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International journal of population research最新文献

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The Brain Drain Potential of Students in the African Health and Nonhealth Sectors 非洲卫生和非卫生部门学生的人才流失潜力
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-27 DOI: 10.1155/2012/274305
J. Crush, W. Pendleton
{"title":"The Brain Drain Potential of Students in the African Health and Nonhealth Sectors","authors":"J. Crush, W. Pendleton","doi":"10.1155/2012/274305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/274305","url":null,"abstract":"The departure of health professionals to Europe and North America is placing an intolerable burden on public health systems in many African countries. Various retention, recall, and replacement policies to ameliorate the impact of this brain drain have been suggested, none of which have been particularly successful to date. The key question for the future is whether the brain drain of health sector skills is likely to continue and whether the investment of African countries in training health professionals will continue to be lost through emigration. This paper examines the emigration intentions of trainee health professionals in six Southern African countries. The data was collected by the Southern African Migration Program (SAMP) in a survey of final-year students across the region which included 651 students training for the health professions. The data also allows for the comparison of health sector with other students. The analysis presented in this paper shows very high emigration potential amongst all final-year students. Health sector students do show a slightly higher inclination to leave than those training to work in other sectors. These findings present a considerable challenge for policy makers seeking to encourage students to stay at home and work after graduation.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83497609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Socioeconomic Position, Rural Residence, and Marginality Influences on Obesity Status in the Adult Mexican Population 墨西哥成年人口的社会经济地位、农村居住和边缘化对肥胖状况的影响
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/757538
P. J. Sparks, Corey S. Sparks
{"title":"Socioeconomic Position, Rural Residence, and Marginality Influences on Obesity Status in the Adult Mexican Population","authors":"P. J. Sparks, Corey S. Sparks","doi":"10.1155/2012/757538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/757538","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses individual and social environment determinants of obesity in the adult Mexican population based on socioeconomic position, rural residence, and areal deprivation. Using a nationally representative health and nutrition survey, this analysis considers individual and structural determinants of obesity from a socioeconomic position and health disparities conceptual framework using multilevel logistic regression models. We find that more than thirty percent of Mexican adults were obese in 2006 and that the odds of being obese were strongly associated with an individual's socioeconomic position, gender, place of residence, and the level of marginalization (areal deprivation) in the place of residence. Surprisingly, areas of the country where areal deprivation was highest had lower risks of individual obesity outcomes. We suggest that programs oriented towards addressing the health benefits of traditional food systems over high-energy dense refined foods and sugary beverages be promoted as part of a public health program aimed at curbing the rising obesity prevalence in Mexico.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Metropolitan USA: Evidence from the 2010 Census 美国大都会:来自2010年人口普查的证据
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-15 DOI: 10.1155/2012/207532
John Rennie Short
{"title":"Metropolitan USA: Evidence from the 2010 Census","authors":"John Rennie Short","doi":"10.1155/2012/207532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/207532","url":null,"abstract":"I will review the major changes in the distribution of the metropolitan population of the United States (US), as revealed by the 2010 data recently released by the US Census. These data allow us to track recent changes and provide the basis for a discussion of longer-term trends identified in previous studies of US cities (Short 2006, 2007) and the city suburban nexus (Hanlon et al. 2010). In brief summary, the paper will show the continuing metropolitanization and suburbanization of the US population. A more nuanced picture will reveal evidence of stress in suburban areas and population resurgence in selected central city areas. Overall, the story is one of a profound revalorization and a major respatialization of the US metropolis.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89768484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
No Longer Sojourners: The Complexities of Racial Ethnic Identity, Gender, and Generational Outcomes for Sub-Saharan Africans in the USA 《不再是旅居者:美国撒哈拉以南非洲人种族、民族身份、性别和代际结果的复杂性》
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-14 DOI: 10.1155/2012/973745
Natasha M. Rivers
{"title":"No Longer Sojourners: The Complexities of Racial Ethnic Identity, Gender, and Generational Outcomes for Sub-Saharan Africans in the USA","authors":"Natasha M. Rivers","doi":"10.1155/2012/973745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/973745","url":null,"abstract":"Through individual and group testimonies from newly arrived, 1.5 and second generation sub-Saharan Africans (For this study sub-Saharan African refers to the countries located under Northern African countries, for example, Egypt and Morocco and, includes South Africa. There are over 50 countries represented by this region; however, the most populous groups from this region in Africa in the USA are Nigerian, Ethiopian, Kenyan, Liberian, Ghanaian, Cape Verdean, South African, and Somalian.), the diversity and complexity linked to their migration and integration experiences in the USA reveal that there is a gendered and generational element to their self identity. These elements are compounded by perceptions of being African American in a racialized society and deciding whether or not to stay connected to Africa, a continent that needs their financial, political, and social resources accumulated in the USA These “new” African Americans expand the definition of blackness in the USA. Many have created a transnational relationship to Africa and the USA, which provides important implications for Africa’s potential “brain gain” as well as socioeconomic, infrastructural, and political development.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81432285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Financial Factors and Labour Market Transitions of Older Workers in Canada 加拿大老年工人的金融因素与劳动力市场转型
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-10 DOI: 10.1155/2012/458723
Xuyang Chen, M. Fougére, B. Rainville
{"title":"Financial Factors and Labour Market Transitions of Older Workers in Canada","authors":"Xuyang Chen, M. Fougére, B. Rainville","doi":"10.1155/2012/458723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/458723","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the influence of financial factors on the labour market transitions of Canadian older workers. Also, in contrast to previous studies, the analysis focuses on transitions between full-time work, part-time work, and retirement. Sequential annual observations of employment and retirement choices are examined for samples of full-time and part-time workers, drawn from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), 2001–2006. Measures of potential pension wealth and one-year and peak pension accruals are imputed using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, 1973–1997, and the SLID, 1997–2006. Regression results indicate that financial factors influence workers to move from full-time to part-time jobs and support the evidence found in previous studies that retirement is usually a process, not a single event. Also, an increase in pension accruals increases the probability of working full-time for lower-income earners only. Among nonfinancial factors, a negative health shock increases the probability of working part-time or retiring for full-time workers but has little effect on the labour market transitions of part-time workers. Finally, these results suggest that policies to encourage phased retirement are unlikely to have a significant labour market effect since bridge employment is already a common transition process among older workers.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79980088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
International Comparisons of Population Mobility in Russia 俄罗斯人口流动的国际比较
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-10 DOI: 10.1155/2012/361497
T. Heleniak
{"title":"International Comparisons of Population Mobility in Russia","authors":"T. Heleniak","doi":"10.1155/2012/361497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/361497","url":null,"abstract":"The population of Russia is regarded as being quite immobile compared to other countries. There have been some recent methodological advances and new datasets on internal migration which make cross-national comparisons, though these do not extend to Russia. This paper adds comparisons of levels of mobility in Russia with other countries. The study finds that the population of Russia is not significantly less mobile than other large countries and that part of the myth of immobility stems from a deterioration of the migration registration system in the post-Soviet period. There are inconsistencies between lifetime mobility derived from population censuses and annual mobility from a population register which originated during the central-planning period. \u0000Given changes in the economic structure at both national and regional levels during the period of economic transition, migration theory predicted significant migration movements, and it seems as if many were not captured by the statistical system.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73965193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Finding Ernesto: Temporary Labour Migration and Disabled Children’s Health 寻找埃内斯托:临时劳工迁移与残疾儿童健康
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-05-09 DOI: 10.1155/2012/696753
K. Soldatic, Helen Meekosha, Kelly Somers
{"title":"Finding Ernesto: Temporary Labour Migration and Disabled Children’s Health","authors":"K. Soldatic, Helen Meekosha, Kelly Somers","doi":"10.1155/2012/696753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/696753","url":null,"abstract":"We seek to expose the implications of Australia’s exclusionary and discriminatory disability migration provisions on the health and wellbeing of disabled children who have arrived in Australia through alternative migratory routes. By undertaking an in-depth analysis of a single case study, Ernesto, we bring to the fore the key issues facing disabled immigrant children. These children, like our case study Ernesto, are only granted visas on the proviso that their parents/primary caregivers agree to cover the full costs associated with their disability, including medical care and additional expenses such as educational inclusion. The story of Ernesto reveals the extreme impact of these discriminatory policies on this population’s health and wellbeing. Further, we discuss how the state’s “right to exclude” people with disabilities from the migratory process negatively affects the health and wellbeing of their siblings and parents.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"1996 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82475724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Regional Fertility Transition in India: An Analysis Using Synthetic Parity Progression Ratios 印度地区生育过渡:使用合成胎次递进比的分析
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-04-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/358409
T. Spoorenberg, P. Dommaraju
{"title":"Regional Fertility Transition in India: An Analysis Using Synthetic Parity Progression Ratios","authors":"T. Spoorenberg, P. Dommaraju","doi":"10.1155/2012/358409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/358409","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines various aspects of regional fertility transition in India. Using nationally representative data from three rounds of National Family Health Surveys (NFHSs) conducted in India, we compare and contrast fertility patterns in six regions of India for the period between 1977 and 2004. To study the fertility patterns, we use synthetic parity progression ratios which, besides providing estimates for average lifetime parity, also allow for decomposition of lifetime parity by birth order. The paper also examines changes in birth intervals over time and across the six regions. The results confirm the persistence of regional differences in fertility. However, in all regions fertility is declining and it is possible that fertility rates will converge in the near future. The main reason for fertility decline in all regions is the reduction in third- and higher-order births. There has not been any significant decline in first and second births, even in regions with low fertility. In addition to the discussion of the substantive results, the paper also comments on the quality of NFHS data.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90296801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Population Ageing and Socially Assistive Robots for Elderly Persons: The Importance of Sociodemographic Factors for User Acceptance 人口老龄化和老年人社会辅助机器人:社会人口因素对用户接受度的重要性
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-04-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/829835
P. Flandorfer
{"title":"Population Ageing and Socially Assistive Robots for Elderly Persons: The Importance of Sociodemographic Factors for User Acceptance","authors":"P. Flandorfer","doi":"10.1155/2012/829835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/829835","url":null,"abstract":"Taking care of older adults is among the major challenges currently faced by ageing populations. Researchers, designers, and engineers have proposed socially assistive robots as one way of helping elderly people stay in their homes longer. In a systematic literature review, this paper wants to investigate if and how evaluations of the acceptance of socially assistive robots by older people take into account sociodemographic factors. The results indicate that this only holds true for a few studies. Research that incorporates age, gender, education, and so forth; clearly shows that these key factors have a significant impact. However, the relations are complex and experience with technology mitigates the influence of sociodemographic factors on acceptance. Assistive devices should be adaptable to individual needs to be able to consider all these factors.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83102748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 232
Influence of Perceived Racial Discrimination on Health and Behaviour of Immigrant Children in British Columbia 感知种族歧视对不列颠哥伦比亚省移民儿童健康和行为的影响
International journal of population research Pub Date : 2012-04-12 DOI: 10.1155/2012/274963
A. George, C. Bassani, R. Armstrong
{"title":"Influence of Perceived Racial Discrimination on Health and Behaviour of Immigrant Children in British Columbia","authors":"A. George, C. Bassani, R. Armstrong","doi":"10.1155/2012/274963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/274963","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of perceived discrimination on the health and behaviour of ethnic minority immigrant children in British Columbia, Canada. Using data from the New Canadian Children and Youth Study, we examine perceived discrimination experienced by the parent, family, and cultural group in Canada to test the influence of micro-, meso-, and macrolevels of discrimination on children. Families from 6 ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. Parents’ perceptions of the child’s health and six behavioral scales (hyperactivity, prosocial behaviour, emotional problems, aggression, indirect aggression, and a general combined behaviour scale) were examined as outcome variables. After controlling for ethnicity and background variables, our findings suggest that perceived micro- and macrodiscrimination has the greatest influence on the health and behaviour of our immigrant child sample. Variation among ethnic groups provided the largest explanation of health and behavioural discrepancies in our study.","PeriodicalId":89391,"journal":{"name":"International journal of population research","volume":"254 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75762829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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