Blood Purification最新文献

{"title":"Basic Mechanisms of Hemoadsorption: Incumbency for Better Clinical Utility.","authors":"Thiago Reis, Vedran Premužić, Koody Kitawara, Irene L Noronha, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000548120","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term adsorption is defined as the process in which molecules accumulate in the interfacial surface layer of a solid. The solid material is the sorbent, and the substance in the adsorbed state is called adsorbate. The basic principles and mechanisms involved in hemoadsorption include flow dynamics, chemical characteristics of synthetic materials, adsorption isotherms, mass transfer zone, and the Vroman effect. The development of devices and materials for hemoadsorption started in the 1970s, where activated charcoal coated in a plastic case was used as a sorbent for patients with drug overdose. Further developments of adsorbent materials led to the creation of several cartridges, which are now available for clinical use and are deployed for a myriad of purposes. Indications for hemoadsorption include sepsis, intoxication, drug overdose, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, cytokine release syndromes, acute liver failure, antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, and uremia.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Herein, we aimed to describe the mechanisms involved in the adsorptive process and explore the singular properties of the commercially available devices for hemoadsorption.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The devices deployed to adsorption are cartridges or filters. In cartridges, blood or plasma interacts with polymers in the form of beads, powder, flakes, granules, or a mesh of fibers. In filters, blood is exposed to a synthetic membrane in the form of hollow fibers. In research, clinical practice, and education, it is essential to specify the device and the adsorbent material used for hemoadsorption, since their properties and targets may vary entirely. Nephrologists and intensivists should be familiarized with the mechanisms and principles of hemoadsorption as these treatments are now being routinely applied.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"340-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144941550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Anuria and Ultrafiltration Rate with Mortality in Chronic Hemodialysis: A 10-Year Cohort Study.","authors":"Pehuén Fernández, Martín Cheballier, Pierina Amoruso, Ailén Rolón, Giuliana Torino, Lourdes Hrellac Brizuela, María Emilia Díaz Cornejo, Emanuel José Saad, Javier de Arteaga, Walter Douthat, Jorge de la Fuente, Carlos Chiurchiu","doi":"10.1159/000551523","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Residual renal function is an important determinant of outcomes in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). However, data on the long-term associations of anuria and ultrafiltration rate (UFR) with mortality remain limited, particularly in Latin American populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with anuria and evaluate the associations between anuria, UFR, and long-term mortality in patients receiving maintenance HD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included adult patients undergoing maintenance HD at a single center. The patients were followed up for up to 10 years. Data on baseline demographic, clinical, and dialysis-related variables were collected. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association with all-cause mortality. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed using alternative covariate selection strategies and the exclusion of selected patient subgroups to evaluate the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety patients were included (mean age 59.1 ± 15.6 years, 26.7% anuric). Anuric patients had longer dialysis vintages and a higher UFR than non-anuric patients. During follow-up, 60% of the patients died. In multivariate analyses, anuria was independently associated with mortality (aHR 5.24; p < 0.001). A higher UFR was also independently associated with mortality, with a 9% increase in risk per 1 mL/kg/h (aHR 1.09; p = 0.025). The results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients undergoing chronic HD, baseline anuria and a higher UFR were independently associated with increased long-term mortality. These findings suggest that the preservation of residual renal function and optimization of volume management may represent important and potentially modifiable targets for improving long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"502-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraoperative Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Non-Cardiac, Non-Liver Transplantation Surgery: An Observational Cohort Feasibility Study.","authors":"Rémi Rochette, Stanislas Abrard, Romain Varnier, Frank Bidar, Florent Moriceau, Nicolas Chardon, Cyrille Truc, Céline Monard, Thomas Rimmelé","doi":"10.1159/000548879","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is commonly used to manage metabolic disturbances in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. While intraoperative RRT has been assessed in liver transplantation and cardiac surgery, its use in other surgical contexts remains unexplored. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of intraoperative continuous RRT (IoCRRT) in noncardiac, non-liver transplant surgeries. Secondary objectives included evaluating safety and describing the patient population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all adult patients who underwent IoCRRT between January 2013 and January 2021 at Hospices Civils de Lyon (Lyon, France). Patients were classified as undergoing emergency or elective surgery. Data on IoCRRT indication, feasibility, safety, renal function at hospital discharge and mortality were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IoCRRT was successfully implemented in all 43 patients. Severe acidosis (pH <7.2) was the main indication for IoCRRT in 27 (82%) patients of the emergency group, while IoCRRT was initiated to prevent metabolic complications and electrolyte imbalances in elective surgeries. Regional citrate anticoagulation was used in 36 (84%) cases. No adverse event was reported. At hospital discharge, no survivor progressed to end-stage renal disease; 4 (29%) patients exhibited a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 60-90 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 10 (71%) an GFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Twenty-seven (63%) patients died within 30 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IoCRRT seems to be a feasible and safe adjunctive therapy during emergency or elective surgery in patients with severe metabolic disorders. No IoCRRT-related complication was reported. Renal function appeared preserved. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Ultrasound and Venous Excess Ultrasound Score in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Methodological Considerations and Future Directions.","authors":"Abhilash Koratala, Claudio Ronco, Amir Kazory","doi":"10.1159/bpu/abpag003","DOIUrl":"10.1159/bpu/abpag003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"569-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Study on Four- versus Two-Hour Hemoadsorption Combined with Hemodialysis for Enhanced Clearance of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Yang Lu, Li-Juan Zhang, Guo-Sheng Yan, Jun-Kai Hu, Xin-Xin Dong, Qi-Ying Fang, Gui-Zhen Zhu, Jing-Yi Wan, Hong-Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000551824","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The optimal duration of hemoadsorption durations combined with hemodialysis (HAHD) for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, we randomized 100 MHD patients to receive either 2-h HAHD group (HD + 2-h HP, n = 50) or 4-h HAHD group (HD + 4-h HP, n = 50) to compare treatment safety and efficacy profiles, with an additional 8 patients enrolled for hemoadsorber saturation assessment. This study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB No. [2024] No. 14).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that both treatments significantly reduced serum levels of parathyroid hormone and β2-microglobulin, hippuric acid (HA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), and kynurenine (KYN) (p < 0.05), with the 4-h HAHD group demonstrating greater clearance of indoxyl sulphate (IS) (p < 0.05) and significantly higher removal rates for HA, IAA, IS, PCS, and KYN compared to 2-h HAHD (p < 0.05). While protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) clearance was similar at 2 h, the 4-h HAHD group achieved superior HA and IAA clearance by 4 h (p < 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated, with no hematologic abnormalities and comparable adverse event rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that 4-h HAHD offers enhanced PBUTs clearance over 2-h HAHD while maintaining a favorable safety profile, supporting its clinical utility in MHD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"599-611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Use of Calcimimetics and Vitamin D Receptor Activators and Fracture Risk in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Chikao Onogi, Yutaka Sugiyama, Yu Watanabe, Akihito Tanaka, Kazuhiro Furuhashi, Eri Koshi-Ito, Shoichi Maruyama","doi":"10.1159/000551864","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a major complication of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels increase fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the association between secondary hyperparathyroidism medication and fracture risk in patients undergoing MHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patient data from a large medical claims database were used. Patients receiving MHD were divided into untreated, vitamin D receptor activator (VDRA), and calcimimetic groups. The outcome was the first hospitalization due to any fracture. First hospitalization for hip or vertebral fracture was evaluated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using a weighted Cox proportional hazards model with overlap weights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13,238, 4,847, and 5,977 patients comprised the untreated, VDRA, and calcimimetic groups, respectively. The untreated and calcimimetic groups showed a slightly lower incidence risk of any fracture than the VDRA group, although no significant difference was observed (HR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-1.10 and HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.64-1.09, for the untreated and calcimimetic groups, respectively). Regarding hip fracture, the calcimimetic group exhibited a similar downward trend compared with any fracture, whereas the untreated group showed an incidence risk comparable with that of the VDRA group (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.62-1.33 and HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.50-1.18, for the untreated and calcimimetic groups, respectively). The risk of vertebral fracture showed a downward trend in both groups, with the calcimimetic group exhibiting a significantly lower risk (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36-1.10 and HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.86, for the untreated and calcimimetic groups, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Calcimimetic use may reduce fracture incidence in patients undergoing MHD more effectively than VDRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"581-591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147627125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Hemoadsorption in Cancer-Related Complications.","authors":"Vedran Premuzic, Lui G Forni","doi":"10.1159/000547348","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with metastatic cancer are at risk of drug-related toxicity or disease-related complications leading to the development of organ failure such as rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), liver failure, and multi-organ failure, often precipitated by endotoxinemia and sepsis. In cases of systemic hyperinflammatory response, mediated by cytokines, to specific treatment with CAR-T-cell therapy or in sepsis with or without the development of AKI, we do not have an effective and specific target molecule-oriented therapy.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Over the past few decades, numerous experimental and clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of extracorporeal blood purification technologies in the treatment of specific indications like sepsis and septic shock. In this review article, our goal was to show the possibility of using different hemoadsorbers in specific indications in patients with cancer-related complications, their reported effectiveness in certain indications and the possibility of applying it to cancer patients not only as a last-stand therapy but as well as preventing the development of specific organ or multi-organ failure.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Currently, multiple forms of extracorporeal blood purification are available that may have benefit in patients with cancer-related complications. Despite a strong rationale for extracorporeal blood purification, many physicians are still reluctant introducing hemoadsorption as a recommended routine due to still insufficient evidence, mostly as a result of inadequate numbers of published randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, the application of hemoadsorption should be the same for cancer-related complications as well as it is for other patients because, in most cases, we aim to remove the same target molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Virtual Paediatric CRRT Simulator: Global Reach and Learning Insights.","authors":"Amrit Kirpalani, Cory Alec Manzo Anderson, Hannah Yassine, Janice A Tijssen, Paige Burgess","doi":"10.1159/000551262","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a high-stakes modality central to pediatric critical care, yet maintaining provider competency is challenging in many pediatric intensive care units due to low case volumes and limited access to structured training. Traditional high-fidelity simulation is effective but resource intensive, limiting scalability and global accessibility. Screen-based simulation offers a complementary, low-cost approach to address these educational gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed the Paediatric CRRT Simulator (<ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://crrt-sim.netlify.app/\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://crrt-sim.netlify.app/</ext-link>), a free, browser-based platform comprising 21 interactive cases designed to emulate real-world CRRT decision-making. The simulator uses modular clinical decision trees and adaptive learning principles, with case progression mapped to the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. Aggregated, anonymized Google Firebase Analytics data were analyzed for users accessing the platform between July 9 and October 6, 2025. Metrics included unique users, session frequency, geographic distribution, and case-level clinical decisions. Countries were classified by World Bank income categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the 90-day period, 2,578 unique users generated 3,761 sessions from 92 countries, including 25 low- and middle-income countries. The highest user activity originated from the USA (50.5%), Saudi Arabia (7.8%), Canada (7.1%), India (4.9%), and Brazil (3.7%). Forty-four percent of users returned for at least one additional session. Case-level analytics revealed significant practice variation: in a sepsis-associated acute kidney injury case (n = 1,651), anticoagulation selections were citrate 673/1,651 (40.8%), heparin 589/1,651 (35.7%), no anticoagulation 246/1,651 (14.9%), and epoprostenol 84/1,651 (5.1%) (χ2 = 214.8, p < 0.001). In a hemodynamic safety scenario involving a small child (n = 650), saline priming was selected in 446 (68.6%) of cases instead of blood (165/650 [25.4%]) or albumin (39/650 [6.0%]) despite high extracorporeal circuit volume (χ2 = 487.7, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screen-based CRRT simulation represents a scalable approach to support pediatric critical care training and inform future curriculum development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"310-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circuit Survival in Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.","authors":"Valentine Villada, Florent Girard, Elise Jeannesson, Matthieu Maria, Cyril Schweitzer, Chloé Grosyeux, Isabelle Vrillon, Arnaud Wiedemann","doi":"10.1159/000550355","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children that is caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is frequently used for managing AKI in critically ill pediatric patients. The filter lifespan is a crucial factor affecting its effectiveness and cost. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HUS on the lifespan of CRRT filters compared with that of other etiologies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective longitudinal study was conducted in a pediatric intensive care unit in Nancy, France, from January 2013 to December 2023. The study included 54 children requiring CRRT, with 388 filters (202 in the HUS group and 186 in the other etiologies group). Data on filter lifespan and various parameters were collected and analyzed according to disease (HUS group or other etiologies) and the type of anticoagulation used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median lifespan of the filters in the HUS group was shorter than that in the other etiologies group (13.3 h vs. 17.6 h, p = 0.05). This study revealed no significant difference in filter lifespan between regional citrate anticoagulation and systemic unfractionated heparin in pediatric patients with typical HUS (p = 1.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prothrombotic nature of HUS, characterized by platelet activation, may contribute to the observed decrease in lifespan. The mechanism of coagulation activation in HUS and its interaction with hemofiltration, including the effects of platelets and blood product transfusions, remain to be explored. The lifespan of the filters is shorter in patients with HUS than in those with other etiologies, regardless of the type of anticoagulation used.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"296-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Practice of Haemoadsorption Combined with Haemodialysis in Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients with Kidney Failure: Chinese Expert Consensus.","authors":"Liangying Gan, Xin Liu, Jihong Chen, Xiaonong Chen, Rongguo Fu, Xiong Li, Jing Liu, Yingchun Ma, Yan Zha, Jing Chen, Yuqing Chen, Hongdong Huang, Hong Jiang, Zhongxin Li, Zhaohui Ni, Xiaowen Tu, Pei Wang, Ying Wang, Songtao Yang, Ying Yao, Dongliang Zhang, Yun Zhou, Zhu Zhou, Xiaoyan Yan, Li Zuo","doi":"10.1159/000551448","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advancements in dialysis technology, patients with kidney failure who are on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) continue to experience high morbidity and mortality. Haemoadsorption combined with haemodialysis (HAHD) has emerged as a promising therapy to address these challenges. In light of the increasing adoption of HAHD in patients receiving MHD, there is a pressing need to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of HAHD treatment. Consequently, a panel of Chinese experts developed a consensus on HAHD on the basis of the published literature and collective clinical experience. The consensus outlines six critical issues concerning HAHD treatment: patient population, contraindications, heparinization and priming procedures, prescription of HAHD, adjustment of medication dosages, and potential treatment-associated adverse events. After evaluation using a Delphi methodology, 19 statements achieved consensus (7 recommendations and 12 practice points). The overarching goal is to provide best-practice recommendations formulated by the HAHD consensus group to guide the use of haemoadsorption in MHD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"534-552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147810925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}