Joanne Wilkinson, Nechama W Greenwood, Claire Tienwey Wang, Laura F White, Larry Culpepper
{"title":"Measuring staff empowerment regarding health care for clients with intellectual disabilities.","authors":"Joanne Wilkinson, Nechama W Greenwood, Claire Tienwey Wang, Laura F White, Larry Culpepper","doi":"10.1155/2014/678127","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/678127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Women with intellectual disabilities (ID) contract breast cancer at the same rate as the general population but have higher breast cancer mortality and lower rates of breast cancer screening. Many women with ID live in group homes or supported residences where they are cared for by direct support workers. While direct support workers are thought to influence client health, this effect is underresearched, and we lack tools for measuring staff empowerment and perceptions regarding client health. Methods. We developed and validated an instrument, the staff empowerment tool (SET), to measure staff empowerment as related to supporting clients in preventive health. Results. The SET was found to be a reliable instrument for measuring staff activation and empowerment in helping clients access mammography screening. Discussion. Quantifying staff empowerment and perspectives is important in studying and reducing disparities among adults with ID, a vulnerable population. Further research to determine the impact of staff empowerment levels on their clients' health and health care access is suggested. The SET is a valuable tool for measuring the construct of staff empowerment, evaluating interventions, and collecting data regarding variation in staff empowerment. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"678127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3955629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32251506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauri Pisto, Atte Vadén, Lauri Sillanmäki, Kari Mattila
{"title":"Childhood Adversities are Associated with Diabetes Management in Working Age in Finland.","authors":"Lauri Pisto, Atte Vadén, Lauri Sillanmäki, Kari Mattila","doi":"10.1155/2014/864572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/864572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Backgrounds. Research findings suggest that the mind can cause physical disease. To plan the best quality of care, general practitioner needs to understand an individual's health problems in physical, social, and psychological dimensions. This study sought to establish whether adverse life events occurring in childhood and adolescence are associated with diabetes. Methods. The cohort was collected from the health and social support (HeSSup) study-a postal follow-up survey of randomized working-aged Finns initiated in 1998. The response rate was 40.0% and the final cohort size 24057. Data on reimbursed diabetes medication during the years 1998-2006 were obtained from the Social Insurance Institute of Finland registers. Subjects were divided into insulin, tablet, combination therapy, and drug-naive groups together with a control group without diabetes. The prevalence of childhood adversities was assessed based on answers to six survey questions. Results. Childhood adversities showed predominant linkage to diabetes type 2 groups, especially to the combination therapy group requiring combined insulin and tablet treatment. No connection was found between childhood adversities and insulin use. Cumulative adversities did not markedly increase the association. Conclusions. Stressful events in childhood are associated with diabetes combination therapy in working age. The meaning of the relationship remains unsolved. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"864572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/864572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32372926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Grunauer, David Schrock, Eric Fabara, Gabriela Jimenez, Aimee Miller, Zongshan Lai, Amy Kilbourne, Melvin G McInnis
{"title":"Tablet-based screening of depressive symptoms in quito, ecuador: efficiency in primary care.","authors":"Michelle Grunauer, David Schrock, Eric Fabara, Gabriela Jimenez, Aimee Miller, Zongshan Lai, Amy Kilbourne, Melvin G McInnis","doi":"10.1155/2014/845397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/845397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a frequent yet overlooked occurrence in primary health care clinics worldwide. Depression and related health screening instruments are available but are rarely used consistently. The availability of technologically based instruments in the assessments offers novel approaches for gathering, storing, and assessing data that includes self-reported symptom severity from the patients themselves as well as clinician recorded information. In a suburban primary health care clinic in Quito, Ecuador, we tested the feasibility and utility of computer tablet-based assessments to evaluate clinic attendees for depression symptoms with the goal of developing effective screening and monitoring tools in the primary care clinics. We assessed individuals using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-Self-Report, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Clinical Global Impression Severity, and a DSM-IV checklist of symptoms. We found that 20% of individuals had a PHQ9 of 8 or greater. There was good correlation between the symptom severity assessments. We conclude that the tablet-based PHQ9 is an excellent and efficient method of screening for depression in attendees at primary health care clinics and that one in five people should be assessed further for depressive illness and possible intervention. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"845397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/845397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32230102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carl J Brandt, Vibeke Brandt, Mathilde Pedersen, Dorte Glintborg, Søren Toubro, Jesper Bo Nielsen, Gunther Eysenbach, Kirsten Brandt, Jens Søndergaard
{"title":"Long-Term Effect of Interactive Online Dietician Weight Loss Advice in General Practice (LIVA) Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carl J Brandt, Vibeke Brandt, Mathilde Pedersen, Dorte Glintborg, Søren Toubro, Jesper Bo Nielsen, Gunther Eysenbach, Kirsten Brandt, Jens Søndergaard","doi":"10.1155/2014/245347","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/245347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Internet-based complex interventions aiming to promote weight loss and optimize healthy behaviors have attracted much attention. However, evidence for effect is lacking. Obesity is a growing problem, resulting in an increasing demand for cost efficient weight loss programs suitable for use on a large scale, for example, as part of standard primary care. In a previous pilot project by Brandt et al. (2011) without a control group, we examined the effects of online dietician counseling and found an average weight loss of 7.0 kg (95% CI: 4.6 to 9.3 kg) after 20 months. Aims and Methods. To analyze the effects of a complex intervention using trained dieticians in a general practice setting combined with internet-based interactive and personalized weight management support compared with conventional advice with a noninteractive internet support as placebo treatment in 340 overweight patients during a 2-year period. Primary endpoints are weight loss and lowering of cholesterol (LDL). We will also explore patients' sociodemographics and use of the intervention as well as the health professionals' views and perceptions of the intervention (their role and the advice and support that they provide). Perspective. The project will generate knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of a complex internet-based intervention in a general practice setting and on barriers and acceptability among professionals and patients. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"245347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4016832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32367217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel S Rhee, Jennifer E Heckman, Sae-Rom Chae, Lawrence C Loh
{"title":"Comparative analysis: potential barriers to career participation by north american physicians in global health.","authors":"Daniel S Rhee, Jennifer E Heckman, Sae-Rom Chae, Lawrence C Loh","doi":"10.1155/2014/728163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/728163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physician interest in global health, particularly among family physicians, is reflected by an increasing proliferation of field training and service experiences. However, translating initial training involvement into a defined and sustainable global health career remains difficult and beset by numerous barriers. Existing global health literature has largely examined training experiences and related ethical considerations while neglecting the role of career development in global health. To explore this, this paper extrapolates potential barriers to global health career involvement from existing literature and compares these to salary and skills requirements for archetypal physician positions in global health, presenting a framework of possible barriers to sustained physician participation in global health work. Notable barriers identified include financial limitations, scheduling conflicts, security/family concerns, skills limitations, limited awareness of opportunities, and specialty choice, with family practice often closely aligned with global health experience. Proposed solutions include financial support, protected time, family relocation support, and additional training. This framework delineates barriers to career involvement in global health by physicians. Further research regarding these barriers as well as potential solutions may help direct policy and initiatives to better utilize physicians, particularly family physicians, as a valuable global health human resource. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"728163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/728163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32820885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanne Lykke Lundstrøm, Kasper Edwards, Thomas Bøllingtoft Knudsen, Pia Veldt Larsen, Susanne Reventlow, Jens Søndergaard
{"title":"Relational coordination and organisational social capital association with characteristics of general practice.","authors":"Sanne Lykke Lundstrøm, Kasper Edwards, Thomas Bøllingtoft Knudsen, Pia Veldt Larsen, Susanne Reventlow, Jens Søndergaard","doi":"10.1155/2014/618435","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/618435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Relational coordination (RC) and organisational social capital (OSC) are measures of novel aspects of an organisation's performance, which have not previously been analysed together, in general practice. Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations between RC and OSC, and characteristics of general practice. Methods. Questionnaire survey study comprising 2074 practices in Denmark. Results. General practitioners (GPs) rated both RC and OSC in their general practice higher than their secretaries and nurses. The practice form was statistically significantly associated with high RC and OSC. RC was positively associated with the number of patients listed with a practice per staff, where staff is defined as all members of a practice including both owners and employees. Conclusion. The study showed that RC and OSC were significantly associated with type of profession and practice type. RC was also found to be significantly positively associated with number of patients per staff. However, the low response rate must be taken into consideration when interpreting the self-reported results of this study. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"618435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/618435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32520025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Danish Symptom Cohort: Questionnaire and Feasibility in the Nationwide Study on Symptom Experience and Healthcare-Seeking among 100 000 Individuals.","authors":"Sanne Rasmussen, Jens Søndergaard, Pia Veldt Larsen, Kirubakaran Balasubramaniam, Sandra Elnegaard, Rikke Pilsgaard Svendsen, Rikke Sand Andersen, Anette Fischer Pedersen, Peter Vedsted, Dorte Ejg Jarbøl","doi":"10.1155/2014/187280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/187280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Introduction. In order to develop strategies to prevent delay in diagnosis, it is important to gain knowledge of symptoms and healthcare-seeking processes in the population. This paper describes a combined survey and register-based study with (1) focus on development of a questionnaire concerning experience of symptoms and subsequent consequences and (2) feasibility of the study. Methods. The study is a nationwide cohort study of 100 000 individuals randomly selected from the Danish general population. A comprehensive questionnaire concerning experience of symptoms and subsequent consequences was developed. The methodological framework for the development included defining the domains to be measured, identification of previous items, scales and questionnaires in the literature, and pilot and field testing. Results. A total of five domains and 16 subdomains were defined covering the area of symptom experience, symptom characteristics, reaction in response to symptom experience, external factors, and personality characteristics with potential influence on the symptom experience. In total, 49 706 questionnaires were completed, yielding a response rate of 52.2%. Conclusion. We developed a comprehensive questionnaire used in a large combined survey and register-based study concerning experience of symptoms and subsequent consequences of symptom experiences. We succeeded in conducting a large survey providing the groundwork for The Danish Symptom Cohort. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"187280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/187280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32605755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lise Hestbaek, Anders Munck, Lisbeth Hartvigsen, Dorte Ejg Jarbøl, Jens Søndergaard, Alice Kongsted
{"title":"Low back pain in primary care: a description of 1250 patients with low back pain in danish general and chiropractic practice.","authors":"Lise Hestbaek, Anders Munck, Lisbeth Hartvigsen, Dorte Ejg Jarbøl, Jens Søndergaard, Alice Kongsted","doi":"10.1155/2014/106102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/106102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Study Design. Baseline description of a multicenter cohort study. Objective. To describe patients with low back pain (LBP) in both chiropractic and general practice in Denmark. Background. To optimize standards of care in the primary healthcare sector, detailed knowledge of the patient populations in different settings is needed. In Denmark, most LBP-patients access primary healthcare through chiropractic or general practice. Methods. Chiropractors and general practitioners recruited adult patients seeking care for LBP. Extensive baseline questionnaires were obtained and descriptive analyses presented separately for general and chiropractic practice patients, Mann-Whitney rank sum test and Pearson's chi-square test, were used to test for differences between the two populations. Results. Questionnaires were returned from 934 patients in chiropractic practice and 319 patients from general practice. Four out of five patients had had previous episodes, one-fourth were on sick leave, and the LBP considerably limited daily activities. The general practice patients were slightly older and less educated, more often females, and generally worse on all disease-related parameters than chiropractic patients. All differences were statistically significant. Conclusions. LBP in primary care was recurrent, causing sick leave and activity limitations. There were clear differences between the chiropractic and general practice populations in this study. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"106102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/106102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32848779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge and perception on long acting and permanent contraceptive methods in adigrat town, tigray, northern ethiopia: a qualitative study.","authors":"Alem Gebremariam, Adamu Addissie","doi":"10.1155/2014/878639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/878639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Long acting and permanent contraceptive methods have the potential to reduce unintended pregnancies but the contraceptive choice and utilization in Ethiopia are highly dominated by short term contraceptives. Objective. To assess the knowledge and perception on long acting and permanent contraceptives of married women and men in Northern Ethiopia. Method. A qualitative method was conducted in Adigrat on January, 2012. Four focus group discussions with married women and men and six in-depth interviews with family planning providers were conducted. Content analysis was used to synthesize the data. Result. Participants' knowledge on long acting and permanent contraceptives is limited to recognizing the name of the methods. Most of the participants are not able to identify permanent methods as a method of contraception. They lack basic information on how these methods work and how they can use it. Women had fears and rumors about each of these methods. They prefer methods which do not require any procedure. Family planning providers stated as they have weakness on counseling of all contraceptive choices. Conclusion. There are personal barriers and knowledge gaps on these contraceptive methods. Improving the counseling service program can help women to increase knowledge and avoid misconceptions of each contraceptive choice. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"878639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/878639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32600086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ita B Okokon, Afiong O Oku, Thomas U Agan, Udeme E Asibong, Ekere J Essien, Emmanuel Monjok
{"title":"An evaluation of the knowledge and utilization of the partogragh in primary, secondary, and tertiary care settings in calabar, South-South Nigeria.","authors":"Ita B Okokon, Afiong O Oku, Thomas U Agan, Udeme E Asibong, Ekere J Essien, Emmanuel Monjok","doi":"10.1155/2014/105853","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/105853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenge to maternal well-being with associated maternal wastages especially in labor has remained unsurmountable across the three tiers of health care delivery in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine and compare the factors that influence utilization of the partograph in primary, secondary, and tertiary health care delivery levels in Calabar, Nigeria. This was a descriptive study, using a self-administered semistructured questionnaire on 290 consenting nonphysician obstetric care workers, purposively recruited. The mean age of the respondents was 40.25 ± 8.68 with a preponderance of females (92.4%). Knowledge of the partograph and previous partograph training had statistically significant relationship with its utilization among respondents from the tertiary and general hospitals. The level of knowledge was higher among workers in the general hospital than those working in the university teaching hospital. Nurses/midwives in the three levels of care were significantly more knowledgeable in partograph use than other nonphysician obstetric care workers. Lack of detailed knowledge of the partograph, its nonavailability and poor staff strength in the study centers were factors militating against its ease of utilization. The authors recommend periodic in-service training and provision of partograph in labor rooms in all maternity wards in our environment. </p>","PeriodicalId":89569,"journal":{"name":"International journal of family medicine","volume":"2014 ","pages":"105853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/105853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32731638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}