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Journal of organ dysfunction最新文献

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Environmental, biochemical and molecular factors regulating manganese-induced neurological injury 环境、生化和分子因素调控锰致神经损伤
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060601180787
J. Roth
{"title":"Environmental, biochemical and molecular factors regulating manganese-induced neurological injury","authors":"J. Roth","doi":"10.1080/17471060601180787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060601180787","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese intoxication is most often regarded as an occupational disorder in which abnormally high atmospheric concentrations prevail, such as in welding and mining. The syndrome known as manganism is characterized by cognitive, behavioral, intellectual and minor neurological disturbances in the initial stages of the disorder and by more prominent and irreversible extrapyramidal dysfunction resembling Parkinson's disease upon prolonged exposure. Recent evidence further reveals that individuals with liver dysfunction and those receiving parenteral nutrition exhibit many of the same symptoms as occupationally exposed workers. Common homeostatic processes are normally capable of preventing Mn overload for a typical dietary intake but in environmental settings in which occupational exposures are both chronic and excessive, these regulatory processes are inadequate to maintain tolerable levels of the metal, as demonstrated by significant increases in both blood and brain levels of Mn. Based on T1-weighted MRI ...","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"3 1","pages":"110-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87226442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical ventilation in the acute respiratory distress syndrome * 2006 机械通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征* 2006
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2007-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060601180795
J. Marini
{"title":"Mechanical ventilation in the acute respiratory distress syndrome * 2006","authors":"J. Marini","doi":"10.1080/17471060601180795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060601180795","url":null,"abstract":"Given the joint potential for the ventilator to offer life support or extend the severity and duration of the illness, the machine settings for the ventilatory cycle are of unquestioned importance. How best to achieve the appropriate tradeoff, however, remains a topic of active debate. The currently available clinical database appears compatible with the highly consistent scientific body of information that addresses ventilator usage in the setting of acute lung injury. Unfortunately, most efforts to conduct clinical trials to inform clinical practice have been severely hampered, however, by imprecise definitions and protocols that lack mechanistic sophistication. In this paper, clinical trials of lung protection are reviewed and the insights gained are used to propose general guidelines for ventilatory management as well as a suggested management sequence for patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"75 1","pages":"224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88545609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial dysfunction 缺氧诱导肺泡上皮功能障碍
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060600763377
I. Vadász, J. Sznajder
{"title":"Hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial dysfunction","authors":"I. Vadász, J. Sznajder","doi":"10.1080/17471060600763377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060600763377","url":null,"abstract":"Alveolar hypoxia occurs in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a result of flooded alveoli, and is associated with decreased edema fluid clearance and, thus, increased mortality. The mechanisms of impaired alveolar fluid clearance in epithelial injury are incompletely understood. Hypoxia-mediated impairment of lung edema clearance is closely related to the inhibition of Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase), an enzyme that consumes up to 40% of cellular ATP production. Within a short period of time, hypoxia inhibits Na,K-ATPase activity by promoting its endocytosis from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments in alveolar epithelial cells. More prolonged hypoxia appears to result in both downregulation and degradation of Na,K-ATPase. By decreasing Na,K-ATPase activity, there is decreased ATP demand and oxygen consumption, crucial elements for cellular survival under hypoxic conditions. Better understanding of these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic approaches ...","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"50 1","pages":"244-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77448510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征的肺保护性机械通气策略
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060600580722
R. Brower, L. Brochard
{"title":"Lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome","authors":"R. Brower, L. Brochard","doi":"10.1080/17471060600580722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060600580722","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical ventilation (MV) is critical for survival of many patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, MV can also cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) which may delay or prevent recovery of some patients. Experimental models demonstrated that VILI could be reduced by modifying traditional MV approaches. Some clinical trials demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in patients who received lower tidal volumes and inspiratory airway pressures to prevent VILI from overdistention. Experimental models suggest that VILI may occur from cyclic opening and closing of small bronchioles and alveoli, and that this can be reduced by applying positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Some clinical studies suggested that clinical outcomes may be improved with the use higher levels of PEEP than are used with traditional MV strategies. However, in these studies higher PEEP was combined with lower tidal volumes and inspiratory airway pressures. It is not yet clear th...","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"12 4 1","pages":"209-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75517217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Surfactant alterations and treatment of lung transplant ischemia–reperfusion injury 表面活性物质改变与肺移植缺血再灌注损伤的治疗
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060500466691
N. P. V. D. Kaaij, R. Lachmann, A. Bogers, B. Lachmann
{"title":"Surfactant alterations and treatment of lung transplant ischemia–reperfusion injury","authors":"N. P. V. D. Kaaij, R. Lachmann, A. Bogers, B. Lachmann","doi":"10.1080/17471060500466691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060500466691","url":null,"abstract":"This review addresses surfactant alterations and treatment in lung transplant ischemia–reperfusion injury. Lung ischemia–reperfusion injury damages the endogenous surfactant system as a result of the production of reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes and (phospho)lipases. Surfactant is composed of phospholipids and proteins and its main function is to reduce the surface tension inside the alveolus. Impairment of surfactant will cause atelectasis, influx of serum proteins, pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance and impaired gas exchange. Surfactant therapy restores the quantity and composition of surfactant and reduces the inhibitory effect of serum proteins; other effects are that it serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Pretreatment may be more beneficial than treatment after the development of lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. However, the cost of surfactant must be weighed against the clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"4 1","pages":"221-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88690146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Inflammatory mediators in sepsis: Cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and gases 脓毒症中的炎症介质:细胞因子、趋化因子、粘附分子和气体
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060500435662
R. Ramnath, Siaw Weing, Min He, Jia Sun, Huili Zhang, Manmish S. Bawa, M. Bhatia
{"title":"Inflammatory mediators in sepsis: Cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and gases","authors":"R. Ramnath, Siaw Weing, Min He, Jia Sun, Huili Zhang, Manmish S. Bawa, M. Bhatia","doi":"10.1080/17471060500435662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060500435662","url":null,"abstract":"Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome in response to severe infection. An overwhelming systemic response brought about by the release of various inflammatory mediators can lead to shock, multiple organ damage and death. Cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and are regulated by a complex network of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Various chemokines sequester neutrophils into the target organ, further augmenting inflammation. Chemokine receptor antagonism represents a major therapeutic approach against sepsis. Adhesion molecules mediate the migration of leukocytes towards the site of inflammation and their activation. Gaseous mediators such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are also involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation. Our review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of various inflammatory mediators in sepsis.","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"55 1","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Multiple-systems dysfunction within the lung: A new angle for understanding pulmonary dysfunction 肺内多系统功能障碍:了解肺功能障碍的新角度
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060500462393
C. Bai, Xiang-dong Wang
{"title":"Multiple-systems dysfunction within the lung: A new angle for understanding pulmonary dysfunction","authors":"C. Bai, Xiang-dong Wang","doi":"10.1080/17471060500462393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060500462393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"35 1","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87267173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Mechanisms of mucus secretion in the airways 气道粘液分泌的机制
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060500462450
K. Adler, S. Fang, Ko-Wei Lin, Joungjoa Park
{"title":"Mechanisms of mucus secretion in the airways","authors":"K. Adler, S. Fang, Ko-Wei Lin, Joungjoa Park","doi":"10.1080/17471060500462450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060500462450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"187 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75404996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Outstanding scientists in the world of organ dysfunction 器官功能障碍领域的杰出科学家
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060600586588
M. Matthay
{"title":"Outstanding scientists in the world of organ dysfunction","authors":"M. Matthay","doi":"10.1080/17471060600586588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060600586588","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"69 1","pages":"4-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87732205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surfactant in lung injury: How important is it? 表面活性剂在肺损伤中的作用:有多重要?
Journal of organ dysfunction Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/17471060500462492
Jim F. Lewis
{"title":"Surfactant in lung injury: How important is it?","authors":"Jim F. Lewis","doi":"10.1080/17471060500462492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17471060500462492","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary surfactant lines the inner surface of the lung and functions to lower surface tension within the alveolar space, thus minimizing the work of breathing. Surfactant also serves in a host defense role by enhancing bacterial and viral clearance and killing, as well as downregulating, the host inflammatory response. Alterations of the pulmonary surfactant system contribute to the lung dysfunction associated with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. As a result, exogenous surfactant has been evaluated as a treatment modality for these patients. Unfortunately, the results of these clinical trials have been inconsistent, although a recent large Phase III study showed that patients with direct lung injuries induced by pneumonia and/or aspiration may specifically benefit from this therapy. Future research directions in the surfactant field include prospective clinical trials specifically focused on targeted patient populations as well as studies evaluating the role of the surfact...","PeriodicalId":89424,"journal":{"name":"Journal of organ dysfunction","volume":"13 1","pages":"20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81508364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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