American medical journal最新文献_第6页

The Role of Inflammation in Development and Therapy of Malignant Mesothelioma 炎症在恶性间皮瘤发展和治疗中的作用

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-30 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.240.248

Jill M. Miller, A. Shukla

引用次数: 6

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-28 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.228.230

J. O. Silveira, F. S. D. Oliveira, F. Vares, Y. B. Bello, C. Reis, M. Orsini, Peter Salem Junior, G. Canedo, Lino Sieiro Neto, Amanda Júlia Ramos Bezerra, D. Machado, V. Bastos, A. Catharino

{"title":"Schizencephaly: Case Report","authors":"J. O. Silveira, F. S. D. Oliveira, F. Vares, Y. B. Bello, C. Reis, M. Orsini, Peter Salem Junior, G. Canedo, Lino Sieiro Neto, Amanda Júlia Ramos Bezerra, D. Machado, V. Bastos, A. Catharino","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.228.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.228.230","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Whereas schizencephaly is a malformation of cortical development which exact cause remains unknown, is almost entirely characterized by clefts extending from the pial surface to ependymal surface and could be unilateral or bilateral. Oftentimes, it also occurs in association with other abnormalities. Over the years, two types were described in literature, lips closed and open. Therefore, our intention is describe a case of schizencephaly monitored by the Neurology Service of Nova Iguacu University Hospital. Approach: A 29-year old single male student, presenting clinical history of epilepsy since he was 23 years old (partial seizures with secondary generalization) showed a global delay in neuropsychomotor development. Results: The patient has been admitted in the emergency department and his seizures were controlled with IV diazepan, followed by phenobarbital and phenotoyn. CT scan has revealed a cortical maldevelopment described as bilateral schizencephaly. After these procedures, he was released six days later, seizure-free, using carbamazepine and phenotyn. Conclusion: Is indeed that prognosis for individuals with schizencephaly varies depending on the size of the clefts and the neurological deficit degree. In general, treatment for individuals with schizencephaly usually consists of physical therapy, occupational therapy, treatment for seizures and, in a few cases complicated by hydrocephalus, a shunt is required.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"228-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.228.230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70192114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent Clinical Advancement of the Effects of Parathyroid Analogues on Fracture Healing in Humans: A Review of Literature 甲状旁腺类似物对人类骨折愈合作用的最新临床进展:文献综述

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-27 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.220.227

W. W. Ee, W. Lau, H. Sivasubramanian, D. Murphy

{"title":"Recent Clinical Advancement of the Effects of Parathyroid Analogues on Fracture Healing in Humans: A Review of Literature","authors":"W. W. Ee, W. Lau, H. Sivasubramanian, D. Murphy","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.220.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.220.227","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Numerous animal studies have shown that administration of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) or a related analogue promotes callus formation and bone union. However, there has yet to be sufficient evidence in human subjects to justify the use of PTH or related analogues in promoting fracture healing. The purpose of this paper is to (1) review all literature involving the use of PTH analogues in humans (2) compare the clinical efficacy of PTH analogues to conventional management of fracture healing and (3) evaluate the safety profile and potential side-effects of PTH analogues administered in humans. Approach: We conducted a systematic review of multiple databases analysing papers within the last 10 years. All studies involving the use of PTH analogues in humans were included. All animal studies were excluded. Appropriate statistics regarding patients age, gender, site of fracture, teriparatide treatment regime, clinical outcomes and imaging outcomes were extracted, analysed and summarized. Results: A total of 10 observational studies and 2 randomized controlled trials were evaluated in this study. With administration of teriparatide (PTH1-34), the mean time to 100% disappearance of fracture site pain was 3.1 months ±0.7 months. Delayed or non-union fractures achieved bony bridging in 4.3 months. For new fractures treated non-surgically, there have been reports of shorter time to cortical bridging in the treatment group (7.4 weeks, n = 34, p = 0.006) as compared to the control group (9.1 weeks, n = 34). Lastly, a total of 8 out of 254 patients (3.1%) experienced mild side effect from teriparatide administration. Conclusion: Teriparatide shows promise to be a viable option for the treatment of fractures. Although initial studies do prove encouraging, greater evidence is needed to evaluate the optimal dosing regimen and the patient and fracture types that would achieve the best response.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"220-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.220.227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70192076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Aluminium Chloride Exposure Had No Effects on the Epididymis of Wistar Rats 氯化铝暴露对Wistar大鼠附睾无影响

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-25 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.210.219

A. Buraimoh, S. Ojo, J. Hambolu, S. Adebisi

{"title":"Aluminium Chloride Exposure Had No Effects on the Epididymis of Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Buraimoh, S. Ojo, J. Hambolu, S. Adebisi","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.210.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.210.219","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium is a ubiquitous element and one of the tr ace elements with moderate toxic effect on living organism. It is generally a recognized ne urotoxin that is believed to be at the root cause o f Alzheimer's disease and third most abundant element in the earth's crust after oxygen and silicon. Traditionally, aluminium has been considered as nontoxic to humans. However, in recent years, increased attention is being focussed on possible a dverse effect of aluminium on human health. The epididymis is very important in the storage of sper m cell (spermatozoa). This study was conducted in order to evaluate the histological appearance of th e epididymis following the oral administration of Aluminium Chloride. Ten wistar rats were used for t his study. The wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: Group I was the control that rec eived distil water only, group II received 475 mg Kg -1 , group III received 950 mg kg -1 , group IV received 1,425 mg kg -1 , group V received 1,900 mg kg -1 for duration of eight weeks; after which the wista r rats were humanely sacrificed, the epididymis removed and fixed in bouin's fluid. The epididymis was processed and stained in Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE therefore, storage of sperm in the epididymis could be safe.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"210-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.210.219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70192068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Effects of Body Weight-Support Treadmill Training in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Critical Review 体重支撑跑步机训练对不完全性脊髓损伤的影响:一项重要综述

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-23 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.203.209

R. T. Vieira, Rafaela Machado de Gusmão Oliveira, Camila Alves Nogueira Barros, L. Caixeta, S. Machado

{"title":"Effects of Body Weight-Support Treadmill Training in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Critical Review","authors":"R. T. Vieira, Rafaela Machado de Gusmão Oliveira, Camila Alves Nogueira Barros, L. Caixeta, S. Machado","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.203.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.203.209","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: The present study reviewed the efficacy of body-weight support treadmill training in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury. Approach: We developed a computer-supported search strategy for finding studies in the main data bases: Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scielo. We also developed a manual search withing all electronically references found. The search terms gait, locomotor training, spinal cord injury, SCI, body-weight support treadmill training were used. Only papers published in English and conducted from 1991 up to 2012 were preferentially reviewed. The inclusion criteria were: (a) studies using body-weight support treadmill training in patients with iSCI; (b) studies with iSCI patients classified as ASIA C or D. The exclusion criteria were: (a) studies comparing the BWSTT with manual and robotic techniques and associated BWSTT with the use of drugs. Results: After a careful electronic search in the data bases, forty seven articles were found. Studies with patients of ASIA A and/or B26 classification, studies comparing the BWSTT with manual and robotic techniques and studies associating BWSTT with the use of drugs were excluded of the study. Thus, only 21 articles were selected. Conclusion: iSCI is a severe neurological condition that causes serious compromises, such as gait disability. The wide use of BWSTT seems to be an effective, safe and reliable method for functional rehabilitation of gait. Even though, there is no sufficient scientific evidence to confirm that the BWSTT is superior to the other rehabilitation techniques.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"203-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.203.209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70192029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comparative Analysis of UGT1A9 Genetic Polymorphisms between Chinese Han and Tibetan Populations 汉藏人群UGT1A9遗传多态性比较分析

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-23 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.194.202

Wei Yan, Jian Cui, Yuewen Wang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Fangfang Yang, E. Chen, Min Wang, Jin Yang

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of UGT1A9 Genetic Polymorphisms between Chinese Han and Tibetan Populations","authors":"Wei Yan, Jian Cui, Yuewen Wang, Xiaoqing Zhang, Fangfang Yang, E. Chen, Min Wang, Jin Yang","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.194.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.194.202","url":null,"abstract":"Although various polymorphisms have been identified in the UGT1A9 gene in the main sorts of ethnic groups in the world, no investigations have been focused on the Chinese Tibetan populations and the comparison between Chinese Tibetan and Han populations to date. This study was designed to systematically compare genetic differences between the two populations. We investigated the functional regions of UGT1A9 in 200 unrelated healthy Chinese volunteers, comprising 100 Tibetan and 100 Han individuals from Qinghai and Shaanxi, respectively, by using direct sequencing. A total of 21 different genetic variants, including 7 novel variants were identified. According to the results of comparative analysis, the allele frequencies of three common variants (-1888T>G, 95246T>C, 96292C>T) were significantly different between Tibetan and Han populations (p?0.05). However, there were no differences of linkage disequilibrium patterns, haplotype structures and htSNPs between the two populations. UGT1A9*1b was the prevalent defective alleles in Chinese population. In addition, -1888T>G, -1819T>C, -441C>T affected the binding of transcriptional factors and four of the missense mutations (P361L, N397H, P448L and Y483D) were highly conserved among the three different species (Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus and Danio rerio). In short, there are significant differences of genetic information of UGT1A9 between Chinese Tibetan and Han populations. The determined genetic information of UGT1A9 in Chinese Tibetan and Han populations might serve as a baseline for larger studies on pharmacogenomics and also provide important data for the advance of personalized medicine in Chinese Han and Tibetan populations.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.194.202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary Fats and Heart Disease: From Prenatal to Postnatal Environment 膳食脂肪与心脏病:从产前到产后环境

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-10 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.175.182

S. Cheema

{"title":"Dietary Fats and Heart Disease: From Prenatal to Postnatal Environment","authors":"S. Cheema","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.175.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.175.182","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and is dramatically increasing in developing countries. Preventive approaches, such as dietary and lifestyle changes can have major health implications to prevent the onset of heart disease. Besides healthy nutrition in the adult life, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation can also have a significant impact on the outcome of heart disease in the later life of the offspring. Approach: Higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, especially Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. We have used various animal models and dietary strategies to investigate the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. We also manipulated maternal diets during pregnancy and lactation to study the outcome of heart disease in the offspring in later life. Results: Reducing the intake of saturated and trans fatty acids reduce the risk of heart disease, while polyunsaturated fatty acids elicit beneficial health effects. Amongst polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 class of fatty acids, are associated with lower incidence of heart disease however, an increased consumption of omega-6 fatty acids may increase the risk of heart disease. Higher intake of saturated fat during pregnancy and lactation inhibits the gene expression of LDL receptor which leads to an increase in plasma LDL-cholesterol levels of the offspring thereby putting the offspring at a higher risk of heart disease. Conclusion/Recommendations: An optimum ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is critical to reduce the risk of heart disease. Developing countries need to pay a special attention to dietary guidelines to reduce the burden of heart disease.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"175-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.175.182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Paleolithic-Style Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: The Tissue is the Issue? 旧石器时代饮食与冠状动脉疾病:组织是问题?

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-10 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.183.193

E. Toda, Takahashi Toru, Rochika Singh, Shaan E. Alam, F. Meester, A. Wilczynska, Douglas W. Wilson

{"title":"Paleolithic-Style Diet and Coronary Artery Disease: The Tissue is the Issue?","authors":"E. Toda, Takahashi Toru, Rochika Singh, Shaan E. Alam, F. Meester, A. Wilczynska, Douglas W. Wilson","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.183.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.183.193","url":null,"abstract":"Approach: While the Western diet is proatherogenic, Paleolithic-style diet may be protective against Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Results: Western diet is characterized with energy dense, refined, foods with a high glycemic index (e.g., refined starches; biscuits and bread) and unhealthy lipids (e.g., trans fats, saturated fat, omega-6 rich oils) poor in omega-3 fatty acids, phytochemicals and fibre. These diets are known to predispose inflammation and the epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). CVD, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer and depression, are associated with increased production of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2), leucotrienes, prostacyclin, interleukins-1 and -6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive proteins in the tissues. Increased dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids is known to enhance all these biomarkers which have adverse pro-inflammatory effects resulting in to CVDs. Functional food approaches including consumption of a Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, canola oil, olive oil characterized with low omega-6/omega-3 ratio in the diet, as well as physical activity and meditation can modulate inflammation as well as body-mind interactions and may be protective against risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Inflammation appears to be an important unifying hypothesis. In the absence of inflammation in the tissues, total cholesterol and other lipids may have neutral effects in the arterial tissues and myocardium. Therefore, the tissue is possibly the main issue for treatment.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"183-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.183.193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Physical Therapy Improved Hand Function in a Patient with Traumatic Peripheral Lesion: A Case Study 物理治疗改善外伤性外周病变患者的手功能:一个案例研究

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-06 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.161.168

M. Orsini, J. G. Silva, Clynton Lourenço Corrêa, Diego Rogrigues, A. Oliveira, Valeria Marques Coelho, Debora Gollo, A. Catharino, D. Machado, V. Bastos, M. Leite, G. Souza, C. Reis, S. Menezes

{"title":"Physical Therapy Improved Hand Function in a Patient with Traumatic Peripheral Lesion: A Case Study","authors":"M. Orsini, J. G. Silva, Clynton Lourenço Corrêa, Diego Rogrigues, A. Oliveira, Valeria Marques Coelho, Debora Gollo, A. Catharino, D. Machado, V. Bastos, M. Leite, G. Souza, C. Reis, S. Menezes","doi":"10.3844/AMJSP.2012.161.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.161.168","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Nerves are frequently injured by traumatic lesions , such as crushing, compression (entrapment), stretching, partial and t otal extraction, resulting in damages to the transmission of nerve impulses and to the reduction or loss of sensitivity, to the motility and to the reflexes of the innervated area. The objective of t his study was to evaluate the results of a rehabili tation program that lasted three months in the process of traumatic injury recovery of the median and ulnar nerves in a 52 year-old patient. Approach: The patient underwent an evaluation of the muscle strength and the functional capacity before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment, consisting of movements and specific techniques of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF), which lasted approximately 50-60 min per session and with a freq uency of three weekly visits. She also performed stretching, neural mobilization maneuvers, ultrasou nd and laser. Results: The physical therapy approach proposed, in the present case, minimized the injury impact and facilitated the gradual return of patie nts to basic and instrumental activities of daily living. It was possible to observe improvement on the funct ional abilities and the muscle strength after the end of the protocol. Conclusion: The morphological and functional recovery after a nerve injury is rarely complete and perfect, as it was in this case. Howev er, a proper clinical management, combined with a rehabilitation protocol can minimize the deficiencies and facilitate the return of patients to their daily ac tivities.","PeriodicalId":89887,"journal":{"name":"American medical journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJSP.2012.161.168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

State of the Art: Practical Approach for Diagosis of Pulmonary Embolism 最新进展:肺栓塞诊断的实用方法

American medical journal Pub Date : 2012-08-01 DOI: 10.3844/AMJSP.2012.141.146

N. Srivali, Supawat Ratanapo, P. Suksaranjit, W. Cheungpasitporn, Daych Chongnarungsin

引用次数: 3