674345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Adnan, Zahra Em, Karimi Shirin, E. Habib, K. Kian
{"title":"Comparing docetaxel with gemcitabine as second-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A single institute randomized phase II study","authors":"K. Adnan, Zahra Em, Karimi Shirin, E. Habib, K. Kian","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is the backbone of treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) however second-line treatment options are controversial particularly in patients with borderline performance status (PS) of 2. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and toxicity of weekly docetaxel versus gemcitabine in this clinical setting. Patients and methods: A total of 70 patients with advanced (stage IIIB, IV) NSCLC entered this single institute study. Cases of this study had experienced disease progression after the first-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy, with PS 02 in “Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group” scale. They were randomly assigned by stratified blocks to receive docetaxel 35 mg/m2 (Arm A, n34) or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 (Arm B, n36) days 1, 8 and 15 every three weeks, for up to six cycles. Primary end point was progression free survival (PFS) and secondary end points were objective response rate, disease control rate, median overall survival (OS) and toxicity. Dose modification was permitted upon clinician’s discretion for each individual patient. Results: Median of PFS was 2.03 months in arm A and 2.63 months in arm B (HR 1.279; 95% CI: 0.710-2.304, P 0.551). Although median OS for arm A was numerically greater (9.2 months) than arm B (8.3 months) it was statistically non-significant (HR 1.384; 95% CI: 0.632 to 2.809, P 0.59). Objective response was higher in Arm B than that in Arm A (P 0.20) but disease control rates were statistically different in both arms (P 0.034). Statistically significant differences in term of leukopenia was seen in arm B (P 0.013). Conclusion: This study, with limited number of cases, indicates that in advanced NSCLC, weekly docetaxel and gemcitabine are reasonable second-line treatment options with statistically similar effectiveness in terms of PFS and median OS with manageable toxicities in patients with PS 0-2.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73661073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Der Em, S. B. Naaeder, Clegg-Lamptey Jna, Dakubo Jcb, L. Edusei, Y. Tettey, R. Gyasi
{"title":"Anatomic categorization of gastrointestinal malignancies using haematoxylin and eosin stains: A 10-year retrospective histopathological study at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Accra","authors":"Der Em, S. B. Naaeder, Clegg-Lamptey Jna, Dakubo Jcb, L. Edusei, Y. Tettey, R. Gyasi","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2015-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2015-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Data on gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in Ghana are relatively uncommon and are mostly on colorectal cancers. The aim of this descriptive study was to categorize gastrointestinal tract malignancies according to anatomic location and to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of these malignancies. Material and methods: This was a retrospective study in the Department of Pathology from January 2002 to December 2011. Results: A total of 971 gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies were diagnosed in our institution with an annual incidence of 97.1 cases. The mean age of patients was 55.2 years (SD16.1). The common GI malignancies were colorectal 458(47.2%), and gastric 315(32.4%) cancers. Those of the esophagus 91(9.4%), small bowel 41(4.2%), anus 47(4.8%) and the appendix 8(0.8%). The mean ages of the patients with oesophageal, gastric and large bowel cancer were 58.3 (SD12.7), 58.39(SD14.69), and 53.6(SD16.0) years respectively, while those with cancers of the appendix, and small bowel were 37.6 (SD10.9), and 44.5 years (SD18.0). Malignancies of the colorectum 242(52.8%) and anus 26(55.3%), were common in females. The commonest malignancy of the small bowel was lymphoma 14(34.1%). A total of 38(3.8%) of the GI malignancies were gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Conclusion: The distribution of malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract of Ghanaians has been described and it has been found to be similar to that in western nations. The majority of patients were young. Males were the commoner victims. Many of our patients presented with late stage disease with poor prognosis.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"187 1","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74139508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy on the postoperative complication rate in rectal cancer","authors":"Kruschewski M, Gröne J, Lauscher J, Daum S, Moser L, Buhr Hj","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2014-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2014-25","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) on the postoperative complication rate is discussed controversially. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative complication rate in our patient population. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to examine all patients documented online who had undergone conventionally fractionated adjuvant or neoadjuvant CRT from 2001 to 2009 in conjunction with curative resection (R0) for sporadic primary colorectal cancer in the middle or lower third. A total of 246 patients were included and analyzed. Two groups were formed: Group I, 2001-2004, adjuvant CRT, n108, and Group II, 2005-2009, neoadjuvant CRT, n138. Results: The two groups had comparable patient-, tumorand therapyrelated characteristics. No difference was found in the anastomotic leak rate (Group I vs. II: 10% vs. 11%). The rate of perineal wound healing problems differed significantly (Group I vs. II: 5% vs. 36%, p0.016). While no patient died in Group I, lethality amounted to 1.5% (2/138) in Group II. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant CRT does not lead to a higher anastomotic leak rate or lethality in comparison to patients who were primarily operated and received adjuvant CRT in the further course. The rate of perineal wound healing problems is significantly increased.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"51 1","pages":"169-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82018589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Total meso-esophagogastrectomy in surgically resectable Siewert type II-III junctional gastric cancer: Safety and long term oncologic outcome","authors":"L. M. Siani, C. Poma","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2014-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2014-23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyze our experience confronting meso-esophagogastric resection (transhiatally extended total gastrectomy en-bloc with its inviolate primitive dorsal and ventral mesenterium) to less radical planes of surgery (intra-mesoesophagogastric and muscularis propria planes), in the multimodal management of junctional Siewert II/III resectable gastric cancer. Methods: 138 patients with stage I-III/C type II-III Siewert junctional cancers were enrolled. Proximal and distal marginal clearance, closest meso-esophageal resection margin (CRM), volume in mm 3 of meso-esophageal tissue around the tumor, R0 resections rate, number of lymph nodes harvested and five years overall and disease-free survival were recorded for each plane of surgery. Results: Mortality and morbidity were 3.6% and 22.4% respectively; operative length was 235 ± 23 min.; mean blood loss was 195 ± 53cc. Mean meso-esophageal tissue volume including tumor was 35,157 mm 3 for meso-esophagogastric resections, 25,397 mm 3 for intra-mesoesophagogastric resections and 20,531 mm 3 for “muscularis propria” resections, all statistically significant (p 1mm and pN0 were associated with increased recurrence-free survival. Conclusions: When compared to less extensive planes of surgery, transhiatally extended total meso-esophagogastrectomy confers a survival advantage in the intermediate stages of Siewert type II-III junctional gastric cancer, increasing R0 resection rate, decreasing CRM < 1mm and enhancing lymph node harvesting, with consequent impact on loco-regional control and survival; differently, in the extreme stages (I and IIIC N + patients), total meso-esophagogastrectomy is ineffective in altering the standard oncologic outcome. In our experience, total meso-esophagogastrectomy proved to be safe and oncologically effective, especially in stage II-IIIA/B, representing a pivotal part of multimodal management of type II/III EGJ cancers.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"39 1","pages":"153-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75517344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Makmun, M. Simadibrata, M. Abdullah, A. Syam, A. Fauzi, Kaka Renaldi, A. Rani, E. Krisnuhoni
{"title":"Changing trends in gastrointestinal malignancy in Indonesia: The Jakarta experience","authors":"D. Makmun, M. Simadibrata, M. Abdullah, A. Syam, A. Fauzi, Kaka Renaldi, A. Rani, E. Krisnuhoni","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2014-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2014-24","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To identify changing trends in gastrointestinal cancer incidence in Indonesia according to age, gender, histopathology, and cancer location. Methods: We examined retrospectively the demography, cancer location, and pathological characteristics of 295 consecutive gastrointestinal cancer patients admitted to Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in 2002–2006. We compared these data with data from 343 gastrointestinal cancer patients admitted in 2007–2011. The data were analyzed by chi-square, analysis of variance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Mann–Whitney U tests using SPSS 21.0. Results: The most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers in 2002–2006 and 2007–2011 were colorectal cancer (76.3% and 71.4%), followed by gastric cancer (15.6% and 14.9%), esophageal cancer (7.4% and 7.6%), and duodenal cancer (0.7% and 6.1%).There was an increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma prevalence from 36.4% to 69.2% (p = 0.023). The mean age at diagnosis of esophageal cancer decreased from 53.02 ± 13.12) to 50.43 ± 11.93) years (p = 0.031). The percentage of patients with gastric cancer aged 30–60 years increased from 60.9% to 82.4% (p = 0.018) and the percentage of patients aged > 60 years decreased from 34.8% to 13.7% (p = 0.015). In the histopathological analysis of gastric cancer, the prevalence of adenocarcinoma increased from 58.7% to 78.4% (p = 0.036), whereas the prevalence of signet ring cell carcinoma decreased from 21.7% to 5.9% (p = 0.022). The prevalence of gastric cancer lesions extending to >1 location increased from 2.2% to 27.5% (p = 0.001).The frequency of duodenal cancer among women increased non significantly from 0% to 52.4% (p = 0.261). The demography, histopathology, and location of colorectal cancers did not change between the two periods. Conclusions: Our study shows some changing trends in gastrointestinal malignancy in Indonesia in terms of demography, histopathology, and the location of cancers from 2002–2006 to 2007–2011.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90884492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trebelhorn Ch, J. Dennis, Pondugula, T. Samuel, E. Coleman, Patrick C. Flannery, E. Morrison, M. Mansour
{"title":"Plant-based omega-3 stearidonic acid enhances antitumor activity of doxorubicin in human prostate cancer cell lines","authors":"Trebelhorn Ch, J. Dennis, Pondugula, T. Samuel, E. Coleman, Patrick C. Flannery, E. Morrison, M. Mansour","doi":"10.14312/2052-4994.2014-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2014-21","url":null,"abstract":"Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first choice cytostatic drug in treatment of many cancers but among its side effects is cardiac toxicity. Stearidonic omega-3 fatty acid (SDA) has cardiac protective qualities and, therefore, we investigated the combinatory effects of DOX and SDA on proliferation/viability in the human prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines LNCaP, PC3, and DU145 as well as possible modulatory effects on expression of androgen receptor (AR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR, and nuclear factor kappa-lightchain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B) nuclear transcription factors implicated in tumorigenesis. The median inhibitory effects (IC50) of SDA were 601, 116, 145 M and that of DOX were 802, 761, 363 nM in LNCaP, PC3 and DU145, respectively. Equipotent combinations of DOX and SDA based on 2-fold dilutions and constant combination ratios derived from the above IC50 values suggested anticancer synergism with a combination index (CI) of less than 1 as determined using the Chou-Talalay method based on the medianeffect equation and the mass action law. Stearidonic acid strongly inhibited TNF-activated NF-B in stably transduced LNCaP cells. We used immunocytochemistry, real-time PCR, western blotting, and transactivation assays to demonstrate inhibition of agonist-activated AR and PPAR expression following treatment with DOX and SDA singly or in combination. This study provides proof-of-concept for using DOX and SDA in combination to reduce dose and toxicity of DOX in PCa clinical translation studies.","PeriodicalId":90205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer research & therapy","volume":"53 37 1","pages":"132-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85167544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}