American journal of health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Creating an “Invitational Classroom” in the Online Educational Milieu","authors":"B. Perry, M. Edwards","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6747","url":null,"abstract":"Parker Palmer, a scholar who studied effective face-to-face teaching, introduced the term the “invitational classroom” (1993, p. 71). In particular Palmer emphasized that “an air of hospitality” facilitated an inviting educational environment (p. 71). Hospitality in Palmer’s words means “receiving each other, our struggles, our newborn ideas, with openness and care” (p. 74). Palmer concludes that both teachers and learners experience positive consequence when the class environment is invitational. This paper explores a category of innovative teaching strategies, called artistic pedagogical technologies (APTs) that facilitate the experience of an invitational classroom in online courses (Perry & Edwards, 2010). APTs are teaching strategies founded in the arts. APTs described in this paper include photovoice, parallel poetry, and conceptual quilting. A study of the effect of these APTs on graduate students and instructors from a Canadian online university is described. The data collection and data analysis processes used in the study are detailed. Both students and instructors found the online classroom environment changed in a positive way in part because of APTs. Research participants reported that APTs initiated, sustained, and enhanced interactions among students and between students and the instructors (Perry & Edwards, 2010). These findings are analyzed using Palmer’s concepts of hospitality and the invitational classroom and Wenger’s Social Theory of Learning (1990). Practical ideas for educators regarding the use of APTS in teaching and course design are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79483079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Of Health Promotion Of District Hospitals In Thailand","authors":"Jutarat Kumpalanon, D. Ayuwat, P. Sanchaisuriya","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6752","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to investigate the health promotion services provided by district hospitals in the northeast of Thailand in order to improve health promotion guideline for district hospitals. The qualitative research was conducted from January 2009 to March 2010. Informants were the managers, the staff members responsible for developing and providing services of health promotion from 19 small, medium and large-sized district hospitals in the Northeastern region of Thailand. The in-depth interview was employed to gather the information analyzed by using content analysis. It was found that the new health promotion trends in district hospitals in the northeast were as follows. The organizational structures for promoting health were obviously defined while active services inside and outside the hospitals were clearly developed which bring health promotion practices to serviced users. Public policy for health was offered in the form of quality control, information management and active services while environmental management emphasized on creating comfort and learning environments for the hospital staff members and serviced users. Collaborations between professional organizations and multi-level networks had been established by district hospitals resulting in services with more accessibility and strengthening local communities. In addition, personal skill development and public health education yielded change to the health behaviors of hospital staff members, serviced users and people in local communities. For health service reorientation, there was emphasis on development of the quality of local community services in forms of professional standard development and assessment of health behavior outcome. The forms of health promotion provided by district hospitals in the northeast that were found were public policy for health promotion, active services, environmental management for health, community strengthening in form of collaboration networks, personal skill development and public health education for changing behavior, and change of health services. In order to improve health promotion, health promotion policies must be clearly defined and collaboration between stakeholders both inside and outside hospitals must be supported.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90094839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity Acceptance: Recipe For A Pandemic","authors":"J. Deboy, Sally B. Monsilovich","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6750","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the well-publicized media coverage of the escalating rates of obesity and its co-morbidities, the American public seems largely unconcerned. While the reasons for societal inaction to this health dilemma are complex and interdependent, one factor seems particularly salient: obesity acceptance. This article will examine how and why this notion has devolved from acceptance of the person with obesity to acceptance (and in some cases outright celebration) of the condition obesity. Until such melding is separated, real progress in advancing public health in this arena will continue to founder.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85729030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interprofessional Education In Healthcare: Establishing A Successful Dialogue For Students And Faculty","authors":"L. Goldberg, V. Mosack, J. Brickell","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V3I1.6753","url":null,"abstract":"Effective healthcare today is built on interprofessional, population- and evidence-based approaches to provide care that is safe, timely, equitable, patient-centered, and efficient. As a result, there is increasing recognition by faculty, administrators, and community professionals of the importance of providing students with ongoing opportunities to problem-solve and learn together in interprofessional teams. In order to document baseline data on the interprofessional activities underway in a College of Health Professions, faculty and staff in each of the College’s departments completed a published survey, Interprofessional Education Assessment and Planning Instrument for Academic Institutions. Faculty comments showed they viewed interprofessional education and collaborative clinical practice as important. However, survey data showed interprofessional education generally was limited to discipline-specific activities. Data were important in encouraging faculty to begin a productive dialogue as to how interprofessional education opportunities could be implemented more effectively for students.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85962425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Do Educators Need To Know To Promote Student Performance On Dual Tasks","authors":"G. Zipp","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6630","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s society, doing two things at once is the norm. As educators, especially in the area of physical education and special education, we assist students in performing multiple motor tasks successfully at one time. Understanding how the performance of multiple tasks affects the success of the overall performance may provide educators with knowledge regarding the most effective and efficient learning strategies to be used when teaching dual task performance. Therefore, this study was designed to provide insight by comparing the effects of performing dual tasks requiring different attentional demands on walking parameters in 6- and 7-year old children. It was hypothesized that a task, which requires a higher degree of attentional demands, would cause a disturbance of the children’s gait, with greater changes noted in the younger children. The subject population comprised of 13 boys, six 7-year olds (mean age=7 yrs, 4 mos) and seven 6-year olds (mean age=6 yrs, 6 mos) with no known medical problems. The subjects in both age groups walked at self-selected velocities over the Gait Rite Gold mat which is a 4 meter by 0.5 meter computerized walkway designed to capture spatial and temporal parameters of gait. Each subject walked under four conditions, with four trials per condition. The conditions were: 1) self-paced walking, 2) self-paced walking holding a 3/4 full, open plastic pitcher of water, 3) self-paced walking carrying a knapsack containing weights totaling 15 lbs., and 4) self-paced walking while performing a cognitive task requiring a color/action association verbal response. Conditions 2 and 4 were considered the high attentional demand tasks. The order of the conditions were randomized and counterbalanced across the subjects. Data collection started as the subject stepped onto the mat and ended when the subject stepped off the mat. Multi-factorial ANOVAs on the dependent variables of velocity and cadence, with leg length as the covariant were performed (p < .05). Scheffe post hoc analyses were used to compare individual means. The SPSS program - 11.5 for Windows - was used to perform all the calculations. When looking at conditions, a main effect was noted for velocity p<.001 and cadence p<.049. However, there was no main effect observed for age or age-by-condition interaction. Scheffe post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference in cadence when walking with the water versus self- paced walking only p<.001; for velocity when walking with water versus walking with the knapsack, a trend was noted, p<.07. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that performing a secondary dual task that requires a high degree of attention (walking with water) will have a greater effect on the primary task of gait as noted by gait parameter changes. Interestingly, age did not significantly influence gait changes in these healthy young children. In today’s fast -paced world, doing several things at once is common. For example, walking while ","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77908725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Character Is Key To Ethical Healthcare Leadership","authors":"Valerie Wallingford","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6631","url":null,"abstract":"Character, leadership and ethics are key to long-term success of healthcare organizations. Good character and strong ethics together assist leaders in making good decisions. Leaders who base their decisions on the Golden Rule (do unto others as you would have them do unto you) make ethical decisions. It is not essential that healthcare leaders adopt any one of the many different leadership theories and styles, but what is essential is that they assess their current character, ethics, and leadership skills and create a plan on how they will continue to grow and develop to the level they would like to be. Leaders that seek to develop good character and strong leadership through continued growth in knowledge and understanding along with a commitment to ethical practices will contribute to organizational success.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73761288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive Efficiency And Optimal Firm Size: The Case Of US Health Services Industry","authors":"Emmanuel I.S. Ajuzie, Adam Bouras, F. Edoho, David Bouras, Aloyce R. Kaliba, Roberto M. Ike, Abhirjun P Dutta","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6632","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the link between firm size and productive efficiency. In so doing, it attempts to determine optimal firm sizes in terms of market capitalization and total asset thereby allowing firms to achieve higher level of productive efficiency. The results indicate that the optimal firm size in terms of market capitalization is $13.1 billion. In terms of total asset, the optimal firm size is $10.3 billion. The results also suggest that there is a threshold above which an increase in firm size adversely affects the level of productive efficiency. The results have important implications for managerial policies regarding firm restructuring. To achieve higher productive efficiency, smaller firms have to pursue expansion strategies through mergers and acquisitions. Larger firms, on the other hand, have to pursue divestment strategies to reduce the size of their assets, particularly by refocusing on core competencies.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90190315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencers On The Decision For Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study And Proposed Model","authors":"Elmer Ragus, H. A. Harmon, Craig A. Conrad","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6633","url":null,"abstract":"The costs associated with obesity in the United States are estimated to be $120 billion annually and an estimated 400,000 deaths. In addition, obesity has been shown to significantly diminish the quality of life through lower self-esteem, depression, and discomfort in social situations. Although the treatment for obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 40, through bariatric surgery is not new, the literature is lacking in explaining the decision to undergo the procedure. The research reported here employs a small sample as a pilot study to examine potential influences on the decision-making process. Scales from the existing literature, e.g., vanity, fear of success, are adapted for this research. The findings suggest that prospective patients seek an enhanced quality of life but criticism by loved ones does not significantly influence the decision. The results suggest several issues that should be examined in greater detail with a larger sample.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79664774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Financial And Cost Accounting Implications Of The Increased Role Of Advanced Nurse Practitioners In U.S. Healthcare","authors":"P. J. Carruth, A. Carruth","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6622","url":null,"abstract":"On March 23, 2010, the Affordable Care Act became law. The need for healthcare reform was prompted by an imperative to reduce the relentless increase in spending on medical care in the United States. One approach to examining and solving the problem of escalating costs is to focus on applying proven principles of evidence-based practice and cost-effectiveness practices to find the least-expensive way to ensure clinical services of acceptable quality without sacrificing patient satisfaction. Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) have positioned themselves to serve an integral role in national health care reform. A successful transformation of the nation's health system will require utilization of all clinicians, including highly qualified APRNs, to provide cost- effective, accessible, patient-centered care. There is extensive, consistent evidence that nurse practitioners (NPs) provide care of equal or better quality at lower cost than comparable services provided by other qualified health professionals. However, current policies in many states prevent NPs from practicing within their full, legally defined scopes of practice. The Office of Technology Assessment's conclusions noted in 1981 that APRNs can be substituted for physicians in a significant portion of medical services with at least similar outcomes. Since then, numerous studies have supported that the care provided is equal to those provided by physicians for services within the overlapping scopes of licensed practice. This paper combines economic analysis with review of literature on health care reform initiatives to explore how the goals of healthcare reform can be accomplished by advanced nurse practitioners to provide their wide range of services directly to patients in a variety of clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74902662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Benchmarks For Prior Learning Assessment: An Exploratory Study","authors":"M. Day","doi":"10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/AJHS.V2I2.6628","url":null,"abstract":"Prior Learning Assessment (or PLA) has assumed a new importance for Nurse Education in the UK as the Nursing and Midwifery Council has recently indicated that up to 50% of the pre registration nursing programme could be achieved by an individual – through an assessment of their prior learning. [1]. However, despite the emergence of PLA guidelines for higher education institutions [2], the assessment of prior learning in UK universities is still: \"Characterized by inconsistency and lack of coherence.” [3] .This paper discusses the results o f an exploratory study, which attempted to make the practice of PLA in UK Schools of Nursing clearer and much more explicit. A benchmarking approach is used, based on original work conducted within North America [4]. The findings show that benchmarks for PLA can identify the key purpose; functions and activities associated with the PLA Adviser and PLA Assessor role. Also, contrary to the literature PLA methodology is not based on any particular ideology. Rather, it appears to be context dependent and is more likely to be influenced by: (a) the needs of the individual; (b) the time and resources that are available; and (c) university regulations. This finding suggests that a more eclectic approach towards PLA might now be emerging within UK Schools of Nursing. Each of these findings is now the subject of further study.","PeriodicalId":89884,"journal":{"name":"American journal of health sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91231564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}