Procedia in vaccinology最新文献

{"title":"Improvement Of The Immunity Of Piglets To PRRS Vaccine By A Porcine IL-4 And IL-6 Fusion Gene Encapsulated In Chitosan Nanoparticles","authors":"Hua-Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Wan ,&nbsp;Guang-Ming Bai ,&nbsp;Lin-Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Chi Chen ,&nbsp;Huang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue-Bing Lv ,&nbsp;Ze-Zhou Wang ,&nbsp;Jiang-Ling Li ,&nbsp;Rong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to develop an effective immune molecule to boost pig resistance against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), this study was conducted to explore the effect of a fusion gene encoding porcine interleukin-4(IL-4) and IL-6 (PIL4/IL6) on the immunity of piglets to PRRS vaccine. The recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the fusion PIL4/IL6 gene was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (CNP) prepared by the ionotropic gelation method, designated as VPIL4/IL6-CNP. Then 21-day old piglets were divided into four groups and intramuscularly injected respectively with 0.5<!--> <!-->mg VPIL4/IL6-CNP, VPIL4+VPIL6-CNP, VR1020-CNP and VR1020 along with the inactivated vaccine. The blood was weekly collected from piglets after vaccination to detect the changes of immunoglobulin, specific antibody, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and immune cells. Compared with those of control piglets, the amount of immunoglobulin and specific antibody to PRRSV increased significantly in the sera of piglets treated with VPIL4/IL6-CNP (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the levels of interleukins increased in the sera of the treated piglets (P&lt;0.05) and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes were also significantly elevated in the treated groups (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, the humoral and cellular immune responses in the VPIL4/IL6-CNP piglets were significantly stronger than those of the VPIL4+VPIL6-CNP group (P&lt;0.05). These results suggest that VPIL4/IL6-CNP is a novel promising imunoenhancer for PRRS vaccine to promote the humoral and cellular immunity of piglets, facilitating the development of safe and effective immune adjuvant to enhance the immunity of pig against infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral infections: occupational risk for pregnant health-care personnel?","authors":"Sabine Wicker","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Health-care personnel (HCP) are exposed to infectious diseases throughout the course of their work. The concerns of pregnant HCP are considerable because certain otherwise mild infections may affect fetal development. We studied 424 pregnant HCP at the University Hospital Frankfurt / Germany between March 2007 and July 2011. Serological tests were carried out for varicella zoster virus (VZV), measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and parvovirus B19. Our overall seroprevalence data with regard to VZV, MMR, CMV and parvovirus B 19 corresponded to the general population. It was striking that, only 57.1% of the study population was immune against the four vaccine-preventable diseases (MMR, VZV). Our study suggests that a comprehensive approach to improving the vaccination status of said HCP before pregnancy is paramount.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 156-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Leishmune®́s Nucleoside hydrolase DNA vaccine as an aid in immunotherapy of canine visceral leishmaniasis","authors":"Gulnara P. Borja-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Flavia B. Santos ,&nbsp;Dirlei Nico ,&nbsp;A.E. Gravino ,&nbsp;Laura Manna ,&nbsp;Marcos Palatnik ,&nbsp;Clarisa B. Palatnik-de-Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Nucleoside hydrolase of <em>Leishmania donovani</em> (NH36) is the main antigen of Leishmune®, the first licensed prophylactic vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Compared to untreated controls, mongrel dogs infected with 7 x 108 <em>Leishmania chagasi</em> amastigotes and treated with the NH36-DNA vaccine developed significant increases in the size and proportions of DTH reactions and NH36-specific CD4+ T cell proportions which recognized the C-terminal moiety of NH36. Increases in IgG2/IgG1 anti-NH36 antibody ratios and in CD8+ T cell counts were directed to the NH36 N-terminal. The immunotherapy treatment reduced the parasite load and loss of weight and increased dog survival time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 64-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Potency of Novel Polymeric Adjuvant in Eliciting of the Immune Response in Mice to Major Antigens of Chlamydia and Yersinia","authors":"V.A. Feodorov ,&nbsp;A.M. Lyapina ,&nbsp;O.V. Ulianova ,&nbsp;T.I. Polyanina ,&nbsp;Yu.Yu. Eliseev ,&nbsp;V.L. Motin","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyoxidonium (PO) has been recognized as an effective, safe immunomodulator with a marked immuno-stimulating activity suitable for the complex treatment of both acute and chronic infections in humans. The PO contains high-polymeric units of 100 kDa based on both N-oxide 1,4- ethylene piperazine and (N-carboxyethyl-) 1,4 ethylene piperazine bromide. Recently, PO has been licensed for human use in the new Russian trivalent polymeric subunit flu vaccine “Grippol.” This will open a possibility of using the PO for the development of vaccines against other infectious diseases. Here we studied the potency of the PO in eliciting the humoral immune response to specific antigens of <em>Chlamydia</em> spp. (C1 and C2) and <em>Yersinia pestis</em> (Pla, LcrV, and YopM) in comparison with the Freund's complete (FCA) and Titermax (TMC) adjuvants. The Balb/c mice were primed with a single intraperitoneal injection of the 10-20<!--> <!-->μg of antigen mixed 1:1 with either adjuvant and boosted 3 times with the same antigen alone. We found at least 8- to 16-fold and 4- to 8-fold increases in IgG titers to <em>Chlamydia</em> and <em>Yersinia</em> antigens, respectively, after injections of the antigens with the PO in relation to the use of the either FCA or TMC. The PO was found to be absolutely safe for animal health, since there were no visible adverse reactions at the inoculation site characteristic of those seen with the other adjuvants, in particular FCA. Thus, the PO could be the adjuvant of choice to elicit a strong immune response to the major antigens of <em>Chlamydia</em> and <em>Yersinia</em>, suggesting the possibility of its use in developing bi- and tri-valent subunit vaccines with enhanced immunity. The exact mechanism of priming the immune response by the PO is under investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of conjugated pneumococcal vaccines in Colombia","authors":"N.I. Manjarres-Posada,&nbsp;L.A. Choconta-Piraquive,&nbsp;F. De la Hoz-Restrepo","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2631 Colombian children &lt;2 yrs to evaluate pneumococcal vaccine effectiveness. Association between vaccination and disease was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Vaccinated children had a significant reduction in hospitalization risk for all outcomes (HR 0,59 CI 95% 0,42 - 0,85) and for pneumonia the reduction was slightly higher (HR 0,53 CI 95% 0,32 - 0,89). Our results show an important risk reduction in clinical syndromes potentially associated to pneumococcus in vaccinated children confirming the benefits of using conjugate vaccines in a medium income developing country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to Volume 00 of the Procedia in Vaccinology","authors":"Raymond E. Spier","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron-beam Irradiation Inactivation of Salmonella: Effects on Innate Immunity and Induction of Protection Against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Challenge of Chickens","authors":"M.H. Kogut ,&nbsp;J.L. McReynolds ,&nbsp;H. He ,&nbsp;K.J. Genovese ,&nbsp;P.R. Jesudhasan ,&nbsp;M.A. Davidson ,&nbsp;M.A. Cepeda ,&nbsp;S.D. Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our laboratories are investigating the use of High Energy (10 MeV) Electron-Beam (E-beam) irradiation for is potential use in vaccine development. Ionizing radiation inactivates microorganisms by “direct and indirect” effects on nucleic acids and other cellular components. Though the cells are inactivated, the surface antigenic properties of the microorganisms remain unaltered. We hypothesized that electron-beam (E-beam) inactivated <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovars could be used as a potential immune modulator to activate the innate immune response and thus reduce <em>Salmonella</em> intestinal colonization and shedding in neonatal chickens. Three replicate experiments were designed to evaluate the efficacy of a high energy E-beam irradiated <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium (ST) administered <em>in ovo</em> to: (a) induce a functional innate immune response and (b) reduce ST colonization in the ceca of chicks three-weeks post-hatch. We have previously shown that unmethylated CpG motifs of bacteria DNA oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) given <em>in ovo</em> stimulates innate immune responsiveness of chicken heterophils and increases resistance of young chickens to SE colonization; thus were used as positive controls in these experiments Eighteen-day-old chicken embryos were equally divided into four independent treatment groups: (1) a negative control (sham injected, no challenge) group, (2) an infected control (sham injected, challenged) group, (3) a CpG-ODN injected, challenged positive control, and (4) an E-beam ST-injected, challenged group. All treatment groups contained 100 birds, half of the animals from each treatment group were euthanized on day 4 post-hatch so that peripheral blood granulocytes (heterophils) could be collected to evaluate the functional innate immune response. The remaining birds where reared under normal housing conditions for the remainder of the experiment. On day 18 post-hatch the birds were challenged with the homologous ST strain and five days later (day 23 post-hatch), the experiment was terminated to evaluate the colonization of ST in the ceca of the birds. Differences in the leukocyte function and in the log10 cfu of ST counts among treatment groups were determined by analysis of variance. Significant differences were further separated using Duncan's multiple range tests. Here, heterophil function was measured using <em>in vitro</em> assays for (1) oxidative burst and (2) degranulation. Heterophils from the CpG-ODN and E-beam ST-treated birds exhibited a significant increase (P &lt; 0.05) in both the oxidative response and degranulation when compared to all other treatment groups with no differences in heterophil functions between the CpG-ODN and e-beam-treated groups. ST colonization of the ceca was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.05) in both the CpG-ODN and the E-beam ST-treated birds when compared to the non-vaccinated control birds. These results demonstrate that <em>in ovo</em> ad","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 47-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel T cell driven approach leads to the identification of immunoprevalent antigens","authors":"Valeria A. Judkowski ,&nbsp;Radleigh G. Santos ,&nbsp;Alcinette Bunying ,&nbsp;Marc A. Giulianotti ,&nbsp;Jon R. Appel ,&nbsp;Clemencia Pinilla","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prevention and treatment of infectious diseases is highly dependent on the availability of reliable diagnostic tests and protective or therapeutic vaccines. There also exists an urgent need to develop reliable biomarkers to monitor treatment success and to predict disease progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic disease in several infectious diseases. The elucidation of the disease-relevant antigens that elicit the protective immune responses is critical and required for the development of diagnostics and treatments. Here we present a novel “T cell driven approach” that permits the direct identification of pathogen epitopes and protein antigens capable of triggering specific T cell responses upon immunization in humans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical Evaluation of a Live Attenuated Chikungunya Vaccine","authors":"Jill A. Livengood ,&nbsp;Charalambos D. Partidos ,&nbsp;Kenneth Plante ,&nbsp;Rob Seymour ,&nbsp;Rodion Gorchakov ,&nbsp;Laszlo Varga ,&nbsp;Joanna Paykel ,&nbsp;James Weger ,&nbsp;Aurelia Haller ,&nbsp;Dan T. Stinchcomb ,&nbsp;Jorge Osorio ,&nbsp;Scott Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) re-emerged in Africa and spread in the Indian subcontinent, South East Asia and Italy causing millions of cases of debilitating arthritis and fever in endemic ppulations and in travellers highlighting its growing impact on public health. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines to protect against CHIKV available. We developed a novel live attenuated CHIKV vaccine by using a rational attenuation mechanism that also prevents the infection of mosquito vectors. The subgenomic promoter was inactivated using 13 synonymous mutations and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) from encephalomyocarditis virus was inserted into a cDNA CHIKV clone to drive translation of the structural protein genes. This new CHIKV vaccine strain was highly stable, safe, immunogenic and protective in mice. Current pre-clinical development efforts are aiming to test this vaccine in non-human primates and complete the Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling studies necessary to begin human clinical testing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International Workshop on Alternative Methods to Reduce, Refine, and Replace the Use of Animals in Vaccine Potency and Safety Testing: introduction and summary","authors":"William S Stokes ,&nbsp;Jodie Kulpa-Eddy ,&nbsp;Richard McFarland","doi":"10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vaccines contribute to improved animal and human health and welfare by preventing diseases and deaths from infectious diseases. However, testing necessary to ensure vaccine effectiveness and safety can involve large numbers of animals and significant pain and distress. NICEATM and ICCVAM recently convened an international workshop to review the state of the science of available alternative methods and approaches that can further reduce, refine, and replace the use of animals for human and veterinary vaccine potency and safety testing, and to identify research, development, and validation efforts necessary to further advance new and improved alternative methods. Workshop participants identified human and veterinary vaccines that should have the highest priority for future efforts. Prioritization criteria included testing that involves significant pain and distress, large numbers of animals, and pathogens that are dangerous to people and animals. Participants noted that in vitro antigen quantification assays have replaced animals for potency testing for some killed vaccines, and recommended that this approach be expanded to other vaccines. Recommendations to support more humane animal use included development and use of humane endpoints for all challenge tests, development of serologic assays to replace challenge tests, and development of in vitro toxin neutralization tests (TNT) to replace in vivo TNTs. Workshop participants recommended several approaches that might further reduce the number of animals required for specific potency tests. Participants also recommended priority vaccines for which alternative safety testing methods should be pursed and that would have the greatest impact on avoiding pain and distress and reducing animal numbers. Finally, workshop participants recommended enhanced international harmonization and cooperation efforts and closer collaborations between human and veterinary researchers to expedite progress. Implementation of the workshop recommendations is expected to advance new methods for vaccine testing that will reduce animal use, benefit animal welfare, and ensure continued and improved protection of human and animal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89221,"journal":{"name":"Procedia in vaccinology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54989148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}