International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries最新文献

{"title":"Antimicrobial Activities of Extracts and Flavonoid Glycosides of Corn Silk (Zea mays L)","authors":"F. Nessa, Z. Ismail, Nornisah Mohamed","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"Corn silk refers to the stigmas of Zea mays L. ( Gramineae ) from the female flowers of maize. It is medicinally used in a number of diseases and contained a number of flavonoids. Screening of plants against pathogenic bacteria is an important step to validate its medicinal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen the antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts, flavonoids of corn silk and compare the activities with standard antibiotic gentamycin. The pet-ether (PECS), chloroform (CECS) and methanol (MECS) extracts (25 mg/mL) of corn silk were tested for their antimicrobial activity. Twelve pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenase, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonneii, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis and one fungus Candida albicans were used to screen the extracts. Gentamycin  (50 mg/mL) was used as reference antibiotic. Two isolated flavonoid glycosides (2.0 mg/mL) of corn silk were tested for their antimicrobial activity. The microbial growth inhibitory potential was determined by using the agar hole-plate diffusion method. PECS, MECS and flavonoids were sensitive against eleven bacteria out of twelve bacteria. CECS was sensitive only against five bacteria.  No extracts and flavonoids were sensitive against Escherichia coli and Candid albicans . The results were compared with gentamycin, which was sensitive against all the bacteria tested. Extracts and flavonoids showed significantly (p<0.05) higher sensitivity against a number of bacteria than gentamycin.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Cuspidaria pulchra and its Isolated Compounds Against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms","authors":"T. A. Alvarenga, Tais R.F.O. Bêdo, C. G. Braguine, Uo Gonçalves, L. Magalhães, V. Rodrigues, V. Gimenez, M. Groppo, M. Silva, W. Cunha, A. Januário, P. Pauletti","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has investigated the chemical composition of the bioactive EtOAc fraction of Cuspidaria pulchra aerial parts, as well as its schistosomicidal activities against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms in vitro . To this end, the crude ethanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of C. pulchra (Bignoniaceae) was partitioned with n -hexane, EtOAc, and n -BuOH. The EtOAc fraction was purified by preparative HPLC, which afforded 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde ( 1 ), p- coumaric acid ( 2 ), p -hydroxybenzoic acid ( 3 ), ursolic acid ( 4 ), and oleanolic acid ( 5 ). The bioassay results indicated that the crude ethanol extract and the EtOAc fraction at 100 µg/mL killed the adult schistosomes in vitro . Compounds 1 and 3 at 100 µm were only able to separate coupled S. mansoni adult worms.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Study of Anticoccidial Activity of Medium Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) and their Corresponding Monoglycerides on Broiler Chicken Coccidiosis","authors":"G. H. Tan, K. Long","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037/2012.01.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The effect of anticoccidial from oil containing medium chain fatty acids and their corresponding monoglycerides, which known as enhanced virgin coconut oil (EVCO) was investigated. A total of 100 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatment groups. Group A, B and C were infected with 8 species of live coccidia. Group A was then treated with 30% EVCO; Group B with antibiotic (Coccisul-Q) and no treatment for Group C. Group D as control. The birds infected with live coccidia (Group A, B and C) had significantly higher in the oocyst count and showed blood in droppings appeared after 7-day post-infection (DPI), except Group D. In Group A2 at 11-day post infection/4-day post treatment (DPI 11/ DPT 4), the number of oocyst count was dropped from 132,400 o/g to 600 o/g; and in Group B2 is about 75,600 o/g to 0 o/g. However, there was no significant reducing in Group C2. A significant deduction of oocysts level in faecal and cecal dramatically after 4 days post-treatment in group treated with EVCO. However, from the observation, the performance of EVCO was not as good as in the antibiotic treated group. Nevertheless, the EVCO is a plant-based compounds, it is good and safe to be used as alternative way to control coccidiosis in poultry industries. Therefore, for EVCO consumption, the treatment must be provided weekly for long lasting protection from coccidiosis.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"134-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71250160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotechnology for Wellness Industry: Concepts and Biofactories","authors":"M. R. Sarmidi, H. E. Enshasy","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major issues in the 21st. century facing humankind is on how to stay healthy and delay the onset of chronic metabolic diseases. Chronic metabolic chronic diseases still afflict a substantial percentage of modern human population despite the advances in medical and health care technologies. They create a long-term financial burden to the nation as well as reducing the productivity and the quality of life. In the recent years, the wellness approach to healthy living by mean of health enhancement and disease prevention has been increasing in popularity. There is a tremendous global and local interest for wellness products. Wellness sector focuses on providing products and services to a wider community to improve appearance, slow down the effect of ageing and to reduce the risk of developing chronic metabolic diseases. The wellness products are intended for the promotion of health in soil, plants, animals and human. Soil health is the foundation of wellness as healthy and productive soil produce healthy plants and crops in turn produced healthy animals for human nutrition. It is a fact that human health is closely associated with the practice of healthy life style that include consuming wholesome nutrients, living in a non-toxic environment and enhancing physical and mental fitness. These factors in turn promote the attainment and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Under cellular homeostasis the cellular metabolic activities are at their optimum. In this regard traditional and modern biotechnology offer comprehensive list of natural ingredients and metabolites essential for cellular metabolism. These natural ingredients and metabolites are derived from microbial, algal, plant, animals, and human sources. Most of these natural products are increasingly made available by using innovative bioprocess technologies as more of them are main components of functional foods, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals and therapeutics. Bioprocess industries are considered as source for both health and wealth. The new concept of bioprocess industries is based on using different types of cells as small micro-bio-factories. These small biofactories belong to different classes of living organisms ranging from the most primitive prokaryotic bacterial cells up to high eukaryotic human cells. In the present review, the concept of bioprocess design and cultivation of cells up to the industrial level will be presented.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71247852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Initial Sugar Concentration on the Production of L (+) Lactic Acid by Simultaneous Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of an Agro-Industrial Waste Product of Pineapple (Ananas comosus) Using Lactobacillus casei Subspecies rhamnosus","authors":"Carla Araya-Cloutier, Carolina Rojas-Garbanzo, Carmela Velázquez-Carrillo","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Production of lactic acid by fermentation process has been studied from glucose solutions and other sources because of many important reasons: biotechnological production is cheaper than chemical synthesis; production of biodegradable materials from L (+) lactic acid and, the use of nutrient-rich agro-industrial wastes as raw material, which helps to reduce the environmental impact. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of sugar concentration of a pineapple liquid waste as the carbon source on the capacity of Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus to produce lactic acid by simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Three different pineapple waste concentrations were evaluated (60, 80 and 100% v/v) from a pineapple juice with 11.3% (m/v) of sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose). L. casei was able to consume all sugars present within the levels tested, and converted all into lactic acid, showing efficient yields of 0.91 g lactic acid/g sugars. Final lactic acid concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase of pineapple waste percentage. Maximum lactic acid concentration (102g/L) was achieved with 100% pineapple waste medium. The highest total productivity (4.0g/h) and maximum productivity (4.48 g/L*h) were obtained with 60% pineapple waste medium and it decreased significantly (p<0.05) when 100% was used. Fermentation time increased with the increment of sugars, but it increased considerably with the medium composed of 100% of pineapple waste in comparison with the other two mediums. Pineapple waste represents a good alternative as a cheap carbon source for bacteria growth and production of L (+) lactic acid.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry imaging of the capsaicin localization in the capsicum fruits","authors":"S. Taira, S. Shimma, I. Osaka, D. Kaneko, Y. Ichiyanagi, Ryuzoh Ikeda, Yasuko Konishi-Kawamura, Shu Zhu, K. Tsuneyama, K. Komatsu","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"We succeeded in performing mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of the localization of capsaicin in cross-sections of the capsicum fruits at a resolution of 250 µm using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Post source decay of protonated capsaicin ion revealed structural information of the corresponding acid amide of vanillylamide and C 9 chain fatty acid. MALDI-TOF-MSI confirmed that localization of capsaicin in the placenta is higher than that in the pericarp. In addition, it revealed no localization of capsaicin in seed and the higher localization of capsaicin at placenta surface compared with that in the internal region. A quantitative difference was detected between localizations of capsaicin at placenta, pericarp and seed in the capsicum fruits. This imaging approach is a promising technique for rapid quality evaluation general food as well as health food and identification of medicinal capsaicin in plant tissues.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71247958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-Based Assays in High-Throughput Screening for Drug Discovery","authors":"Ru Zang, Ding Li, I. Tang, Jufang Wang, Shangtian Yang","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Drug screening is a long and costly process confronted with low productivity and challenges in using animals, which limit the discovery of new drugs.  To improve drug screening efficacy and minimize animal testing, recent efforts have been dedicated to developing cell-based high throughput screening (HTS) platforms that can provide more relevant in vivo biological information than biochemical assays and thus reduce the number of animal tests and accelerate the drug discovery process. Today, cell-based assays are used in more than half of all high-throughput drug screenings for target validation and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity) in the early stage of drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the uses of different types of cells and cell culture systems, including 2D, 3D and perfusion cell cultures, in cell-based HTS for drug discovery. Optical and electrochemical methods for online, non-invasive detection and quantification of cells or cellular activities are discussed. Recent progresses and applications of 3D cultures and microfluidic systems for cell-based HTS are also discussed, followed with several successful examples of using cell-based HTS in commercial development of new drugs. Finally, a brief discussion on potential applications of cell-based HTS for screening phytochemicals and herbal medicines is provided in this review.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71247893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Polyhydroxyalkanoates in the Medical Industry","authors":"C. Brigham, A. Sinskey","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-based, biodegradable family of polymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), is an attractive candidate for an environmentally friendly replacement of petroleum-based plastics in many applications. In the past decade, many groups have examined the biodegradability and biocompatibility of PHA in cell culture systems or in an animal host. Findings suggest that PHA is a suitable material for fabrication of resorbable medical devices, such as sutures, meshes, implants, and tissue engineering scaffolds. The degradation kinetics of some PHA polymers is also suggestive of drug release applications. In this review, we examine the progress, potential applications, challenges and outlook in the medical polyhydroxyalkanoate field.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"54 1","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71247940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oil composition, antimicrobial potential, phytochemical profile and toxicity of essential oils and crude extracts of sweet basil prior and after flowering","authors":"Oumadevi Rangasamy, M. Mahomoodally, A. H. Subratty, A. Gurib-Fakim","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils and crude extracts of sweet basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum - OT) which are mostly used to flavor and spice food were prepared and analyzed prior and after flowering by GC and subjected to in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo toxicity evaluation. The essential oil composition was found to vary considerably with respect to harvesting time (prior to flowering stage- eugenol- 17.7%, carvacrol- 27.1% and methyl-eugenol- 52.1%; as compared to flowering (caryophyllene- 9.26% and methyl-eugenol and comparatively smaller percentages of carvacrol and eugenol). Phytochemical screening of the plant samples from either season showed that the whole plants constituted of alkaloids, flavones, saponins, terpenes, sterols, tannins and triterpenes. The essential oils and crude extracts of plant parts of OT (leaves, twigs and/or inflorescence) in both stages showed marked antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus and with no apparent toxicity in rats. The observed antimicrobial properties and non-toxic nature during both stages of flowering would tend to validate the medicinal properties of OT as a functional food.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Corylus cornuta twig extracts: antioxidant, radical scavenging, anti-enzymatic activities and cytotoxicity","authors":"Mariana Royer, T. Stevanovic","doi":"10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-3037.2012.01.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"In a first attempt to better understand therapeutic uses of the forest species Corylus cornuta by Native People of Eastern Canada, antiradical/antioxidant, anti-enzymatic activities as well as cytotoxicity on Normal Human Keratinocytes (NHK) of  C.cornuta twig extracts were studied and correlated with their polyphenolic composition. Polyphenolic extracts were obtained by water and ethanolic extractions using two different techniques: maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction. Antiradical and antioxidant capacities of the extracts were evaluated against DPPH, TEAC, six ROS/RNS and peroxidation lipidic. Anti-enzymatic activities against enzymes involved in oxidation processes were evaluated towards catalase and xanthine oxidase. MTT and Neutral Red assays were used for evaluating the toxicity of the various extracts on NHK after 24 and 48h exposition times. Aqueous extracts were determined to have the highest antioxidant/antiradical capacity against two reactive species involved in inflammatory processes (superoxide anion and nitric oxide) and the lowest toxicity. Their antioxidant/antiradical activities were strongly correlated to their higher content in flavonoids. Ethanolic extracts were determined to have the highest anti-enzymatic activity correlated with their higher content in hydroxycinammic acids and proanthocyanidins. These extracts were also the most toxic, this toxicity correlating with their high level in total phenols. Given that aqueous extracts presented an elevated content in total phenols and flavonoids and showed the lowest toxicity on NHK as well as a high antiradical/antioxidant capacity, they can be considered as the most valuable extracts obtained from C.cornuta twigs, which is in harmony with traditional uses in which remedies are prepared from twig infusions.","PeriodicalId":90181,"journal":{"name":"International journal of biotechnology for wellness industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}