Bioarchitecture最新文献_第9页

The juxtamembrane domain of the E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail contributes to its interaction with Myosin VI. e -钙粘蛋白细胞质尾部的近膜结构域有助于其与肌球蛋白VI的相互作用。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.22082

Sabine Mangold, Suzanne J Norwood, Alpha S Yap, Brett M Collins

引用次数: 12

Intravital microscopy: a practical guide on imaging intracellular structures in live animals. 内视显微镜：活体动物细胞内结构成像实用指南。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21758

Andrius Masedunskas, Oleg Milberg, Natalie Porat-Shliom, Monika Sramkova, Tim Wigand, Panomwat Amornphimoltham, Roberto Weigert

{"title":"Intravital microscopy: a practical guide on imaging intracellular structures in live animals.","authors":"Andrius Masedunskas, Oleg Milberg, Natalie Porat-Shliom, Monika Sramkova, Tim Wigand, Panomwat Amornphimoltham, Roberto Weigert","doi":"10.4161/bioa.21758","DOIUrl":"10.4161/bioa.21758","url":null,"abstract":"Intravital microscopy is an extremely powerful tool that enables imaging several biological processes in live animals. Recently, the ability to image subcellular structures in several organs combined with the development of sophisticated genetic tools has made possible extending this approach to investigate several aspects of cell biology. Here we provide a general overview of intravital microscopy with the goal of highlighting its potential and challenges. Specifically, this review is geared toward researchers that are new to intravital microscopy and focuses on practical aspects of carrying out imaging in live animals. Here we share the know-how that comes from first-hand experience, including topics such as choosing the right imaging platform and modality, surgery and stabilization techniques, anesthesia and temperature control. Moreover, we highlight some of the approaches that facilitate subcellular imaging in live animals by providing numerous examples of imaging selected organelles and the actin cytoskeleton in multiple organs. ","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 5","pages":"143-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c3/64/bioa-2-143.PMC3696059.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30915544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tethering factor P115: a new model for tether-SNARE interactions. 系绳因子P115:系绳- snare相互作用的新模型。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21702

Robert Grabski, Jesse Hay, Elizabeth Sztul

引用次数: 6

Myosins in cell junctions. 细胞连接处的肌球蛋白。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21791

Katy C Liu, Richard E Cheney

引用次数: 38

How a common variant in the growth factor receptor gene, NTRK1, affects white matter. 生长因子受体基因NTRK1的常见变异如何影响白质。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-09-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.22190

Meredith N Braskie, Neda Jahanshad, Arthur W Toga, Katie L McMahon, Greig I de Zubicaray, Nicholas G Martin, Margaret J Wright, Paul M Thompson

{"title":"How a common variant in the growth factor receptor gene, NTRK1, affects white matter.","authors":"Meredith N Braskie, Neda Jahanshad, Arthur W Toga, Katie L McMahon, Greig I de Zubicaray, Nicholas G Martin, Margaret J Wright, Paul M Thompson","doi":"10.4161/bioa.22190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/bioa.22190","url":null,"abstract":"Growth factors and their receptors are important for cellular migration as well as axonal guidance and myelination in the brain. They also play a key role in programmed cell death, and are implicated in a number of mental illnesses. Recently, we reported that healthy young adults who carry the T allele variant in the growth factor gene, NTRK1 (at location rs6336), had lower white matter integrity than non-carriers on diffusion images of the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed how this single nucleotide polymorphism affects white matter microstructure in human populations; DTI is also used to identify characteristic features of brain connectivity in typically developing children and in patients. Newly discovered links between neuroimaging measures and growth factors whose molecular neuroscience is well known offer an important step in understanding mechanisms that contribute to brain connectivity. Altered fiber connectivity may mediate the relationship between some genetic risk factors and a variety of mental illnesses. ","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 5","pages":"181-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/bioa.22190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30913313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Evolutionary conservation of neocortical neurogenetic program in the mammals and birds. 哺乳动物和鸟类新皮质神经遗传程序的进化保护。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21032

Ikuo K Suzuki, Tatsumi Hirata

{"title":"Evolutionary conservation of neocortical neurogenetic program in the mammals and birds.","authors":"Ikuo K Suzuki, Tatsumi Hirata","doi":"10.4161/bioa.21032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/bioa.21032","url":null,"abstract":"The unique innovation of the layered neocortex in mammalian evolution is believed to facilitate adaptive radiation of mammalian species to various ecological environments by furnishing high information processing ability. There are no transitional states from the non-mammalian simple brain to the mammalian multilayered neocortex, and thus it is totally a mystery so far how this brain structure has been acquired during evolution. In our recent study, we found the evidence showing that the evolutionary origin of the neocortical neuron subtypes predates the actual emergence of layer structure. Our comparative developmental analysis of the chick pallium, homologous to the mammalian neocortex, revealed that mammals and avians fundamentally share the neocortical neuron subtypes and their production mechanisms, suggesting that their common ancestor already possessed a similar neuronal repertory. We further demonstrated that the neocortical layer-specific neuron subtypes are arranged as mediolaterally separated domains in the chick, but not as layers in the mammalian neocortex. These animal group-specific neuronal arrangements are accomplished by spatial modulation of the neurogenetic program, suggesting an evolutionary hypothesis that the regulatory changes in the neurogenetic program innovated the mammalian specific layered neocortex. ","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 4","pages":"124-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/bioa.21032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30890994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Structural biology of the PCI-protein fold. pci -蛋白折叠的结构生物学。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21131

Andrew M Ellisdon, Murray Stewart

引用次数: 35

p21-activated kinase 4 regulates mitotic spindle positioning and orientation. p21活化的激酶4调节有丝分裂纺锤体的定位和取向。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21132

Guillaume Bompard, Nathalie Morin

{"title":"p21-activated kinase 4 regulates mitotic spindle positioning and orientation.","authors":"Guillaume Bompard, Nathalie Morin","doi":"10.4161/bioa.21132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/bioa.21132","url":null,"abstract":"During mitosis, microtubules (MTs) are massively rearranged into three sets of highly dynamic MTs that are nucleated from the centrosomes to form the mitotic spindle. Tight regulation of spindle positioning in the dividing cell and chromosome alignment at the center of the metaphase spindle are required to ensure perfect chromosome segregation and to position the cytokinetic furrow that will specify the two daughter cells. Spindle positioning requires regulation of MT dynamics, involving depolymerase activities together with cortical and kinetochore-mediated pushing and pulling forces acting on astral MTs and kinetochore fibres. These forces rely on MT motor activities. Cortical pulling forces exerted on astral MTs depend upon dynein/dynactin complexes and are essential in both symmetric and asymmetric cell division. A well-established spindle positioning pathway regulating the cortical targeting of dynein/dynactin involves the conserved LGN (Leu-Gly-Asn repeat-enriched-protein) and NuMA (microtubule binding nuclear mitotic apparatus protein) complex. Spindle orientation is also regulated by integrin-mediated cell adhesion and actin retraction fibres that respond to mechanical stress and are influenced by the microenvironment of the dividing cell. Altering the capture of astral MTs or modulating pulling forces affects spindle position, which can impair cell division, differentiation and embryogenesis. In this general scheme, the activity of mitotic kinases such as Auroras and Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) is crucial. Recently, the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) emerged as novel important players in mitotic progression. In our recent article, we demonstrated that PAK4 regulates spindle positioning in symmetric cell division. In this commentary, and in light of recent published studies, we discuss how PAK4 could participate in the regulation of mechanisms involved in spindle positioning and orientation.","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 4","pages":"130-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/bioa.21132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30892269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The yeast THO complex forms a 5-subunit assembly that directly interacts with active chromatin. 酵母THO复合体形成一个5个亚基组合，直接与活性染色质相互作用。

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21181

Kamil Gewartowski, Jorge Cuéllar, Andrzej Dziembowski, José María Valpuesta

{"title":"The yeast THO complex forms a 5-subunit assembly that directly interacts with active chromatin.","authors":"Kamil Gewartowski, Jorge Cuéllar, Andrzej Dziembowski, José María Valpuesta","doi":"10.4161/bioa.21181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/bioa.21181","url":null,"abstract":"The THO complex is a nuclear structure whose architecture is conserved among all kingdoms and plays an important role in mRNP biogenesis connecting transcription elongation with mRNA maturation and export. Recent data indicates that the THO complex is necessary for the proper expression of some genes, assurance of genetic stability by preventing transcription-associated recombination. Yeast THO has been described as a heterotetramer (Tho2, Hpr1, Mft1 and Thp2) that performs several functions through the interaction with other proteins like Tex1 or the mRNA export factors Sub2 and Yra1, with which it forms the TRanscription and EXport complex (TREX). In this article we review the cellular role of THO, which we show to be composed of five subunits with Tex1 being also an integral part of the complex. We also show a low-resolution structure of THO and localize some of its components. We discuss the consequences of THO interaction with nucleic acids through the unfolded C-terminal region of Tho2, highlighting the importance of unfolded regions in eukaryotic proteins. Finally, we comment on THO recruitment to active chromatin, a role that is linked to mRNA biogenesis. ","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 4","pages":"134-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/bioa.21181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30894921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Who drives the ciliary highway? 谁在主干道上行驶?

Bioarchitecture Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.21101

Jarema Malicki

{"title":"Who drives the ciliary highway?","authors":"Jarema Malicki","doi":"10.4161/bioa.21101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/bioa.21101","url":null,"abstract":"Cilia are protrusions on the surface of cells. They are frequently motile and function to propel cells in an aqueous environment or to generate fluid flow. Equally important is the role of immotile cilia in detecting environmental changes or in sensing extracellular signals. The structure of cilia is supported by microtubules, and their formation requires microtubule-dependent motors, kinesins, which are thought to transport both structural and signaling ciliary proteins from the cell body into the distal portion of the ciliary shaft. In multicellular organisms, multiple kinesins are known to drive ciliary transport, and frequently cilia of a single cell type require more than one kinesin for their formation and function. In addition to kinesin-2 family motors, which function in cilia of all species investigated so far, kinesins from other families contribute to the transport of signaling proteins in a tissue-specific manner. It is becoming increasingly obvious that functional relationships between ciliary kinesins are complex, and a good understanding of these relationships is essential to comprehend the basis of biological processes as diverse as olfaction, vision, and embryonic development. ","PeriodicalId":89329,"journal":{"name":"Bioarchitecture","volume":"2 4","pages":"111-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/bioa.21101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30892264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11