The journal of problem solving最新文献_第6页

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1139

I.J.E.I. van Rooij

引用次数: 0

Clustering, Randomness, and Regularity: Spatial Distributions and Human Performance on the Traveling Salesperson Problem and Minimum Spanning Tree Problem 聚类、随机性和规律性:空间分布和人在旅行销售员问题和最小生成树问题上的表现

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1117

M. Dry, Kym Preiss, J. Wagemans

{"title":"Clustering, Randomness, and Regularity: Spatial Distributions and Human Performance on the Traveling Salesperson Problem and Minimum Spanning Tree Problem","authors":"M. Dry, Kym Preiss, J. Wagemans","doi":"10.7771/1932-6246.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1117","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated human performance on the Euclidean Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree Problem (MST-P) in regards to a factor that has previously received little attention within the literature: the spatial distributions of TSP and MST-P stimuli. First, we describe a method for quantifying the relative degree of clustering, randomness or regularity within point distributions. We then review evidence suggesting this factor might influence human performance on the two problem types. Following this we report an experiment in which the participants were asked to solve TSP and MST-P test stimuli that had been generated to be either highly clustered, random, or highly regular. The results indicate that for both the TSP and MST-P the participants tended to produce better quality solutions when the stimuli were highly clustered compared to random, and similarly, better quality solutions for random compared to highly regular stimuli. It is suggested that these results provide support for the ideas that human solv- ers attend to salient clusters of nodes when solving these problems, and that a similar process (or series of processes) may underlie human performance on these two tasks.","PeriodicalId":90070,"journal":{"name":"The journal of problem solving","volume":"152 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79584251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

Visual Attention Modulates Insight Versus Analytic Solving of Verbal Problems. 视觉注意力调节语言问题的洞察力与分析能力

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1127

Ezra Wegbreit, Satoru Suzuki, Marcia Grabowecky, John Kounios, Mark Beeman

{"title":"Visual Attention Modulates Insight Versus Analytic Solving of Verbal Problems.","authors":"Ezra Wegbreit, Satoru Suzuki, Marcia Grabowecky, John Kounios, Mark Beeman","doi":"10.7771/1932-6246.1127","DOIUrl":"10.7771/1932-6246.1127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Behavioral and neuroimaging findings indicate that distinct cognitive and neural processes underlie solving problems with sudden insight. Moreover, people with less focused attention sometimes perform better on tests of insight and creative problem solving. However, it remains unclear whether different states of attention, within individuals, influence the likelihood of solving problems with insight or with analysis. In this experiment, participants (N = 40) performed a baseline block of verbal problems, then performed one of two visual tasks, each emphasizing a distinct aspect of visual attention, followed by a second block of verbal problems to assess change in performance. After participants engaged in a center-focused flanker task requiring relatively focused visual attention, they reported solving more verbal problems with analytic processing. In contrast, after participants engaged in a rapid object identification task requiring attention to broad space and weak associations, they reported solving more verbal problems with insight. These results suggest that general attention mechanisms influence both visual attention task performance and verbal problem solving.</p>","PeriodicalId":90070,"journal":{"name":"The journal of problem solving","volume":"4 2","pages":"94-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897204/pdf/nihms-503985.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32057300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite Optimal Stopping Problems: The Seller’s Perspective 有限最优停止问题:卖方的观点

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1092

Mehdi Hemmati, J. C. Smith

引用次数: 1

Human Performance on Insight Problem Solving: A Review 人类在洞察力问题解决中的表现:综述

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1094

Yun Chu, J. MacGregor

引用次数: 88

Human Performance on the Traveling Salesman and Related Problems: A Review 旅行推销员的人力绩效及相关问题综述

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1090

J. MacGregor, Yun Chu

引用次数: 93

Quality, Conformity, and Conflict: Questioning the Assumptions of Osborn’s Brainstorming Technique 质量、一致性和冲突:质疑奥斯本头脑风暴技术的假设

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1093

Olga Goldenberg, J. Wiley

引用次数: 35

What Does (and Doesn’t) Make Analogical Problem Solving Easy? A Complexity-Theoretic Perspective 什么能(或不能)使类比问题的解决变得容易?复杂性理论的视角

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1091

T. Wareham, Patricia A. Evans, I. Rooij

{"title":"What Does (and Doesn’t) Make Analogical Problem Solving Easy? A Complexity-Theoretic Perspective","authors":"T. Wareham, Patricia A. Evans, I. Rooij","doi":"10.7771/1932-6246.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1091","url":null,"abstract":"Solving new problems can be made easier if one can build on experiences with other\u0000problems one has already successfully solved. The ability to exploit earlier problem-solving\u0000experiences in solving new problems seems to require several cognitive sub-abilities.\u0000Minimally, one needs to be able to retrieve relevant knowledge of earlier solved problems\u0000and their solutions (solved-exemplar retrieval), to determine whether or not a retrieved\u0000problem is sufficient analogous to the problem at hand (analogy derivation), and to infer how the solution-method used for the old problem can be used for the new problem (candidate inference projection). All three processes have successfully been modeled under the framework of Structure-Mapping Theory (SMT). It has long been known that analogy derivation under SMT is computationally intractable, meaning that all (exact) algorithms implementing this ability run impractically long. In this paper we show that the same holds for the other two sub-processes. In sharp contrast to this theoretical intractability, empirical research reveals that in certain situations humans can quickly\u0000retrieve appropriate problem-exemplars and quickly make goal-relevant candidate inference\u0000projections. How can this speed of processing be explained within the framework of SMT? We consider several possible explanations, both existing and new, and assess their explanatory validity by performing computational-level complexity analyses. Our analyses not only reveal that explanations that have been conjectured to date are incomplete but also identify a set of complete explanations that can guide future empirical research on analogical problem solving.","PeriodicalId":90070,"journal":{"name":"The journal of problem solving","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79693027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

2D and 3D Traveling Salesman Problem 2D和3D旅行商问题

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2011-02-07 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1096

Y. Haxhimusa, Edward K. Carpenter, J. Catrambone, David Foldes, Emil Stefanov, Laura L. Arns, Z. Pizlo

引用次数: 17

The Effect of Strategy on Problem Solving: An fMRI Study 策略对问题解决的影响:一项功能磁共振成像研究

The journal of problem solving Pub Date : 2010-10-06 DOI: 10.7771/1932-6246.1076

Sharlene D. Newman, B. Pruce, Akash Rusia, Thomas Burns

引用次数: 9