Epidemiology Research International最新文献_第9页

High Tuberculosis Disease Burden among Indigenous People of the Paraguayan Chaco and Associated Community Characteristics, 2002–2004: An Ecological Study 2002-2004年巴拉圭查科土著居民结核病高负担及相关社区特点:一项生态研究

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-12-20 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841289

Amanda VanSteelandt, A. Hurtado, M. Rolón, A. R. Arias, J. C. Jara

{"title":"High Tuberculosis Disease Burden among Indigenous People of the Paraguayan Chaco and Associated Community Characteristics, 2002–2004: An Ecological Study","authors":"Amanda VanSteelandt, A. Hurtado, M. Rolón, A. R. Arias, J. C. Jara","doi":"10.1155/2015/841289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/841289","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous populations are generally reported to suffer greater active tuberculosis (TB) disease burden. The objective of this study was to examine ecological associations between cases of active adult and pediatric TB reported from 2002 to 2004 and community characteristics in indigenous communities of the Paraguayan Chaco. Adult and pediatric models were examined by negative binomial and Poisson GLM regression, respectively. Active TB prevalence in indigenous people was eight times higher than the nonindigenous population. Communities with a health post were more than twice as likely to report active adult TB (RR = 2.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.14–3.83], and ). Each additional average year of education in the community was associated with nearly 50% less likelihood of active pediatric TB (RR = 0.53, 95% CI [0.38–0.73], and ). Although nonsignificant, the presence of nonindigenous community members had a strong protective association in both the adult (RR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.30–1.03], and ) and pediatric models (RR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.34–1.14], and ). These results reinforce the importance of increasing epidemiologic surveillance and investigating the social determinants of TB disease among vulnerable indigenous populations.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90163295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Workplace violence: a survey of nationally registered emergency medical services professionals 工作场所暴力:对全国注册紧急医疗服务专业人员的调查

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-05-28 DOI: 10.1155/2015/137246

A. Oliver, R. Levine

{"title":"Workplace violence: a survey of nationally registered emergency medical services professionals","authors":"A. Oliver, R. Levine","doi":"10.1155/2015/137246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/137246","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on violence against prehospital personnel have mainly reported on “verbal” and “physical” violence. This study explored how provider demographic and work-related characteristics were associated with five different forms of workplace violence (being cursed or threatened; being punched, slapped, or scratched; being spat upon; being stabbed/stabbing attempt; and being shot/shooting attempt). A cohort of nationally registered United States Emergency Medical Services professionals was surveyed to determine the experience of each of these types of patient initiated violence by these providers and their partners. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated gender was significantly associated with both being cursed/threatened and being stabbed or experiencing a stabbing attempt (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, CI = 0.44–0.96; OR = 0.27, CI = 0.09–0.75, resp.). Level of EMT practice was significantly associated with being cursed/threatened, being spat upon, and being punched, slapped, or scratched (OR = 0.17, CI = 0.11–0.27; OR = 0.30, CI = 0.21–0.43; OR = 0.31, CI = 0.22–0.44, resp.). Both community size and experience were significantly associated with all the types of violence investigated. EMS workplace violence research is at its infancy; thus this study adds to a limited but growing body of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"122 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90573985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia 赞比亚Kafue地区学龄前儿童感染土壤传播蠕虫、隐孢子虫和十二指肠贾第虫的危险因素

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.1155/2015/906520

Joyce Siwila, A. Olsen

{"title":"Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia","authors":"Joyce Siwila, A. Olsen","doi":"10.1155/2015/906520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/906520","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal parasitic infections are common among children worldwide. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for infection with soil transmitted helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis, among children in preschools. The study was in two parts: a cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 403 children from 10 preschools and a longitudinal study in which 100 children from four preschools from the previous 10 were selected. Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides was 12.0%, while that of hookworm was 8.3%. Overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was 28.0% and 29.0%, respectively. Low education level of parent/guardian was a significant risk factor for A. lumbricoides (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.02–5.41; ), while roofing types other than corrugated iron sheets were found to be protective for G. duodenalis infection in both bivariate and multivariate analyses (multivariate: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.45–0.99; ). Low socioeconomic level was found to be protective for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99; ). In the longitudinal study, none of the factors were associated with either infection. These findings may have implications for other preschools in other districts in Zambia.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82263380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Time of the Insult/Triggering Event in Primary Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma of Bone as Determined by Incubation Period Modeling and Age Distribution of Such Malignancies 通过潜伏期模型和年龄分布确定原发性骨肉瘤和尤文氏肉瘤的损伤/触发事件时间

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-03-11 DOI: 10.1155/2015/182721

R. Loder, M. Sabatino

{"title":"The Time of the Insult/Triggering Event in Primary Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s Sarcoma of Bone as Determined by Incubation Period Modeling and Age Distribution of Such Malignancies","authors":"R. Loder, M. Sabatino","doi":"10.1155/2015/182721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/182721","url":null,"abstract":"The time for the triggering event in neoplasms can be estimated using incubation period modeling techniques. We applied these techniques to primary osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma of bone using the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database for all cases of osteosarcoma or Ewing’s sarcoma of bone from 1993 through 2010. Secondary neoplasms were excluded. The age at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, and anatomic location were collected. The time ( ) of the insult/triggering event was calculated using the best fit frequency distribution of age at diagnosis. There were 4,356 patients with osteosarcoma and 1,832 patients with Ewing’s sarcoma. The Pearson IV distribution was the best fit for both osteosarcoma ( ) and Ewing’s sarcoma ( ). For these distributions is −0.7 years of age (4 weeks after conception) for Ewing’s sarcoma, 0.45 years for long bone osteosarcoma, and 10.4 years for parosteal osteosarcoma. This confirms the genetic etiology of Ewing’s sarcoma since an is 4 weeks after conception. Long bone osteosarcoma is not entirely genetic, as was 0.4 years for conventional osteosarcoma and 10.4 years for parosteal osteosarcoma. The etiologies for those two different types of osteosarcoma are thus different.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84387829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚Metemma地区人类利什曼病(VL)分布及其相关危险因素

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-02-22 DOI: 10.1155/2015/630812

Y. Terefe, B. Afera, A. Bsrat, Zewdu Syoum

{"title":"Distribution of Human Leishmaniasis (VL) and Its Associated Risk Factors, in Metemma, Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Terefe, B. Afera, A. Bsrat, Zewdu Syoum","doi":"10.1155/2015/630812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/630812","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Objective. To assess the distribution of human leishmaniasis and assess community knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to assumed risk factors and control options used by the society. Methods. Retrospective study from November 2013 to May 2014 was used. Six-year data from Metemma hospital record was reviewed and 89 people were interviewed. Results. The rates were 29% (n = 374/1270) and 26% (n = 328/1270) in 2005 E.C and 2003 E.C, respectively. 94% (1194/1270) of the affected individuals were in the age exceeding 15 years. At the same time, the rates in males and female were 97% (n = 1226/1270) and 3% (n = 44/1270), respectively. According to 88.8% (n = 79/89) of the respondents, transmission occurs through bite of sandflies, while 98.9% (n = 88/89) of the respondent’s indicated that waste disposal in an open space was one of the risk factors for disease occurrence. Regarding the control measures, respondents replied that 73% (n = 65/89) of them use impregnated bed net and others use cleaning and proper waste disposal. Conclusion. The current finding indicated that the disease was common in the study area; as a result, proper use of impregnated bed net, early diagnosis and treatment, and reduction of different risk factors were essential.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"61 6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86387102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Quality Assessment of 25(OH)D, Insulin, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Potassium in 40-Year-Old Frozen Serum 40岁冷冻血清中25(OH)D、胰岛素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和钾的质量评价

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-02-15 DOI: 10.1155/2015/581206

M. Leu, K. Mehlig, M. Hunsberger, Å. T. Naluai, K. Blennow, H. Zetterberg, C. Björkelund, L. Lissner

{"title":"Quality Assessment of 25(OH)D, Insulin, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Potassium in 40-Year-Old Frozen Serum","authors":"M. Leu, K. Mehlig, M. Hunsberger, Å. T. Naluai, K. Blennow, H. Zetterberg, C. Björkelund, L. Lissner","doi":"10.1155/2015/581206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/581206","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Many longitudinal epidemiological studies collect specimens into biobanks to investigate how biomarkers predict future disease. In 1968-1969, the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg (PSWG) established a biobank of serum samples. Objective. To examine the validity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and potassium after 40 years of storage at −20°C in terms of relative and absolute agreement. The quality of these markers under such condition has not been previously investigated. Methods. Baseline and remeasured levels were compared in selected samples through percentage change, correlation, and regression. 25(OH)D levels, not assessed at baseline, were compared by season, by BMI, and longitudinally over six years. Results. Despite some lack of absolute agreement, Spearman correlations were >0.7 and statistically significant for all biomarkers. The 1968-1969 25(OH)D correlated with BMI and with levels six years later . Summer 25(OH)D was higher than winter 25(OH)D . Conclusion. For all markers, baseline and remeasured levels exhibited high relative agreement. 25(OH)D was comparable with expected levels on fresh blood and varied with season. In future studies, PSWG individuals will be ranked according to these markers in order to predict incidence of disease.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77818397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Radiation May Indirectly Impair Growth Resulting in Reduced Standing Height via Subclinical Inflammation in Atomic-Bomb Survivors Exposed at Young Ages 辐射可能通过亚临床炎症间接损害幼年原子弹幸存者的生长，导致站立高度降低

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2015-02-02 DOI: 10.1155/2015/295958

E. Nakashima, K. Neriishi, W. Hsu

{"title":"Radiation May Indirectly Impair Growth Resulting in Reduced Standing Height via Subclinical Inflammation in Atomic-Bomb Survivors Exposed at Young Ages","authors":"E. Nakashima, K. Neriishi, W. Hsu","doi":"10.1155/2015/295958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/295958","url":null,"abstract":"For young atomic-bomb (A-bomb) survivors, A-bomb radiation’s (total) effect on standing height is thought to comprise the sum of direct effect and indirect effect via inflammation. With the data of five inflammatory markers—white blood cell count, sialic acid, corrected erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 1 globulin, and 2 globulin—obtained in adulthood during the period 1988 to 1992, a summary inflammatory index was constructed as a surrogate for the five subclinical inflammatory markers. For 3,327 A-bomb survivors exposed at ages of less than 25 years, a structural equation model was analyzed to measure direct radiation effects on adult height as well as mediating effect of radiation via inflammation on the height after adjustment for other risk factors, smoking, cancer, inflammatory disease, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The mediation proportion of the radiation effect on height via inflammation was approximately 5% for both sexes for all ages, and indirect dose effects via inflammation were statistically significant for both sexes combined and for females exposed at ages 0 to 5 years. Indirect dose effects for all ages via sialic acid, corrected ESR, and 2 globulin were marginally significant for both sexes combined and for females. These proportions are likely underestimated.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87177503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Waist Circumference Cut-Off Point for Multiple Risk Factor Aggregation: Results from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study 多重危险因素聚集的最佳腰围分界点:来自马拉开波市代谢综合征患病率研究的结果

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2014-12-09 DOI: 10.1155/2014/718571

Valmore Bermúdez, Joselyn Rojas, J. Salazar, R. Añez, Mervin Chávez-Castillo, R. González, M. Martínez, Mayela Cabrera, Clímaco Cano, M. Velasco, J. López-Miranda

{"title":"Optimal Waist Circumference Cut-Off Point for Multiple Risk Factor Aggregation: Results from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study","authors":"Valmore Bermúdez, Joselyn Rojas, J. Salazar, R. Añez, Mervin Chávez-Castillo, R. González, M. Martínez, Mayela Cabrera, Clímaco Cano, M. Velasco, J. López-Miranda","doi":"10.1155/2014/718571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/718571","url":null,"abstract":"Context and Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal waist circumference (WC) cut-off values for the detection of multiple risk factor aggregation in individuals from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Participants and Methods. A total of 1,902 adult individuals of both genders belonging to MMSPS were included. Complete physical, laboratory, and anthropometric examination were done to evaluate Metabolic Syndrome (MS) components and insulin resistance. ROC curves were plotted for risk factor aggregation in order to assess WC cut-off point. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with the WC. Results. There were 52.2% females and 47.8% males, with WC of cm and cm, respectively. ROC curves exhibited a WC cut-off point for women of 90.25 cm (68.4% sensitivity, 65.8% specificity) and 95.15 cm (71.1% sensitivity, 67.4% specificity) for men. HOMA2-IR and high blood pressure were associated with a WC over these cut-off points, as well as 2.5-fold risk increase for multiple risk factor aggregation (OR 2.56; CI 95%: 2.05–3.20; ). Conclusions. These population-specific WC cut-offs are readily applicable tools for detection of risk factor aggregation. Insulin resistance is closely associated with this definition of abdominal obesity, which may serve as a surrogate for its assessment.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"62 1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78272640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Blindness Registers as Epidemiological Tools for Public Health Planning: A Case Study in Belize 盲症登记作为公共卫生规划的流行病学工具:伯利兹的个案研究

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2014-12-03 DOI: 10.1155/2014/659717

Sally L. Baxter, R. Wormald, Joan M. Musa, D. Patel

{"title":"Blindness Registers as Epidemiological Tools for Public Health Planning: A Case Study in Belize","authors":"Sally L. Baxter, R. Wormald, Joan M. Musa, D. Patel","doi":"10.1155/2014/659717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/659717","url":null,"abstract":"For public eye health programs, blindness registers can be an important tool for informing service planning. This study examines how the Belize Council for the Visually Impaired (BCVI) used its blindness register data to drive several public health interventions. Cross-sectional analysis was performed for all active registrants () to determine the distribution of causes of registration according to age, sex, and geographical district. Cataract was the leading cause of registration (39.6%), followed by glaucoma (20.8%), diabetic retinopathy (10.2%), and childhood blindness (9.4%). The distribution of the causes of registration was fairly similar between men and women and across the various districts. However, in Stann Creek, whose population is largely of African descent, glaucoma exceeded cataract. For most causes, the majority of registrants were registered at age 50 or older. Follow-up was conducted four years later. Several interventions had been initiated, most notably bolstering cataract surgical services and creating screening programs for glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. The register itself was also improved to maximize its utility for future use. While standardized surveys may be the most appropriate method of estimating population-based measures such as prevalence or incidence, the blindness register is still a valuable source of data for public health planning.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75421300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Correlation between Gender Inequalities and Their Health Related Factors in World Countries: A Global Cross-Sectional Study 世界各国性别不平等及其健康相关因素的相关性:一项全球横断面研究

Epidemiology Research International Pub Date : 2014-11-09 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521569

J. Hassanzadeh, N. Moradi, N. Esmailnasab, S. Rezaeian, P. Bagheri, V. Armanmehr

{"title":"The Correlation between Gender Inequalities and Their Health Related Factors in World Countries: A Global Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"J. Hassanzadeh, N. Moradi, N. Esmailnasab, S. Rezaeian, P. Bagheri, V. Armanmehr","doi":"10.1155/2014/521569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/521569","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to investigate gender inequalities and their health associated factors in world countries. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken using data of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and World Health Organization (WHO). The main variable in this study was gender inequality index (GII). All countries were stratified by WHO regions. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the linear correlation between GII and investigated factors by WHO regions. The mean of GII was greater in Africa and lower in Europe region. There was negative significant association between GII and life expectancy at birth and mean years of schooling, prevalence of current tobacco smoking, high blood pressure and overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption rate, and cancer death rate. But there was positive significant association between GII and noncommunicable diseases death rates. In conclusion, gender inequalities, though decreasing over the past decades in world, remain notably greater in Africa and Eastern Mediterranean regions than in Europe. Gender inequality is also an important issue which is related to health factors. Hence, countries will need to focus on public health intervention and equal distribution of economic resources to reduce gender inequality in society.","PeriodicalId":89674,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology Research International","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84716426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20