Blood Purification最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Moxibustion on Gastrointestinal Function and Gut Microbiota in Chronic Renal Failure: A CARE Non-Placebo Randomized Controlled Study in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.","authors":"Weiguo Yao, Chunli Yu, Aiying Xiong, Li Li, Junli Gao, Kun Liu","doi":"10.1159/000545242","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Moxibustion is regarded as a complementary and alternative treatment for chronic renal failure (CRF) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a randomized controlled trial, and we collected case data from 52 CRF patients who received moxibustion combined with PD treatment (moxibustion group) and 50 CRF patients who only received PD treatment (control group) in our hospital from March 2020 to February 2022. After a 12-week treatment cycle, the changes in blood routine test indicators, blood electrolytes, routine biochemical indicators, 24 h urinary protein quantification, and gastrointestinal function indicators before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, indicative of kidney function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty two patients remained in the moxibustion group and 50 in the control group. After 12 weeks of treatment, the moxibustion group demonstrated significantly lower serum potassium and phosphorus levels than before treatment. Regarding biochemical blood analysis, the moxibustion group had significantly lower BUN levels, 24 h urinary protein quantification, and parathyroid hormone after treatment compared with the control group. However, although the serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were numerically lower in the moxibustion group, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The moxibustion group had improved gastrointestinal function, in terms of increased motilin and cholecystokinin levels, compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moxibustion combined with PD can improve renal and gastrointestinal functions and regulate the structure of the gut microbiota to in CRF patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"289-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Hemoperfusion in Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Song Shang, Bin Zhang, Baofa Wu, Yaping Dou, Lihai Zhang, Wuzhuang Sun, Wuzhuang Sun","doi":"10.1159/000546256","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search for candidate publications was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Studies investigating the effect of HP on mortality among severe COVID-19 patients were selected, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and observational studies with control groups. The primary endpoint was the longest reported mortality, while the secondary endpoints were the length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, P/F ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP). The Cochrane test (Q) and I2 test were used to quantify heterogeneity among the studies. The fixed-effect model (Mantel-Haenszel method) would be selected when there is no heterogeneity (p > 0.10 and I2 <50%), whereas the random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird method) was used in obvious heterogeneity (p ≤ 0.10 and I2 ≥50%). Data are presented as risk ratio (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), p values, and I2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 127 articles retrieved, 14 were selected for this study, including 405 patients in the HP group and 518 patients in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between the HP and the control groups (RR 0.81 95% CI: [0.71, 0.93]; p = 0.15 > 0.05; I2 = 68.2%). The results of the subgroup analysis of HP with HA series indicated a reduction in the mortality of patients with COVID-19 (RR 0.60 [0.46, 0.78]; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0.0%). The HP group had a longer hospital stay compared with the control group (weighted mean difference; WMD 5.25 [2.53, 7.97] days; p < 0.05; I2 = 28.0%), but not the ICU stay (ES 1.33 [-2.86, 5.53] days; p = 0.53; I2 = 85.5%). After HP, the P/F ratio (WMD 95.79 [74.46, 117.12] mm Hg; p < 0.05; I2 = 5.8%) increased, while CRP (WMD -44.03 [-68.97, -19.09] mg/L; p < 0.05; I2 = 86.9%) decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that HP did not significantly reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients; however, the HA series showed potential mortality benefits, suggesting its clinical applicability. While the HP group had longer hospital stays, ICU stay durations did not differ significantly. Notably, HP improved the P/F ratio and reduced CRP levels post-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"384-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Ticagrelor by Hemoadsorption with the HA380 Cartridge.","authors":"Taku Furukawa, Yugeesh R Lankadeva, Ian C Baldwin, Pei Chen Connie Ow, Sally Hood, Youssef Daali, Antoine Schneider, Laurent A Decosterd, Clive N May, Rinaldo Bellomo","doi":"10.1159/000544770","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000544770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemoadsorption has emerged as a potential intervention for the removal of ticagrelor. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the HA380 hemoadsorption cartridge for this purpose.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six healthy adult sheep received 270 mg of ticagrelor via an orogastric tube, followed by hemoadsorption using a HA380 cartridge for a duration of 4 h. The sorbent-based removal ratio, clearance, and mass removal rate were assessed at multiple time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HA380 cartridge achieved an initial sorbent-based removal ratio of 48.9% (SD 11.8) at 10 min, which declined rapidly to 2.66% (SD 18.5) at 120 min and 0.48% (SD 17.0) at 240 min. Clearance followed a similar trend, starting at 46.1 mL/min (SD 11.4) and decreasing to 0.08 mL/min (SD 16.8) at 240 min. The mass removal rate also dropped significantly over time, from 3.74 ng/min (SD 2.54) at 10 min to near zero at 120 and 240 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HA with the HA380 cartridge can achieve an early 50% adsorption level for ticagrelor. If frequently changed, the HA380 cartridge may serve as a potential option for ticagrelor removal, when clinically indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"226-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Extracorporeal Renal Replacement Therapies: Balancing Budgetary Considerations with Ethical Implications.","authors":"Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero, Fiammetta Zanetti, Akash Nayak Karopadi, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000545389","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluating extracorporeal therapies for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requires balancing cost-effectiveness with patient-centered care. With dialysis costs exceeding EUR 2 billion annually in Italy and USD 29 billion in the USA, assessing the economic implications of emerging technologies against their clinical benefits is crucial. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and health technology assessment (HTA) are widely used to evaluate healthcare interventions, yet they often fail to capture qualitative improvements in patients' quality of life. Additionally, ethical considerations remain underrepresented in these frameworks, despite their importance in guiding equitable resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This manuscript examines the landscape of extracorporeal therapies within the healthcare systems of Italy and the USA, highlighting the economic and ethical challenges in their evaluation. A novel two-dimensional framework is introduced, integrating bioethical principles - such as justice, equality, and equity - into CEA to ensure that interventions are assessed not only for their financial sustainability but also for their societal and ethical impact. By incorporating ethical considerations into CEA, the framework offers a more comprehensive approach to decision-making in healthcare resource allocation.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>(1) Traditional CEA and HTA methods often overlook qualitative improvements in patient quality of life. (2) Ethical considerations, including justice and equity, should be integrated into economic evaluations of healthcare interventions. (3) A two-dimensional framework is proposed to balance economic viability with patient-centered outcomes. (4) Incorporating ethics into CEA enhances healthcare decision-making, fostering innovation and equitable patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blueprint for a Catalan Apheresis Database Initiative: The Catalan Apheresis Therapeutics Network and Its Role in Supporting Health Administration Planning.","authors":"Joan Cid, Eva Rodríguez, Sandra Ortega, Anna M Garcia, Jordi Comas, Paola Charry, Miquel Lozano, Rosa Ramos","doi":"10.1159/000545202","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Therapeutic Apheresis Database in the Catalan Region (AfTerCat) was developed to consolidate and standardize data collection for therapeutic apheresis procedures across public and private institutions in Catalonia. Covering procedures performed from 2019 to 2023 in 21 apheresis units, the registry captures data on plasma treatments, cell therapies, and cytapheresis procedures, with over 26,000 recorded entries. Variations in workload across public and private institutions were noted, influencing resource needs and operational costs. By streamlining manual data collection and planning future automation, the AfTerCat registry aims to provide crucial insights for healthcare administrators in optimizing resource allocation, managing procedure costs, and supporting evidence-based policy decisions. The registry's integration into the Organització Catalana de Trasplantaments (OCATT) digital transformation initiative highlights its potential to impact health policy through improved data centralization and real-time analysis. This project serves as a foundational step toward efficient health system planning and cost management in the growing field of therapeutic apheresis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"281-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction Rate of Uric Acid in Blood during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Yutaro Inoue, Ryota Inokuchi, Hidehiko Nakano, Yoshiki Masuda, Osamu Nishida, Kent Doi","doi":"10.1159/000542329","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) eliminates these small solutes with equal efficacy under the same conditions. However, variations in the reduction rates of these solutes observed in patients with CRRT are likely influenced by factors other than removal through CRRT. This study evaluated the reduction rates of these small solutes during CRRT and their possible association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the data of limited patients registered in the CHANGE study, which is a large retrospective observational study on CRRT management across 18 Japanese ICUs. Reduction rates of three solutes in blood, calculated on the 1st and 2nd days, were compared in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated by CRRT. The potential association between solute reduction rates and mortality during CRRT or within 7 days after the termination of CRRT was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 163 patients with AKI were included in the analysis. The reduction rates of uric acid (UA) were significantly higher than those of urea and creatinine for the 1st and 2nd tests in the entire cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that lower UA reduction rates were significantly associated with mortality during CRRT or within 7 days after CRRT termination {area under the ROC curve: 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.71] for the 1st test and 0.63 [95% CI: 0.54-0.72] for the 2nd test}. After adjusting for age and SOFA score, a significant association was observed between lower UA reduction rates and hospital mortality for both tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the small solutes, UA reduction rates in patients with AKI treated with CRRT were notably higher than those of creatinine and urea. Furthermore, the significant association between lower UA reduction rates and mortality suggests that UA reduction rate may serve as a valuable indicator of insufficient removal of uremic solutes by CRRT, although the decline in UA production must be taken into account.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) eliminates these small solutes with equal efficacy under the same conditions. However, variations in the reduction rates of these solutes observed in patients with CRRT are likely influenced by factors other than removal through CRRT. This study evaluated the reduction rates of these small solutes during CRRT and their possible association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used the data of limited patients registered in the CHANGE study, which is a large retrospective observational study on CRRT management across 18 Japanese ICUs. Reduction rates of three solutes in blood, calculated on the 1st and 2nd days, were compared in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated by CRRT. The potential association between solute reduction rates and mortality during CRRT or within 7 days ","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11854975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Amino Acids: The Key to Perioperative Kidney Protection?","authors":"Faeq Husain-Syed, John A Kellum, Claudio Ronco","doi":"10.1159/000542333","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"153-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability and Compatibility of Amikacin and Its Combination Antibiotics in 7.5% Icodextrin Peritoneal Dialysis Solution.","authors":"Haishan Wu, Pengchao Fang, Zhihao Liu, Haiping Mao, Wei Chen, Xiao Yang, Haiyan Hu, Qunying Guo","doi":"10.1159/000545085","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the stability and compatibility of diverse antibiotics in 7.5% icodextrin peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution, subjected to various temperatures over a span of 14-day period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibiotics, namely, amikacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and cefazolin, were incorporated into 7.5% icodextrin solution and subsequently stored at various temperature and period. The concentrations of these antibiotics were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Stability of antibiotics is defined as the remaining drug concentration >90% of the initial one throughout the test period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ciprofloxacin and amikacin were demonstrated stable for a period of 14 days in icodextrin solution across all tested temperatures. Amikacin retained over 90% of its initial concentration when combined with either vancomycin, cefazolin, or ciprofloxacin at various temperatures for 14 days. In combination with amikacin, ciprofloxacin maintained stability for 14 days at all tested temperatures, while vancomycin maintained stability for 14 days at both 4°C and 25°C, and 7 days at 37°C. Cefazolin, however, only exhibited stability for 8 h at 37°C and 7 days at both 4°C and 25°C. The stability of imipenem in icodextrin solution was notably low, remaining stable for a maximum 6 h at 4°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ciprofloxacin, amikacin, as well as combinations of amikacin and vancomycin, amikacin and cefazolin, amikacin and ciprofloxacin, can be added to icodextrin solution for treatment of PD-associated peritonitis because they maintain stability for a minimum of 7 days at the temperatures of 4°C and 25°C, and 8 h at 37°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"231-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Remote Dielectric Sensing in Volumetric Evaluation for Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Yuqing Chen, Chun-Yue Wang, Li Zhou","doi":"10.1159/000546872","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fluid overload increases the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients. Remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) is a newly wearable device which can evaluate the volumetric status via the ratio of fluid and air in pulmonary tissue. In this study we explored whether ReDS can be used in the evaluation of volume status in dialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We involved maintenance hemodialysis patients in the cross-sectional study and obtained both pre- and post-dialysis ReDS values. We also collected pre- and post-dialysis overhydration values by bioelectrical impedance analysis and biochemistry indicators like brain natriuretic peptide and analyzed their correlations with ReDS values to explore whether ReDS was feasible in fluid assessment for hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>115 maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled. The average pre-dialysis ReDS reading was 27.47% ± 4.88% (range from 16.00% to 39.00%), and the median post-dialysis ReDS value was 24% (range from 16% to 37%). ReDS can distinguish fluid overload patients (pre-dialysis overhydration value ≥2.5 L, p < 0.001). ReDS value has a positive correlation with overhydration value (pre-dialysis: R = 0.38, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (R = -0.333, p = 0.018). ROC analysis showed that cut-off of pre-dialysis ReDS value to discriminate pre-dialysis overhydration value ≥2.5 L was 26.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ReDS has potential in fluid evaluation for maintenance hemodialysis patients and can serve as a useful tool to assist in clinical hydration status assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"483-496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Red Blood Cell Volume in Extracorporeal Blood Circuit after Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study.","authors":"Sae-Yong Hong, Nam-Seon Beck, Jong-Ran Lee, Eun-Kyoung Jeon, So-Min Kim, Sol-Rim Park, Ok-Ju Park, Jungrak Hong, Joung-Il Im","doi":"10.1159/000542004","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The factors contributing to blood loss during hemodialysis (HD) procedures remain underexplored. This study aimed to quantify blood loss during HD and identify the potential factors associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 70 ESRD patients undergoing HD. After dialysis, the extracorporeal blood circuits were rinsed with 1,000 mL of 0.05% NH3 solution in distilled water, and hemoglobin levels were measured. Univariate regression was used to assess the linear relationship between residual red blood cell (RBC) volume and various parameters, including HD mode, dialyzer surface area, ultrafiltration goal, hypotension during HD, blood flow rate, activated partial thromboplastin time, and C-reactive protein. Multivariate regression was also conducted to explore the relationships among these parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean RBC volume remaining in the extracorporeal blood circuit after HD was 1.6 ± 0.9 mL (mode: 1.0, range: 0.3-6.5 mL). When converted to whole blood volume per patient, the mean blood volume was 5.3 ± 3.0 mL (median: 4.1 mL, mode: 4.0 mL, range: 1.0-19.0 mL). Multivariate analysis identified the dialyzer surface area as the only significant determinant of residual RBC volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After HD, the remaining RBC volume in the extracorporeal blood circuit varies from 1.6 to 6.5 mL. When the RBC volume was converted to whole blood volume for each case, the blood loss ranged from 1.0 to 19.0 mL. Dialyzer surface area was the only significant determinant of residual RBC volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":8953,"journal":{"name":"Blood Purification","volume":" ","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}