Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences最新文献_第9页

Statistical Considerations when Communicating Health Risks: Experiences from Canada, Chile, Ecuador and England Facing COVID-19 沟通健康风险时的统计考虑:加拿大、智利、厄瓜多尔和英国面对COVID-19的经验

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10332

S. Bangdiwala, Andrea Gómez, M. Monsalves, Y. Palmeiro

{"title":"Statistical Considerations when Communicating Health Risks: Experiences from Canada, Chile, Ecuador and England Facing COVID-19","authors":"S. Bangdiwala, Andrea Gómez, M. Monsalves, Y. Palmeiro","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10332","url":null,"abstract":"Communicating statistics in health risk communication is a fundamental part of managing public health emergencies. Effective communication requires careful planning and the anticipation of possible information demands from the population. The information should be clear, relevant, easy to understand, timely, accurate and precise, allowing the public to make informed decisions about protective behaviours. COVID-19, being a new disease, with little known about its characteristics and effects, has challenged governments and healthcare systems in all countries. This article discusses the statistical issues involved, and the experiences of risk communication in four countries – Canada, Chile, Ecuador and England. These countries have communicated risks differently, partly because of their different healthcare systems, as well as socioeconomic, cultural and political realities. During a pandemic, health authorities and governments must step up to the challenge of communicating statistical information under pressure and with urgency, when little is known about the disease, the situation is dynamic and evolving, and the general public is gripped with fear and anxiety. This is in addition to the existing challenges relating to the generation of data of different quality by diverse sources, and a public with varying levels of statistical literacy. From a statistical perspective, communiqués about risks and numbers should convey the uncertainty there is about the information, the inherent variabilities in the system, the precision and accuracy of estimates and the assumptions behind projections. Complex technical concepts, such as ‘flattening the curve’, ‘range in risk estimates’ and ‘projected trends,’ should be explained.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84079105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

What’s in a Name? Reflections at a Milestone Moment in African Safety Promotion 名字里有什么?非洲安全促进里程碑时刻的思考

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10335

M. Seedat

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 and the ‘New Normal’ in Education: Exacerbating Existing Inequities in Education 2019冠状病毒病与教育“新常态”:加剧现有教育不公平现象

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10330

Y. Sayed, Marcina Singh, Thelma Mort

{"title":"COVID-19 and the ‘New Normal’ in Education: Exacerbating Existing Inequities in Education","authors":"Y. Sayed, Marcina Singh, Thelma Mort","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10330","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers education responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, with specific reference to South Africa, examining how inequality has been exacerbated as a result of the pandemic. It outlines how education policy choices are shaped and how the (mis)use of evidence highlights the lack of meaningful and robust involvement by key education stakeholders and social science specialists, particularly from the critical tradition. COVID-19 has intensified and sharpened social, political and economic fragilities and inequities globally, forcing governments to (re)think responses to social problems and disruptions. This paper underscores three dimensions of inequity in education as a result of the pandemic: equitable teaching and learning during the lockdown and school closures; inequities that may result from the (re)opening of schools in the ‘new normal’; and the lack of attention to psychosocial support and professional development. The paper argues that while this pandemic may be new, it has exacerbated existing inequities in education provision, intensified by the COVID-19 disaster management and education policy. The paper argues for a progressive approach to education transformation in response to this pandemic and future crises and disruptions.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90033256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Thanatopolitics and Fugitive Mourning in Pandemic Death 流行病死亡中的死亡政治与亡命者哀悼

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10329

Hugo Canham

{"title":"Thanatopolitics and Fugitive Mourning in Pandemic Death","authors":"Hugo Canham","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10329","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has reminded us that death is not only inevitable but also, for those who are constructed as death bound, imminent and immanent. In this paper, I contend that this season of mass death has led to an intensified thanatopolitics where the state has sought to take over full control of corpses and the death world. This has major implications for how we order and relate to the African death world. Mourning and funeral rites are important sites of sociality for the processing of loss, ritual cleansing and renewal. The COVID-19 pandemic and the dramatic rise in deaths associated with it mean that mourning, rites, sociality and potential renewal are fundamentally disrupted. This disruption occurs because rituals and customs associated with how Africans honour and bury the dead have to change as a result of health protocols and government regulations that are promulgated against contagion. However, through media reports on those killed by COVID-19, I demonstrate that thanatopolitics remains fragile in the face of the erotics of mourning and fugitive mourning that families and communities engage in. This paper is an effort to engage with the subject of pandemic death and the meaning of what we lose when ritual and relation are threatened. It presents the erotics of mourning and fugitive mourning as forms of resistance that the black underclasses are always insurgently engaged in.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89723569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pandemics Remind Us of Our Responsibility to Ourselves, Others and Future Generations: A Time for Intergenerational Justice? 流行病提醒我们对自己、他人和子孙后代的责任:是时候实现代际正义了?

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10331

K. Moodley

引用次数: 0

The State of Violence Prevention: Reflections from the First South African National Conference on Violence Prevention 预防暴力状况:第一届南非全国预防暴力会议的思考

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10333

M. Seedat, A. van Niekerk, S. Suffla

{"title":"The State of Violence Prevention: Reflections from the First South African National Conference on Violence Prevention","authors":"M. Seedat, A. van Niekerk, S. Suffla","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10333","url":null,"abstract":"Our analysis of the state of violence prevention in the country is based on a thematic content analysis of abstracts submitted for the First South African National Conference on Violence Prevention. A description of the constituent features of interventions, as well as the theoretical and evaluative assumptions that underlie them, is useful for identifying gaps, strengths and areas for development in the violence prevention sector. Our analysis suggests that the work presented at the conference, albeit a limited representation of violence prevention initiatives in the country, may be indicative of the plural forms of violence and is partially responsive to the complex psychosocial drivers of violence. While multidimensional interventions seem to focus on central contributing factors, including gendered cultural norms and practices, hegemonic masculinities, specific vulnerable groups and locations, the structural drivers of violence are not directly addressed. There is thus space and scope for prevention interventions that target socioeconomic and material determinants of violence directly. Likewise, for national implementation science and related efforts to grow, future interventions will have to incorporate theoretical and evaluative frames that help to explain the factors that may optimise intervention success, uptake and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78440217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Mis)Understanding Same-Sex Sexual Violence Amongst Boys: A Perspective on Recent Rape Incidents in South Africa (错误)理解男孩中的同性性暴力:从南非近期强奸事件的角度看

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.25159/2957-3645/10336

S. Nkosi, N. Nunze, Y. Sikweyiya

{"title":"(Mis)Understanding Same-Sex Sexual Violence Amongst Boys: A Perspective on Recent Rape Incidents in South Africa","authors":"S. Nkosi, N. Nunze, Y. Sikweyiya","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10336","url":null,"abstract":"Incidents of male–male sexual violence amongst young boys in South Africa have been brought into sharp focus by the media and, to a lesser extent, research, yet there continues to be very little research into this phenomenon in South Africa. In this perspective, evidence is presented of how the dearth of research has led to a limited appreciation of the associated risk factors and the socioeconomic circumstances under which male–male sexual violence amongst young boys occurs. It is possible to theorise that this neglect results from a gendered discourse which frames males and females as perpetrators and victims respectively, and disregards males as victims. Moreover, drawing on critical men and masculinities scholarship, the contention is made that this neglect also results from limited recognition that boys are gendered, that there are a multiplicity and hierarchy of masculinities amongst boys, with dominant masculinities sometimes employing physical and sexual violence to suppress and control subordinate and alternative masculinities. More research is urgently needed on boy–boy sexual violence in resource-poor communities in South Africa. Such work should be grounded in the critical men and masculinities framework. The findings from such research could inform the development of context-specific gender-transformative interventions for young adolescent boys, to prevent their construction of violent masculinities and the use of violence.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"18 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social Experiences of Muslim Americans Regarding the Intolerance Displayed by Non-Muslims 美国穆斯林对非穆斯林不宽容的社会经验

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.19

Munder Abderrazzaq

{"title":"Social Experiences of Muslim Americans Regarding the Intolerance Displayed by Non-Muslims","authors":"Munder Abderrazzaq","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Muslims in the United States have openly expressed their opposition regarding Muslim Americans, which has led to the racial profiling and unequal treatment of Muslim Americans. Literature regarding the intolerance displayed by majority members indicates a need for further research that explores the point of view of minorities in the United States. Intolerance is defined as the refusal and unwillingness to respect or tolerate persons of a different social group or members of minority groups who hold beliefs contrary to one’s own. The intolerance displayed among members of different religious and cultural backgrounds can limit the ability to discover new information needed in promoting positive social change among Muslims and non-Muslims in the United States. Semistructured interviews were used to explore the social experiences of Muslim Americans of Palestinian descent in Cleveland, Ohio, regarding prejudice and discrimination displayed by non-Muslims. The theory of planned behavior and impression management theory were used as the framework for this study. Convenience and purposeful sampling were used to recruit the 10 participants chosen for this study. Template analysis, Giorgio’s psychological phenomenological method, and coding were used to analyze the data obtained from this study. Participants revealed experiencing prejudice and discrimination “everywhere” and “anywhere,” including verbal attacks and emotional distress. Participants also described the intolerance among Muslims and non-Muslims as “good and bad” or “it depends.” Information from this study can help in the development of social strategies that can be used to improve the interactions among Muslims and non-Muslims in United States.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85037812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

All Social Media Is Not Created Equal: Instagram, Finsta, and Loneliness 并非所有社交媒体都是平等的:Instagram、Finsta和lonely

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.18

R. Schoenfeld, K. Fiori

{"title":"All Social Media Is Not Created Equal: Instagram, Finsta, and Loneliness","authors":"R. Schoenfeld, K. Fiori","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Research on the relationships between social media use and loneliness has produced mixed findings, in part because people use social media in different ways. Finsta is a private Instagram account followed only by a small group of the user’s friends and is considered to be a more authentic form of social media. The purpose of the present study was to examine the differential associations of Instagram and Finsta use with social and emotional loneliness and to investigate off-line engagement as a potential mediator of these associations. With data from an online survey given to N = 330 emerging adults, a series of hierarchical linear regressions showed that Instagram use negatively predicted and Finsta use positively predicted social loneliness, whereas neither were associated with emotional loneliness. Furthermore, whereas Finsta use was not associated with off-line social engagement with friends (OSE-friend), Instagram use was positively associated with this variable. In addition, results showed that off-line social support with friends partially mediated the relationship between Instagram use and social loneliness. The findings imply that all social media are not created equal; even within the same platform (Instagram), differential associations were found with social loneliness depending on the type of account used.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78817871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting Students' Spiritual and Religious Competence Based on Supervisor Practices and Institutional Attendance 基于导师实践和学校出勤率的学生精神宗教能力预测

Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.17

A. Secor, C. Bridges

{"title":"Predicting Students' Spiritual and Religious Competence Based on Supervisor Practices and Institutional Attendance","authors":"A. Secor, C. Bridges","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2021.15.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Counseling students report a lack of competence in spiritual and religious integration (SRI). As such, counselor educators and supervisors (CES) and students want to understand how to develop SRI competence. Although past research highlights SRI dialogue in training, there exists no clear understanding about the role of faculty supervisor SRI on perceived student competence. The supervision models used to inform the study included (a) the integrated developmental model, (b) the discrimination model, and (c) the spirituality in supervision model (SACRED). The purpose of this study is to determine if master’s-level graduate counseling student perceptions of faculty supervisor SRI practices predicts student perceived spiritual competence when considering attendance in faith-based and non-faith-based institutions accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Education Programs (CACREP). A review of existing literature supports the use of a quantitative, cross-sectional design. An online survey was distributed to students (n = 59) in master’s-level CACREP counseling programs, currently in field experience, to measure perceived SRI in supervision and perceived SRI competence. A multiple linear regression reveals a statistically significant predictive relationship between supervisor SRI and perceived student competence as measured by the Spiritual and Religious Competence Assessment and the Spiritual Issues in Supervision Scale. These results inform CES about the importance of SRI and student ability to work with the spiritual and religious beliefs of clients. On this basis, it is recommended that supervisors focus on SRI in supervision. Future research should focus on additional factors related to SRI competence during counselor training.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77523324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1