Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy最新文献

{"title":"Special Considerations for Measuring Energy Expenditure with Doubly Labeled Water under Atypical Conditions","authors":"S. Bhutani, Natalie M. Racine, T. Shriver, D. Schoeller","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.S5-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.S5-002","url":null,"abstract":"The global increase in the prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased interest in understanding the factors that influence human total energy expenditure (TEE). This in turn has increased interest in the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, a technique for measurement of total energy expenditure in free-living humans. The increasing use of this method is attributed to its portability, objectivity, minimal invasiveness, high accuracy and good precision. Although a relatively standard protocol for the method has emerged, the new generation of users often is unfamiliar with rationale behind aspects of the protocol as well as the approaches to avoid or correct for in situations that are not covered by the standard protocol procedure. The primary uncommon situations like introduction of isotopically different diet and fluids with or without geographical relocation, seasonal and temperature variations, activity level of participants etc. during or prior to the DLW measurements can lead to shift in baseline abundance of 2H and 18O or tracer elimination, resulting in moderate to large errors in the measured TEE. These unique situations call for special modifications to the conventional protocol to minimize errors. The objective of the present review was to assemble a list of frequently asked questions and the issues they represent, and then examine the available literature to describe and explain the modifications to the standard DLW protocol to maintain the method’s accuracy. This discussion of DLW protocol modification can be an excellent resource for investigators who intend to use this measurement technique for interesting and uncommon study designs.","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.S5-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Training and Insulin Resistance: A Current Review","authors":"T. Keshel, R. Coker","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.S5-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.S5-003","url":null,"abstract":"There is a general perception that increased physical activity will improve glucose homeostasis in all individuals. While this is an attractive concept, this conclusion may be overly simplistic and even misleading. The topic was reviewed extensively over 30 years ago and it was concluded that acute exercise enhances glucose uptake. However, in some cases the chronic influence of interventions utilizing exercise may have little effect on glucose metabolism. Moreover, insulin resistance often returns to near baseline levels within a couple of days following cessation of the exercise bout; leaving the overall effectiveness of the intervention in question. Since improving glucose homeostasis should be the focal endpoint of any intervention designed to mitigate the overwhelming degree of insulin resistance in individuals at risk for metabolic disease, it is essential to evaluate the key components of a successful approach.","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.S5-003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70701224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance through Dietary Disinhibition and Restraint.","authors":"Meghan M JaKa,&nbsp;Nancy E Sherwood,&nbsp;Shirley W Flatt,&nbsp;Carly R Pacanowski,&nbsp;Bilgé Pakiz,&nbsp;Cynthia A Thomson,&nbsp;Cheryl L Rock","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the degree to which eating behaviors, such as disinhibition and restraint, are associated with weight loss and weight loss maintenance could contribute to further refinement of effective weight management intervention strategies. The purpose of this analysis was to examine if these factors mediate weight loss or weight loss maintenance using data from a randomized controlled trial testing a commercial weight loss program that delivered behavioral counseling and structured meal plans including prepackaged foods. Mediation analyses were used to examine whether changes in disinhibition and restraint mediated the relationship between intervention and weight change during initial weight loss (0-6 months), continued weight loss (6-12 months), or weight loss maintenance (12-24 months) phases. Only decreases in disinhibition between baseline and 6 months mediated the intervention effect on initial weight loss. Our results suggest the mediation effects of these eating behaviors are modest and other factors contribute to a larger, more complex long-term weight loss prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34456544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Starch/Low Dairy Diet Results in Successful Treatment of Obesity and Co-Morbidities Linked to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).","authors":"Jennifer L Phy,&nbsp;Ali M Pohlmeier,&nbsp;Jamie A Cooper,&nbsp;Phillip Watkins,&nbsp;Julian Spallholz,&nbsp;Kitty S Harris,&nbsp;Abbey B Berenson,&nbsp;Mallory Boylan","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects approximately 15% of reproductive-age women and increases risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer and infertility. Hyperinsulinemia is believed to contribute to or worsen all of these conditions, and increases androgens in women with PCOS. Carbohydrates are the main stimulators of insulin release, but research shows that dairy products and starches elicit greater postprandial insulin secretion than non-starchy vegetables and fruits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet results in weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective 8-week dietary intervention using an ad libitum low starch/low dairy diet in 24 overweight and obese women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and ≤ 45 kg/m²) with PCOS. Diagnosis of PCOS was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Weight, BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), fasting and 2-hour glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), HbA1c, total and free testosterone, and Ferriman-Gallwey scores were measured before and after the 8-week intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a reduction in weight (-8.61 ± 2.34 kg, p<0.001), BMI (-3.25 ± 0.88 kg/m², p<0.001), WC (-8.4 ± 3.1 cm, p<0.001), WHtR (-0.05 ± 0.02 inches, p<0.001), fasting insulin (-17.0 ± 13.6 μg/mL, p<0.001) and 2-hour insulin (-82.8 ± 177.7 μg/mL, p=0.03), and HOMA-IR (-1.9 ± 1.2, p<0.001) after diet intervention. Total testosterone (-10.0 ± 17.0 ng/dL, p=0.008), free testosterone (-1.8 pg/dL, p=0.043) and Ferriman-Gallwey scores (-2.1 ± 2.7 points (p=0.001) were also reduced from pre- to post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet resulted in weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33880831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Medical Weight Loss in a Community Setting","authors":"Douglas Carney, Stephen R Schultz, Jeong Lim, William Walters","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000248","url":null,"abstract":"Background Research has shown that meal replacement calorie reduction combined with lifestyle change can more than double the weight loss seen with other diets. However, its widespread acceptance by physicians has been limited, perhaps waiting on evidence that patients are successful in keeping lost weight off. Methods Obese patients (108.4 ± 25.7 kg, BMI 38.1 ± 7.9 kg/m2) used a diet of meal replacements combined with weekly classes. While learning about nutrition, exercise, and accountability, patients tracked calorie intake and physical activity. Weight loss and retention rates for rapid weight loss and maintenance phases were measured. Weights then obtained years after treatment ended showed that patients were keeping lost weight off without any ongoing clinic intervention. Results Records of 714 patients treated in a medical weight loss practice from 2004 through 2012 were reviewed. For all patients, weight loss was 13.6 ± 8.3 kg, and 12.5% of initial weight. The 469 patients who completed 16 weeks of weight loss classes lost 16.7 ± 7.2 kg and 15.1%. 433 patients then enrolled in maintenance classes, and after 12 months had regained only 0.1 ± 9.1 kg and 0.4%. Follow up weights obtained from 173 patients more than 2 years after treatment ended showed persisting weight loss of 14.3 ± 13.7 kg and 12.9%. Final BMI was 32.7 ± 7.7 kg/m2. Conclusion In a medical weight loss program that used meal replacements to reduce calorie intake combined with weekly behavior change classes, weight loss was 16.2 kg and 14.4% for the 61% of all enrollees who completed 16 months of treatment. More importantly, over 2 years later, weight loss of 14.3 kg and 12.9% of initial weight persisted, and patients were not regaining their lost weight.","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative and/or quantitative drinking water recommendations for pediatric obesity treatment.","authors":"Jodi D Stookey, Rigoberto Del Toro, Janice Hamer, Alma Medina, Annie Higa, Vivian Ng, Lydia TinajeroDeck, Lourdes Juarez","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000232","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The qualitative recommendation to 'drink water instead of caloric beverages' may facilitate pediatric obesity treatment by lowering total energy intake. The quantitative recommendation to 'drink enough water to dilute urine' might further facilitate weight loss by increasing fat oxidation via cell hydration-mediated changes in insulin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 8 week randomized intervention tested whether both qualitative-plus-quantitative (QQ) drinking water recommendations result in more weight loss than the qualitative recommendation alone (Q) in 25 children (9-12y) with body mass index at or above the 85^th Percentile, given a reduced glycemic diet and usual physical activity. Random urine osmolality, saliva insulin, and body weight were assessed weekly. Mixed models explored if insulin mediated an effect of urine osmolality on weight loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In intention-to-treat analyses, QQ and Q participants did not differ significantly with respect to level of urine osmolality, saliva insulin, or weight loss. Only 4 out of 16 QQ participants complied with instruction to drink enough water to dilute urine, however. In completers analyses, the compliant QQ participants, who diluted urine osmolality from 910 ± 161 mmol/kg at baseline to below 500 mmol/kg over time (8 week mean±SE: 450 ± 67 mmol/kg), had significantly lower saliva insulin over time (8 week mean±SE: 13 ± 8 pmol/l vs. 22 ± 4 pmol/l) and greater weight loss (mean ± SE: -3.3 ± 0.7kg vs. -2.0 ± 0.5 kg) than compliant Q participants (7 out of 9 participants) who maintained elevated urine osmolality over time (8- week mean±SE: 888 ± 41 mmol/kg). Urine osmolality below 500 mmol/kg was significantly associated with weight loss. Change in saliva insulin partially explained the association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>QQ recommendations may increase weight loss for those able to dilute urine. Work is warranted to pursue cell hydration effects of drinking water for pediatric obesity treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"4 4","pages":"232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33337205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six Month Outcomes of a Primary Care-Based Weight Loss Trial Using a Lay-Trained Counselor.","authors":"Adam Gilden Tsai,&nbsp;Sue Felton","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity remains an important problem in primary health care settings. Intensive counseling from trained nutrition professionals has proven efficacy but is resource intensive. Trials have begun to assess the effectiveness of lower cost counselors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper describes the 6-month outcomes of a high intensity counseling intervention on weight (primary outcome), as well as cardiovascular disease risk factors and health-related quality of life (secondary outcomes). We also sought to assess whether baseline characteristics were associated with 6-month weight change. Participants (n=106) had obesity and at least one co-morbid medical condition. The trial used a trained layperson counselor and provided study participants with subsidized access to an evidence-based regimen of portion-controlled foods. Weight change data were analyzed using intention-to-treat analysis. Participants who dropped out prior to 6 months were assumed to have regained weight.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average weight loss after 6 months was 7.0 kg, equal to 6.5% of initial weight. Significant improvements were noted in blood pressure, waist circumference, glycemic control, mood, and overall health-related quality of life. Most baseline characteristics were not associated with weight loss after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An intensive lifestyle intervention, using a trained layperson and portion-controlled foods, produced clinically significant weight loss at 6 months. Improvements were also noted in cardiovascular disease risk factors and in quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000209","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32759499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peers and Obesity during Childhood and Adolescence: A Review of the Empirical Research on Peers, Eating, and Physical Activity","authors":"S. Salvy, J. Bowker","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity during childhood and adolescence is a growing problem in the United States, Canada, and around the world that leads to significant physical, psychological, and social impairment. In recent years, empirical research on factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity has begun to consider peer experiences, such as peer rejection, peer victimization, and friendship. Peer experiences have been theoretically and empirically related to the “Big Two” contributors to the obesity epidemic, eating and physical activity, but there has not been a comprehensive review of the extant empirical literature. In this article, we review and synthesize the emerging theoretical and empirical literatures on peer experiences in relation to: (a) eating (food consumption and food selection); and (b) physical activity, during childhood and adolescence. A number of limitations and issues in the theoretical and empirical literatures are also discussed, along with future research directions. In conclusion, we argue that the involvement of children and adolescents’ peer networks in prevention and intervention efforts may be critical for promoting and maintaining positive behavioral health trajectories.","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70700681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Obesity and History of Abuse among American Indians in Rural California.","authors":"Felicia Hodge, M Susan Stemmler, Karabi Nandy","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000208","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore factors associated with obesity among American Indians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of American Indian adults (N=459) was conducted at 13 rural reservation sites in California. Participants responded to a survey about their health and wellness perceptions. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to assess obesity. A predictive model for BMI was built using a generalized regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having high blood pressure and having a history of verbal abuse in childhood were significant predictors of higher BMI. Participants with high blood pressure were likely to have 3.2 units of BMI higher on average than those who do not have high blood pressure (p-value <0.0001). Similarly, those with a history of childhood verbal abuse were likely to have 1.9 units higher BMI on average compared to those with no such history. Having a history of diabetes or sexual abuse in childhood trend towards increased BMI, although not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying childhood trauma and its impact on adult obesity rates among American Indians provides new avenues for intervention. Efforts to reduce over weight and obesity should include culturally sensitive interventions to ameliorate and repair what is lost through personal violations of stigma, abuse or neglect.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4236913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32833310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned from a Community Based Lifestyle Intervention for Youth at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes.","authors":"Eva M Vivian,&nbsp;Lisa H Colbert,&nbsp;Patrick L Remington","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a peer led diabetes prevention intervention for youth in an underserved community.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children and adolescents randomized to the intervention group participated in a one year program which included peer support, physical activity, and family nutrition, and behavior modification sessions. Participants were asked about their satisfaction with the study and possible benefits, what they learned, and whether they would recommend participation to a friend. Youth randomized to the control group received monthly healthy lifestyle educational materials through the mail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children and adolescents (n=67) with an average age of 12.5 years and BMI greater than or equal to 85 percentile for age and sex were enrolled in the study. The average monthly participation rate varied between 90 and 50 percent with a mean rate of 82 percent. Ninety four percent of parents reported being very satisfied with the program and all (100%) reported they would recommend the program to a friend. All the children and adolescents (100%) reported that they enjoyed working with the youth peer coaches and 94% felt their assigned coach was a good role model. The observed changes in BMI z-score trended towards improvement in the intervention group, but this study was underpowered to detect differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The peer led diabetes prevention program was feasible and acceptable and demonstrated potential for improving health behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":89692,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity & weight loss therapy","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2165-7904.1000191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31968792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}