International journal of person centered medicine最新文献

{"title":"THE BROADENED SCOPE OF A PERSON-CENTERED APPROACH TO WORK, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEING","authors":"Werdie van Staden","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Person-centered medicine (PCM) broadens the practical scope in health practice beyond patient-centered medicine. \u0000Objectives: The objective of this article is to consider what a broadened scope mean in understanding how employment/work relates to the promotion of health and well-being of the patient and the practitioner. \u0000Method: The conceptual scope of PCM is applied in considering the connections of work with health and well-being. The scope of occupational health is accordingly expanded in accounting for the work and well-being of the patient and the practitioner. \u0000Results: PCM puts the person and people before their work. It recognizes that an employed person, whether patient or practitioner, works in a context that is interpersonal and in which all the role players contribute to a healthy milieu. This means that a healthy work–life balance should not be pursued merely as an attribute of an individual, but as a pursuit to which all role players should actively contribute and take joint responsibility. Both the employer and the employee should accordingly invest in a healthy work–life balance, for example. An employer that recognizes in a person-centered way its role in the well-being of its employee is investing in the employee as a valued asset not merely by attending to the person’s ill health and the prevention of ill health and burnout (as is commonly the objective in occupational health programs), but by promoting his or her positive health and well-being. Furthermore, PCM guides the pursuit of a person’s well-being in a healthy work context by accounting for the person’s subjective experiences, values, preferences and interests. \u0000Conclusion: PCM provides for an approach to a healthy work context in which the patient or the practitioner may flourish through active investments for which both the employer and the employee should take responsibility.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83504256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERSONALITY PROFILES IN A SWEDISH LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYED SAMPLE","authors":"Alexandre Granjard, K. Cloninger, Erik Lindskär, Christian Jacobsson, S. Sikström, R. Cloninger, Danilo Garcia","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Long-term unemployment is associated with psychiatric problems, higher risk of suicide, low levels of well-being, and high levels of burnout. In this context, among other factors such as sociodemographic status and IQ, specific personality traits are important for individuals’ chances to finding a job, getting hired, and retaining that job, as well as for coping with the mental health risks related to long-term unemployment. Thus, in order to use person-centered methods to promote public health and sustainable employment during the current and future challenges of the 21st century, an important research area is the mapping and understanding of personality profiles of individuals who are unemployed.  \u0000Objectives: We mapped the personality traits and profiles in a sample of Swedish long-term unemployed (i.e., ≥ 6 months without work) in relation to a control group from the Swedish general population. \u0000Method: 245 long-term unemployed individuals (136 men and 157 women, range 18 to 60 years; M = 25.7; SD = 9.6) were recruited at the beginning of different well-being and employment projects in Blekinge, Sweden. The participants reported gender, age, and other basic demographics, as well as their personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We calculated the T-scores and percentiles for the personality traits using the Swedish normative data (N = 1,948) and clustered participants in different temperament (high/low novelty seeking: N/n, high/low harm avoidance: H/h, high/low reward dependence: R/r) and character profiles (high/low self-directedness: S/s, high/low cooperativeness: C/c, high/low self-transcendence: T/t). \u0000Results: Compared to the general population, the long-term unemployed were extremely higher in harm avoidance (> 1.5 standard deviation), moderately lower in persistence (> 0.5 standard deviation), extremely lower in self-directedness (> 2 standard deviations), and moderately lower in novelty seeking (> 0.5 standard deviation). That is, consistent with past research, our study shows that the personality of long-term unemployed is denoted by being pessimistic, fearful, easily fatigable, underachieving, blaming, helpless, and unfulfilled (i.e., high harm avoidance, low persistence, and low self-directedness), but also by being reserved and rigid (i.e., low novelty seeking). Furthermore, within the unemployed population, as much as 71.60% reported a methodical (nHr) or cautious profile (nHR), and as much as 64.00% reported an apathetic (sct) or a disorganized profile (scT). Moreover, the profile analyses allowed us to show that, within this unemployed population and in relation to each individual’s own profile, about 91.70% were high in harm avoidance, 98.60% were low in self-directedness, 64.00% were low in cooperativeness, and 44.40% low in self-transcendence. \u0000Conclusions: These results indicate a high predictive value by the TCI, especially regarding the specific basic health-related traits or abilities ","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87502725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUMMARY REPORT ON 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PERSON CENTERED MEDICINE","authors":"J. Appleyard","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74417343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE CURRENT JAPANESE CONTEXT","authors":"A. Tsutsumi","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i4.1017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Work style reform in Japan is under way in response to a predicted shortfall in the workforce owing to the country’s low birth rate and high longevity, health problems due to excessive working hours, and the need for diversification of employment. A legal limit for physicians’ overtime work will be introduced in 2024. \u0000Objectives: This study examines the work–life balance among Japan’s doctors in the context of ongoing work style reform. \u0000Methodology: The study applied included selective reviews of demographic shifts, legislation against long working hours, and trends in doctors’ participation in the labor force. \u0000Results: Japan’s doctors work long hours, which creates a conflict between their working and private lives. The proportion of female doctors in Japan is the lowest among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Employment trends among women doctors by age group show an M-curve: many quit their jobs upon marriage or childbirth. Gender role stereotyping has led male Japanese doctors to devote themselves entirely to their professions and working excessively long hours: they leave all family work to their female partners. This stereotyping obliges female doctors to undertake household chores in addition to their career tasks, which makes it difficult for them to re-enter their careers. Because of the harsh working conditions (including long working hours), there has been a decline in newly graduated doctors in some medical specialties. \u0000Conclusions: For sustainable, effective health care in Japan, it is necessary to improve the work conditions for Japan’s doctors towards achieving work–life harmony.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91101833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WORK–LIFE BALANCE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS IN GERMANY CONSIDERING RECENT REGULATIONS","authors":"Ulrich Weigeldt","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.998","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In the light of demographic changes in the population and among the doctors, the German government has in the last two decades taken several regulatory steps to address work–life balance and related issues. \u0000Objective: This article seeks to identify crucial pieces of legislation that may increase the attractiveness for the GP profession in Germany. \u0000Method: The article summarizes important regulatory steps and their results in terms of increasing the attractiveness of the GP profession. \u0000Results: Some regulations in Germany including the “Vertragsarztrechtsänderungsgesetz” led to more flexibilization in terms of the location and the internal structure of GP practices, while others addressed the further digitalization. A central element for creating attractive working conditions for GPs is the possibility of selective and direct contracting between the insurance companies and the GPs, parallel to the more general collective contracting. \u0000Discussion: While some of these regulations helped to make the GP profession more attractive, they have failed to increase the number of GPs especially in rural socially deprived areas. \u0000Conclusion: The government will need to invest more resources in scientific studies (e.g. international comparison) to identifying regulatory measures that help address the growing gap between the amount of GP care needed by the aging population and the level of care provided with the current human resources.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80174916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study using Mind–Body Interventions among Refugees in Sweden","authors":"K. Cloninger, Alexandre Granjard, Nigel Lester, Erik Lindskär, Patricia Rosenberg, C. Cloninger, Danilo Garcia","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.995","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Migration is one of the major challenges of the 21st century with many refugees being victims of torture and experiencing war and the collapse of their society. Sweden, for example, received about 169,520 refugees during 2015 and 20–30% of them were estimated to suffer from mental illness. Nevertheless, research shows that about 66.40% of refugees never reveal their traumatic experiences to a doctor and a majority refuse psychiatric help. Hence, we need innovative methods to promote the physical, mental, and social health of refugees. \u0000Objective: We examined the effects of Anthropedia’s Well-Being Coaching (i.e., a biopsychosocial approach to coaching) and Well-Being Spa (i.e., modern version of age-old Spa interventions) on the personality and health of a sample of refugees living in Sweden. \u0000Methodology: Participants were recruited as part of a health and employment project in Blekinge, Sweden. A total of 70 Syrian refugees were randomly assigned to a six-month intervention comprising either Well-Being Coaching, or Well-Being Spa, or both (i.e., Mind–Body). The participants reported personality (temperament and character), well-being (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, and harmony in life), and ill-being (defeat and entrapment, and anxiety and depression) at the beginning and at the end of the six-month intervention period. \u0000Results: Participants assigned to the Well-Being Coaching intervention showed increases in self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.84), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.36), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.43), and life satisfaction (Cohen’s d = 0.56), and decreases in both negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.38) and defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.89). Participants assigned to the Well-Being Spa intervention showed decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.55), reward dependence (Cohen’s d = 0.69), negative affect (Cohen’s d = 0.82), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.53), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.34), and external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.42). Participants assigned to the Mind–Body intervention showed significant decreases in harm avoidance (Cohen’s d = 0.47), anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.61), depression (Cohen’s d = 0.34), defeat (Cohen’s d = 0.56), external entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.44), and internal entrapment (Cohen’s d = 0.79) and increases in persistence (Cohen’s d = 0.27), self-directedness (Cohen’s d = 0.28), cooperativeness (Cohen’s d = 0.43), self-transcendence (Cohen’s d = 0.51), positive affect (Cohen’s d = 0.42), and harmony in life (Cohen’s d = 0.36). \u0000Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that Well-Being Coaching strengthens refugees’ character, while the Well-Being Spa treatments reduced participants’ tendency to worry and anxiety. Finally, the combination of these two interventions seems to promote the development of health-related traits, reduce ill-health, and stress, and increase well-being in a wider biopsychosocial perspective.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89844430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WORK TIME AND WORK STYLE REFORM AMONG PHYSICIANS IN JAPAN","authors":"Y. Nakashima, T. Yoshikawa, M. Kido, Y. Aizawa, Kichiro Matsumoto","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.996","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The April 2019 amendment of the Labor Standards Act in Japan led to a current ongoing work style reform. The amendment set the monthly overtime cap at 100 hours, but physicians are exempt for the next five years. The work style reform for physicians aims to ensure both their health and well-being and to provide appropriate community medicine. From April 2024, the maximum overtime permitted for physicians will be 100 hours a month and 960 hours a year. Community medicine hospitals, however, will have a different time limit and their physicians will be allowed to work up to 100 hours a month and 1,860 hours a year overtime. Junior/senior residents can also apply for exemption by registering for accredited training programs. Exempt physicians are required to comply with additional measures to ensure their good health and well-being. \u0000Objectives: This paper proposes promotion strategies for work style reform for physicians in Japan. \u0000Method: The Japan Medical Association Physicians’ Work Style Reform Committee developed proposals using the Delphi methods. \u0000Results: To manage physicians’ work time, an objective understanding of real work conditions, a review of employment agreements, active use of occupational health teams, task shifting, support for female physicians, and KAIZEN (a Japanese business philosophy) activities are important. The roles fulfilled by occupational health physicians, hospital directors, supervisors, physicians, patients, and community medicine systems are summarized from the perspective of comprehensive management. \u0000Conclusions: The Japanese health care system defines the work style of Japanese physicians. However, physicians as highly specialized professionals can more or less choose any workplace. A physician being aware of their characteristics and independently choosing their own work style would give meaning to an appropriate work–life balance. True work style reform should aim for this.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87174623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5ta Jornada Latinoamericana de Medicina Centrada en la Persona","authors":"J. Mezzich","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.1000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77477078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES","authors":"J. Snaedal","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.997","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The five Nordic countries and three territories have similar social structure that is based on parliamentarian democracy. The societies are characterized by strong well-fare support and national educational and health care systems. Because of this, the rate of taxes is among the highest in the world. Collaboration between the countries is considerable on all levels of societies. A good example of collaboration between NGO’s is the Nordic Council of Medical Associations. \u0000Objective: To study work-life balance of physicians in the Nordic countries. \u0000Methods: The Medical Associations in the Nordic countries were approached and asked for information on work-life balance of their respective members.  \u0000Results: Studies on health and well-being of physicians made on behalf of the Nordic Medical Associations are not many but they show some worrying signs such as relatively high rate of burnout symptoms that seem to be on the rise but longitudinal data is scarce. In most of the studies, this is linked to heavy workload leading to emotional exhaustion and challenges in finding good work–life balance. There are also indications that loss of autonomy; conflicts at the work place and lack of resources are important causes of burnout symptoms. \u0000Conclusion: Little has been published on the nature of the workload of physicians in the Nordic countries and whether it is affecting the very fundament of physicians’ work, that is, the relationship with the patient.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79899121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE UK NHS EXPERIENCE OF BURNOUT: TIME FOR ACTION","authors":"H. Millar","doi":"10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5750/ijpcm.v9i3.994","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burnout, as a global phenomenon, has probably always existed and been present in all cultures but more recently has been increasingly identified in the public health sector work place. The UK National Health Service (NHS) is the largest employer in Europe with over 1.3 million workers. It therefore reflects many of the challenges common to global health care systems. The escalation of burnout in the UK NHS (National Health Service) is now recognized given the impact on workforce sustainability and the health care delivery. \u0000Objectives: This article aims to highlight the current epidemic of burnout in the UK NHS, its causes, and impact on the workforce and quality of care provided. Strategies developed to improve the health of the NHS workforce will be reviewed and appraised in terms of their impact and limitations to date. \u0000Methods: The methodology includes a broad overview of selected articles/publications focusing on the concept of burnout and the impact on the workforce and patient care and is not intended to be a systematic review. Publications include peer reviewed articles, governmental strategic documents, recent surveys, and relevant responses by health care professionals and other relevant independent bodies. \u0000Results: The current literature highlights that burnout in the NHS is a major concern. It is clear that recognition of the extent of the problem and its impact are crucial for the sustainability of the NHS. The alarming rate of work force attrition is evident and unless immediate drastic steps are taken to address the root causes, the pressure on remaining staff will escalate to breaking point resulting in an inability to sustain services due to further staff losses. Evidence demonstrates that staff burnout adversely affects patient care and increases errors. \u0000Conclusion: It is vital that burnout is addressed as a matter of urgency in order to ensure a healthy and productive workforce and to ensure patients are treated safely and effectively. The NHS’s very survival depends on direct and urgent action to remedy this situation.","PeriodicalId":89680,"journal":{"name":"International journal of person centered medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81567611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}