Online journal of health ethics最新文献

{"title":"Does Theory Translate in the Trenches of Short Term Mission Work","authors":"R. Hensley","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1202.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1202.04","url":null,"abstract":"Despite numerous criticisms in the literature on the ethics and sustainable outcomes of shortterm international mission trips, there can be positive outcomes for volunteers and for recipients of short-term mission care efforts. Utilizing a theoretical framework that addresses efforts to promote sustainability can lead to a structured, productive, and satisfying experience. With effective host country partnerships and an organized model of care delivery, international mission volunteers can provide highly effective health care services that are specific to the health and cultural needs of the host community. Does Theory Translate in the Trenches of Short Term Mission Work? Authors: Rhonda D. Hensley (University of Louisiana at Monroe) In the last ten years, there have been increasingly larger numbers of Americans who are engaging in short-term mission (STM) trips to remote and often very under-served and underdeveloped countries, particularly in Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia. With easier travel and the growth of agencies who sponsor and direct short-term missions, this has become a popular venture for health care workers, church workers, college and high school students, construction workers, and many others. A STM is typically a trip to another country or area which lasts an average of 5 to 14 days with a variety of health and humanitarian services provided for local residents. The universal intent of STM trips is generally to provide goods and/or services that will improve the quality of life for locals. There are more than 500 American groups who organize and lead more than 6,000 STM annually from the U. S. (Bartelme, 2015, Niujokas, 2013). Medical mission trip participants include physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, dentists, pharmacists, ministers, community leaders, and college and high school students. Participant expenses for the STM range from $1,500 to $4,000 per person, depending on the area of travel and the travel organization. Annually, U. S. citizens spend in excess of $250 million on these STM. It is not uncommon to embark on a STM and meet other teams in the same international airport headed to the same general region to provide helpful services somewhere in that same country. I have been in hub airports waiting on my flight headed to Guatemala or Haiti and observed 3 to 4 groups, each dressed in their identical team T-shirts eagerly awaiting their flights to serve in their assigned areas. One group of short-term mission goers are those enrolled in university professional programs such as medicine, nursing and pharmacy. These professional programs utilize the STM trips as part of an educational offering to enhance and foster a greater appreciation for global health; in some cases students enroll in an actual credit course with the STM project as the course activity. My own university just recently sponsored a trip for pharmaceutical students to Nicaragua during their Spring break period (ULM, 2016). Pharmacy and me","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Confluence of Philosophy And Biology: An Excavation of Philosophical Issues in Molecular and Developmental Biology","authors":"Patrick Johnson Mendie, Emmanuel Bassey Eyo","doi":"10.18785/ojhe.1202.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/ojhe.1202.07","url":null,"abstract":"Philosophical evaluations have played an influential role in the growth and development of molecular and developmental biology to ensure that every individual is born healthy, born wanted, and has the privilege to fulfil his or her potentials for a life free from disease and disability. This is why it becomes necessary for biologists to carefully understand human genes, evolution, cells and general human anatomy to fulfil this project. During this process, they are faced with challenges where they also lack the foundation on how to solve them. This challenge gave birth to a philosophical excavation of molecular and developmental biology. This paper is an attempt to expose that philosophy is a major tool in proffering possible solutions to issues related to biology through one of the new dimensions in philosophy, namely philosophy of biology. It is one of the most exciting new areas in the field of philosophy which is attracting much attention in the contemporary philosophical studies. In this paper, we posit that issues in molecular and developmental biology will be of success when the fundamental tools of philosophy are being taken into consideration cognizant that philosophy and biology viz-a-viz philosophy of biology, can be seen as a single inquiry into the nature of man-well-being. The Confluence of Philosophy and Biology: An Excavation of Philosophical Issues in Molecular and Developmental Biology Patrick Johnson Mendle, University of Calabar, Calabar & Emmanuel Bassey Eyo, PhD INTRODUCTION The topic “The confluence of Philosophy and Biology: An excavation of philosophical issues in molecular and developmental biology” deals with an evaluation from a philosophical approach on issues related to the assumptions and presuppositions of molecular and developmental biology through one of the dimensions of philosophy called Philosophy of Biology. Philosophy of Biology is one of the most thought provoking areas in the field of philosophy of science and one that is attracting many contributions from both philosophers and scientists. Because of its exciting nature, many researchers are dedicated to making positive contributions to the growth and development of biological studies. In the study of biology great philosophers like Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer have contributed immensely in shaping and developing the course. In the nineteenth century, the works of Charles Darwin (1959) gave biology a modern and great evolutionary approach as expounded in his book “On the Origin of Species; also the works of James Watson and Francis Crick on “Molecular Biology” were all monumental in twentieth century. In twenty-first century biology, the discovery of DNA in genetic engineering, the AIDS epidemic, the practice of parabiosis, the human genome project, human cloning, germ-line modifications, harvesting of body tissues, foetal neural transplantation, tattoo making, breast implants, breast ironing, sperm cell transplants, cryonic","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"132 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The abortion debate: a contribution from Ibuanyidanda perspective","authors":"P. Bisong, J. Ogar, Asira E. Asira","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1202.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1202.06","url":null,"abstract":"The morality of abortion has been the subject of debate among scholars for many years. The anti-abortionists query the rationale behind the destruction of one individual (the fetus) for the survival of another individual (the mother). The pro-abortionists on the other hand point to the benefit of abortion to the mother and the society at large as a veritable reason for the support of abortion. The concern of this research is that the pro-abortionists seem to be winning the debate, as more and more countries are legalizing abortion, and in the countries where abortion is still illegal, like Nigeria, the law is being defied daily and people are committing it en masse. This work aims at resolving and possibly reversing this trend by attempting to proffer sufficient reasons why abortion should be discouraged. This, it is hoped, will counter the pro-abortionist view which has provided the impetus for many to undergo abortion. Ibuanyidanda philosophy provides us with a suitable framework for the articulation of a different way to conceive human relationship and abortion in particular. The fetus is a missing link of reality that must be sustained in existence to keep in balance the complementary horizon inherent in the world. Ibuanyidanda conceives all missing links as constituting a complementary horizon which must be sustained to avoid the boomerang effect. It is based on this that we developed a moral argument that counters the anti-abortionist views. Abortion is wrong because the fetus is part of the complementary horizon that binds all reality into a unified whole. Abortion puts a knife to this complementary web. This work made use of philosophical methods like speculations, evaluation, criticism and argumentation in the assessment of the problem of abortion. The Abortion Debate: A Contribution from Ibuanyidanda Perspective Peter B. Bisong – University of Calabar, Nigeria; Joseph N. Ogar – University of Calabar, Nigeria & Asira E. Asira –University of Calabar, Nigeria INTRODUCTION The morality of abortion has been contested for many years now. It is a debate that has engaged the philosophers, scientists, psychologists, medical experts, ethicists, religionists and other scholars. Many have argued against abortion (anti-abortionists) and many have argued in favor (pro-abortionists) of it. The debate continues, and the pro-abortionists seem to be winning the debate, as more and more countries are legalizing abortion. The anti-abortionists are in essence not giving up, for though many countries are still considering legalizing it, many have declared it illegal. The Pro-abortionists argue that abortion is right. Derek (1993) for instance, points at the reduction of the death rate due to abortion since the legalization of abortion in America as a reason to support abortion. Other scholars like Harris (1985) argue that \"the embryo or the fetus has no brain; hence ,lacks value and should be aborted at will.\" Appleton (2015) supports this position and argue","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health promotion in Bangladesh through the community health clinics: A Foucauldian analysis","authors":"Biplab Kumar Halder","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1202.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1202.05","url":null,"abstract":"The system of community health clinics in Bangladesh is contributing largely to improving the public health status of rural communities in Bangladesh. The significant success of this health promotion program leads medicine to its summit of power to influence the prevalent power structure in rural Bangladesh. A critical analysis of this paradigm shift is demanded in the context of public health. A Foucauldian analysis of the public health scenario of Bangladesh is most relevant in this context. In the paper, I propose a critical analysis of the public health apparatus of Bangladesh as manifested in the community health clinics, from the Foucauldian perspective of Discipline, Body, Power, and Space. Definitely, Foucault’s historical analysis of health in eighteenth century Europe in his Power/Knowledge is instrumental in the analysis of the medicalization of family in the public-private partnership model of Community Health Clinics. However, his other writings such as Discipline and Punish and Madness and Civilization are also relevant to the analysis of a) how self-subjection becomes an element in the empowerment process of the public health initiative in Bangladesh; b) how the concept of hygiene and new diseases serve as a means of social control in the politics of medicine; c) how medicine accumulates morals like trust, solidarity, and common good in its normative role to the exercise of bio-power; and, finally d) how rural space becomes an important phenomenon of medicine in contemporary Bangladesh. It is taken for granted that the community health clinics are contributing positively to improving the public health condition. However, many stories are untold in this picture of health promotion. In this paper, I analyze the public health promotion program of Bangladesh in light of the above questions to understand the power structure and the paradigm shift of the body politic in terms of health. Public Health Promotion in Bangladesh Through the Community Health Clinics: A Foucauldian Analysis Biplab Kumar Halder – Jahangirnagar University","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaching Organ Transplant in Islam from a Multidimensional Framework","authors":"Daniel J. Hurst","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1202.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1202.08","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of organ transplant has been highly contested within Islam. Though the majority of Muslims now accept the validity of the practice from both live and deceased donors, this is by no means a universal consensus. In particular Islamic contexts, the subject of organ transplant remains a major subject of debate. Intertwined with the debate of organ transplant is the sensitive and complex issue of what constitutes death. Bioethical decision-making in Islam takes place within a multi-dimensional framework of authorities and themes. With no central authoritative body for the Islamic community, general consensus on bioethical matters is difficult to locate. The central thesis of this article is that because Islamic bioethics takes place within a multidimensional framework, there remains no common consensus on the question of organ transplant. Though a majority of Muslims have accepted the practice, others continue to find it haram, or forbidden. Approaching Organ Transplant in Islam from a Multidimensional Framework 1) Introduction The subject of organ transplant has been highly contested within Islam. Though the majority of Muslims now accept the validity of the practice from both live and deceased donors, this is by no means a universal consensus. In particular Islamic contexts, the subject of organ transplant remains a major subject of debate. Intertwined with the debate of organ transplant is the sensitive and complex issue of what constitutes death. What is more, when applying the issue of authority—the Qur’an, Sunna, and Sharia—in Islam to the question of organ transplantation, the matter of interpretation and possessing no singular Islamic response to the topic becomes apparent. Bioethical decision-making in Islam takes place within a multi-dimensional framework of authorities and themes. With no central authoritative body for the Islamic community, such as the Magisterium for the Catholic Church, general consensus on bioethical matters is difficult to locate. Therefore, the central thesis of this article is that since Islamic bioethics takes place within a multidimensional framework, there remains no common consensus on the question of organ transplant. Though it does appear that the majority of Muslims have accepted the practice, others continue to find it haram, or forbidden (Budiani and Shibly, 2008). This article will proceed as follows: section 2 will focus on the background of organ transplant within Islam. Section 3 details the resistance to organ transplant, and section 4 provides an overview of the rationale used by those who accept the practice within the Islamic community. 2) Background Organ transplant in Islam has experienced a somewhat contentious history. The Qur’an and Sunna, the divine revelation within Islam from which Muslims look to for instruction, is silent on the issue of organ donation and transplant. For a document revealed to Muhammad in the early seventh-century, it is not surprising that the Qur’an and the P","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noetic Propaedeutic Pedagogy as a Panacea to the Problem of Abortion","authors":"P. Bisong","doi":"10.18785/ojhe.1201.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/ojhe.1201.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ethics of Consciousness and Caring","authors":"S. Davis","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1201.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1201.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67706848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"The Box\" and the Dark Night of the Soul: An Autoethnography from the Force of Losing a Child in the Delivery Room","authors":"S. Piñón","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1201.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1201.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67706843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impediments of Corruption on the Efficiency of Healthcare Service Delivery in Nigeria","authors":"Daniel O Tormusa, Augustine Mogom Idom","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1201.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1201.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress of Conscience: Concept Clarification","authors":"Muder Alkrisat, Manal Alatrash","doi":"10.18785/OJHE.1201.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18785/OJHE.1201.02","url":null,"abstract":"Workers in healthcare systems are predisposed to work-related stress based on moral factors. Stress results when nurses are exposed to ambiguous moral situations, or when they are prevented by hospitals or their employer from doing what they ought to do. Such experiences have been described as stress of conscience because they give rise to a troubled conscience. Empirical studies indicate that healthcare employees, including nurses, sometimes refer to stress of conscience when faced with ethically difficult situations related to patient care.","PeriodicalId":89828,"journal":{"name":"Online journal of health ethics","volume":"12 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67707067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}