Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Pharmacological Role of 3-O-Methyldopa in the Central Nervous System-Mediated Behavioral Effects of L-DOPA in Rats.","authors":"Takanori Taogoshi, Kohei Kaneda, Ryohei Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Kimura, Tomoharu Yokooji, Hiroaki Matsuo","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) therapy for Parkinson's disease increases plasma concentrations of 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), a major metabolite of l-DOPA. This study aimed to investigate the role of 3-OMD in the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated behavioral effects associated with chronic l-DOPA treatment in rats. The effects of 3-OMD on CNS function were examined using two rat models: repeated oral co-administration of l-DOPA/benserazide and single or repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 3-OMD. Behavioral assessments included spontaneous locomotor activity, spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB), spatial learning, and depression-like behavior. Plasma and brain concentrations of 3-OMD were also measured. Repeated oral administration of l-DOPA/benserazide maintained plasma 3-OMD concentrations at 1.57-3.50 μg/mL and brain concentrations at 1.68-3.23 μg/g. This treatment reduced SAB by up to 30% and showed a trend toward reduced spatial learning, whereas locomotor activity was unaffected. Repeated i.p. administration of 3-OMD produced comparable plasma and brain concentrations of 3-OMD, reduced SAB, and showed a trend toward reduced spatial learning, without affecting other behaviors. The reduction in SAB was reversed after a 7-d washout period. In contrast, a single administration of 3-OMD had no detectable behavioral effects. In conclusion, sustained, but not transient, exposure to 3-OMD may contribute to reduced working memory performance during chronic l-DOPA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 9","pages":"1491-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological Activity of Motugivatrep, a Novel Antagonist of Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1.","authors":"Tomoka Uemura, Hideharu Uchida, Chika Higashi, Ken-Ichi Amano, Atsuhiro Kanda","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is predominantly expressed in sensory neurons and activated by nociceptive stimuli, including capsaicin, heat, and acidic conditions. Recent research has highlighted the role of TRPV1 in the pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED). This study evaluated the antagonistic activity and TRP channel selectivity of motugivatrep, a novel TRPV1 antagonist. The inhibitory effects of motugivatrep were assessed in cells expressing various TRP channels as well as in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, with agonist-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ influx used as an indicator. Off-target effects were evaluated using comprehensive Cerep pharmacology profiling, which included radiolabeled ligand-binding assays for major ion channels, receptors, and enzyme assays. Motugivatrep exhibited pronounced inhibition of capsaicin-stimulated TRPV1 across multiple species, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.46 to 2.1 nM. Furthermore, although motugivatrep exhibited weak inhibition of human TRPV4, it had no significant effects on TRPV3, TRPA1, or TRPM8. Additionally, motugivatrep suppressed capsaicin-induced intracellular Ca²⁺ influx in DRG cells (IC₅₀ = 2.8 nM). Off-target profiling revealed minimal binding to 5-HT_2A and 5-HT_2B receptors. Overall, these findings indicate that motugivatrep is a potent and highly selective TRPV1 antagonist, supporting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for disorders associated with TRPV1 activation, such as DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 9","pages":"1524-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realgar Transforming Solution Triggers Ferroptosis-Associated Death in NB4 Leukemia Cells through Disruption of Iron Homeostasis and Suppression of the SLC7A11/GPX4 Axis.","authors":"Zhaorong Yue, Qinghong Liu, Yanni Wang, Ruyue Wang, Zhongqing Li, Manjie Xu, Piao Luo, Jiaxuan Li, Jiawen Xu, Wenjun Xu, Weizhong Zhang, Jianing He, Jiayi Chen, Shahab Uddin, Yang Li, Xin Wang, Hongyu Li","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Realgar (As₄S₄) has long been used in traditional medicine, yet its clinical application remains limited due to poor bioavailability and toxicity. Realgar transforming solution (RTS), a bioleached product generated through microbial transformation of realgar, exhibits enhanced anti-tumor activity; however, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated whether ferroptosis contributes to the anti-leukemic effects of RTS in NB4 cells, focusing on iron homeostasis and the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) antioxidant axis. NB4 cells were treated with RTS, arsenic trioxide (ATO), or realgar, and cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Transcriptomic profiling, biochemical assays, fluorescence probes, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were employed to evaluate ferroptosis-related changes. RTS inhibited NB4 cell viability more effectively than ATO or realgar at comparable arsenic concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis indicated significant enrichment of ferroptosis-related pathways. RTS decreased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, increased malondialdehyde accumulation and lipid peroxidation, disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated intracellular total iron and mitochondrial Fe²⁺ levels. Additionally, RTS downregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 and altered the expression of iron metabolism-related proteins, including transferrin receptor protein 1, nuclear receptor coactivator 4, ferritin heavy chain 1, ferroportin 1, iron-responsive element-binding protein 2, and heme oxygenase 1. Moreover, ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine mesylate partially rescued RTS-induced cytotoxicity and alleviated oxidative damage and iron overload. These results indicate that RTS induces ferroptosis-associated cell death in NB4 cells by disrupting iron homeostasis and inhibiting the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, supporting further investigation of RTS as a modernized arsenic-based anti-leukemic formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 9","pages":"1452-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spondin 1 Enriched in p16^Ink4a Reporter-Labeled Fibroblasts Promotes Melanoma Cell Proliferation in Vitro and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis.","authors":"Borui Li, Soichiro Kumamoto, Yasuhiro Nakano, Yoshikazu Johmura","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tumor microenvironment contains phenotypically diverse stromal cells that can support tumor progression; however, the identity and function of stromal populations expressing the senescence marker p16^Ink4a in melanoma remain poorly defined. We combined p16-Cre^ERT2-tdTomato lineage tracing with single-cell RNA sequencing in a syngeneic YUMMER1.7-H2B-GFP5 melanoma model to characterize p16^Ink4a-lineage-positive [p16-Lin(+)] stromal cells and identify candidate mediators of tumor-stroma interactions. Immunofluorescence detected p16-Lin(+) cells across multiple stromal populations, while transcriptomic analysis identified fibroblasts as a major p16-Lin(+) stromal population. The integration of differentially expressed genes in p16-Lin(+) fibroblasts with a secretome database and survival data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Skin Cutaneous Melanoma cohort identified spondin 1 (SPON1) as a candidate extracellular mediator. Spon1 was preferentially expressed in fibroblasts, upregulated in the p16-Lin(+) fraction, and nearly undetectable in YUMMER1.7-H2B-GFP5 cells. Immobilized recombinant SPON1 promoted YUMM1.7 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In an independent human skin tumor single-cell dataset, SPON1 expression was enriched in fibroblasts, with higher enrichment observed in those expressing CDKN2A, which encodes p16^INK4A. Moreover, high SPON1 expression was independently associated with shorter overall survival after adjusting for tumor type, age, and sex. Together, these findings identify SPON1 as a candidate factor enriched in p16-Lin(+) fibroblasts, with potential functional and prognostic relevance in melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 10","pages":"1641-1649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biotinylated Heptapeptide Containing a D-Amino Acid Suppresses Both IgE-Dependent and -Independent Allergic Edema in Mice.","authors":"Makoto Ohira, Hana Yuki, Miu Tsumuraya, Erika Nozaki, Ryoka Nukimizu, Tadahiro Etoh, Daisuke Uta, Tsukasa Matsumoto, Akira Sato","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We previously found that, among three biotinylated heptapeptides (Peptide 1, Peptide 2, and Peptide 3) derived from the amino acid sequence of Asp-hemolysin, a protein toxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, Peptide 2, which contains a d-amino acid, exhibits potent anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Peptide 2 on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent allergic edema induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in OVA-specific IgE transgenic mice, IgE-independent allergic edema induced by compound 48/80 (C48/80), and nonallergic inflammatory edema induced by histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, zymosan A, and λ-carrageenan. Peptide 2 significantly suppressed both OVA-IgE- and C48/80-induced paw edema, indicating inhibitory effects on both IgE-dependent and -independent allergic responses. Peptide 2 also dose-dependently inhibited histamine-induced edema but did not affect serotonin-, bradykinin-, zymosan A-, or λ-carrageenan-induced edema. These findings indicate that Peptide 2 modulates IgE-dependent and -independent allergic responses involving mast cell activation and histamine-related pathways and may be a candidate for the development of selective anti-allergic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 10","pages":"1587-1592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin Ameliorates Glucose Metabolism Dysregulation in CUMS Model Rats via the Bile Acid-FXR/TGR5 Axis.","authors":"Bitao Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Peijian Fan, Shaoxian Wang","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00528","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, has demonstrated therapeutic potential across metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which quercetin mitigates glucose metabolic dysfunction in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with a particular focus on its regulation of the bile acid-farnesoid x receptor (FXR)/takeda g protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) signaling pathway. Behavioral assessments and histopathological, biochemical, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and targeted metabolomics analyses showed that quercetin significantly alleviated depressive-like behaviors and ameliorated glucose metabolic dysregulation. Quercetin treatment modified bile acid composition in colonic contents, activated the FXR/TGR5 pathway, and enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, collectively contributing to improved glycemic and lipid homeostasis. These results indicate that quercetin attenuates CUMS-induced glucose metabolic disturbances via the bile acid-FXR/TGR5-GLP-1 axis, suggesting its potential as a dual-target therapeutic agent for stress-related metabolic and neurobehavioral disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 1","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arecoline Facilitates Object Recognition in Mice.","authors":"Sena Iijima, Kano Izumo, Haruka Suzuki, Kazuki Kakehi, Mahiro Nakashima, Yuji Ikegaya, Nobuyoshi Matsumoto","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b26-00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b26-00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arecoline, a major alkaloid in betel nuts, modulates cognitive function, yet its effects on memory in young, healthy mice remain unclear. We administered arecoline or vehicle to mice and allowed them to perform a novel object recognition task to investigate whether and how acute arecoline administration affected object recognition. Arecoline-treated mice exhibited a significantly higher discrimination index than controls, indicating improved discrimination performance. This enhancement occurred without changes in locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, or general exploratory motivation. Time-series analysis further revealed that arecoline treatment led to sustained high discrimination ability during the test session, compared to vehicle treatment. These findings demonstrate that acute arecoline administration enhances object recognition even in a healthy physiological state, possibly by facilitating cholinergic-mediated attention and memory encoding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 6","pages":"957-961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Differences in Gut Microbiota Due to Dietary Habits Affect the Onset of Disease Pathology in a Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Model.","authors":"Chiho Takahara, Norihiko Tabuchi, Hirofumi Inoue, Honoka Itoh, Yuka Koike, Kazuyoshi Kawazoe, Kento Takayama","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00399","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involving colon ulceration and erosion, is challenging to prevent or stop. The findings highlighted the crucial role of gut microbiota imbalance in IBD development. This study aimed to investigate the influence of five dietary patterns on the onset or progression of UC in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model by altering the gut microbiota. The results showed that the disease condition worsened most significantly in the high-protein diet group, followed by the high-fiber diet group. Before UC induction, these severely affected groups exhibited a higher proportion of Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes) and a lower proportion of Bacillota (Firmicutes) than the groups in which the condition did not worsen. A reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio has been linked to the onset and progression of IBD. Upon DSS administration, the abundance of Bacteroidota increased in all dietary groups. Analyses revealed that as the disease progressed, the levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) increased. Specifically, the high-protein group showed elevated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which are involved in Th17 cell induction, and increased IL-17A secretion, indicating an amplified Th17-mediated inflammatory response. The expression of the tight junction protein occludin was reduced in the high-fiber and high-protein groups. These groups also demonstrated a significant decrease in beneficial short-chain fatty acids, acetate, and propionate. These findings suggest that dietary habits significantly impact the onset and progression of UC, and that the gut microbiota composition before disease onset may play a crucial role in this process.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 3","pages":"438-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Language Processing-Based Visualization Framework for Adverse Events Extracted from Clinical Narratives: Towards Enhancing Clinical Interpretability.","authors":"Masami Tsuchiya, Yoshimasa Kawazoe, Kiminori Shimamoto, Tomohisa Seki, Yuki Yanagisawa, Shungo Imai, Hayato Kizaki, Emiko Shinohara, Shuntaro Yada, Tomohiro Nishiyama, Shoko Wakamiya, Eiji Aramaki, Satoko Hori","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00609","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subjective adverse events (AEs), such as pain, are often under-recognized when relying solely on structured data. Although natural language processing (NLP) enables the extraction of AEs from narrative electronic health records (EHRs), interpretation of their temporal dynamics is difficult. Visualization methods can bridge this gap by transforming text-derived symptom data into clinically interpretable data. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical value of a framework integrating NLP-based AE extraction with time-series visualization for otherwise invisible symptoms. Narrative texts, including progress notes, nursing records, and discharge summaries, were processed using MedNERN-CR-JA, a pretrained Japanese BERT-based model for entity recognition. AEs were visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves to represent the time to first onset and heatmaps, displaying all subsequent symptom documentation alongside supportive medication use. Among the 35042 eligible patients, 3094 received paclitaxel (PTX) and were matched to 3094 controls. PTX was associated with a higher risk of musculoskeletal symptoms (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.57-1.99). Kaplan-Meier curves showed earlier onset in PTX recipients, while heatmaps depicted recurrent documentation and the corresponding analgesic use. Restricting the analyses to the triweekly PTX regimen reduced the heterogeneity between inpatient and outpatient documentation and revealed a clearer alignment between the treatment cycles and acute symptom onset. This framework demonstrates the clinical value of visualizing NLP-extracted AEs from narrative EHRs, improving the resolution of subjective AE data, enhancing monitoring, and supporting patient-centered care and clinical decision making through complementary time-to-event and heatmap visualizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 3","pages":"473-479"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147430555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of Pharmacy Students' Awareness of Medication Overuse Headache.","authors":"Shiori Yamada, Koki Takeda, Nobuhito Shibata, Asako Nishimura","doi":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00412","DOIUrl":"10.1248/bpb.b25-00412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a condition in which excessive analgesic use induces headache. Recent studies have reported that simple advice significantly reduces the number of days patients use analgesics and the frequency of headaches. Pharmacists are expected to support patient self-medication and contribute to the prevention and treatment of MOH. This study was conducted at Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts and Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University with the aim of clarifying the current state of pharmacy students' awareness of MOH and related issues. The survey consisted of 28 items, including true or false, open-ended, and multiple-choice questions on MOH. Of the 341 students who responded, 49.9% had heard of the term MOH, and 84.5% recognized the importance of pharmacists in preventing and mitigating MOH. The correct answer rate for the true or false questions was 78.3%, but only 16.4% of the students responded that their current understanding of MOH allows them to provide care to patients, and only 7.9% reported having learned about ways to support patients with MOH. These findings indicate that the knowledge about MOH is not yet fully connected to patient support. Therefore, opportunities to learn about the practical aspects of pharmacist involvement in MOH management on campus may be limited. In the future, universities may consider providing more structured opportunities for pharmacy students to learn the practical aspects of pharmacist-led patient support.</p>","PeriodicalId":8955,"journal":{"name":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","volume":"49 3","pages":"467-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}