Journal of forensic dental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Radiographic evaluation of remodeling of mandible in adult South Indian population: Implications in forensic science.","authors":"Veena Krishnan, L S Sreela, Philips Mathew, Twinkle S Prasad","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_95_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_95_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Panoramic X-ray is an imagiological examination produced by a technique that exhibits images of the facial structure present in the upper and lower dental arches, as well as the support structures in the diagnosis of problems that require a broad view of the oral-maxillofacial complex, such as the assessment of traumatisms, extensive lesions, dental development, tooth retention, and growth anomalies. Many morphological and anatomical changes are exhibited by the mandible with the advancement of age and changes in gender, as well as dentoalveolar condition of the patient, and it can be assessed with the help of such radiograph, thus playing an important role in personal identification in forensic dentistry.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the changes in gonial angle (GA), antegonial angle (AGA), and antegonial depth (AGD) in adult mandible with regard to age, gender, and dental status using panoramic radiographs.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This cross-sectional retrospective study was done using hospital records.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A total of 100 panoramic radiographs were evaluated. The images were grouped into three age groups (40-70) of 10 years each. GA, AGA, and AGD were digitally measured from the radiographs.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Descriptive statistics of the variables were expressed in percentage, frequencies, mean, and standard deviations. Statistical differences between the variables were explored using independent sample <i>t</i>-test and one-way ANOVA. The significant level was set as 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant changes in GA, AGA, and AGD with age and dental status of the patients. Males had significantly smaller GA and AGA than females. Understandably, AGD was significantly greater in males than females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remodeling changes of the mandible with respect to the age groups and dental status studied were minimal. However, gender-related differences in ante AGA, depth, and GA were significant, which can be used as a tool in forensic identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/b7/JFDS-11-137.PMC7398364.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38278528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age estimation and comparison by dental and skeletal maturity in the age range of 9-18 years in the Mumbai region.","authors":"Hemlata Pandey, Vandana Tripathi, Harish Pathak, Sumit K Choudhary, Manoj B Parchake","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_90_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_90_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Age estimation is crucial in the identification of juveniles in conflicts with law, survivor of sexual assault, sportsperson, and civil cases.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To estimate and compare the age (9-18 years) by dental and skeletal maturity in the Mumbai region.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 70 cases from 9 to 18 years of age were studied in 1 year in the urban population of the Mumbai region. Among 70 cases, 45 were males and 25 were females. Orthopantomogram and elbow joint radiographs were taken to assess the dental age through modified Demirjian's method and the radiological age through Sangma <i>et al</i>. staging method, respectively.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics Version 26; descriptive statistics and regression statistics were used in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dental age by Demirjian's method in males with standard deviation was 15.25 (2.17), with a mean difference of 1.08 and significant <i>P</i> = 0.03. However, in females, dental age by Demirjian's method with standard deviation was 14.30 (1.94) with a mean difference of 0.74 and insignificant <i>P</i> = 0.07. Interclass correlation coefficient of dental age with chronological age, in males and females, showed 0.85 and 0.87 correlation, respectively. Correlation between the skeletal maturity and the dental age was reflected by the association of Demirjian stage 9 in the second molar with radiological stage 5 in males and stage 4 in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was concluded that Demirjian's method shows a significant correlation and <i>P</i> value for the age estimation in males of the Mumbai region.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"142-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/06/JFDS-11-142.PMC7398368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38278529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic odontology: The prosthetic ID.","authors":"Poonam Prakash,&nbsp;Maj Kirandeep Singh,&nbsp;S K Bhandari","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_91_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_91_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"forensic science\" involves forensic (or <i>forensis</i>, in Latin), which means a public discussion or debate. In a more modern context, however, forensic applies to courts or the judicial system. Combine that with science, and forensic science means applying scientific methods and processes to solving crimes. People can be identified by their fingerprints, foot creases, and from traces of their DNA from blood, skin, hair, saliva, and semen by DNA analysis. However, in situations where these records are unavailable or unusable due to the nature of the disaster, the dental records and aids prove to be useful for victim identification. This article aims at highlighting the importance of the dental records and the forensic odontology in the accurate and efficient identification of the conflict victims or deceased to serve as an important adjunct to the forensic medicine in a simplified manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/b4/JFDS-11-113.PMC7398365.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38269839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial psychophysiology in forensic investigation: A novel idea for deception detection.","authors":"Selwin Gabriel Samuel,&nbsp;Tanushree Chatterjee,&nbsp;Himadri Thapliyal,&nbsp;Priyanka Kacker","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_49_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_49_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polygraph or lie detection test has been used since early 90s as an effective method in forensic investigations. However, polygraph does not have a stand-alone value in legal forums. Any novel scientific addition can strengthen the credibility of the polygraph.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to determine whether the deception could be detected with the help of polygraph where electromyography (EMG) readings of the masseter muscle, along with electrocardiography and galvanic skin response, were considered.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 14 participants in a well-established research setup. Card Test and Affirmative Test were performed on participants and the readings were critically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both the tests performed, the deceptions were easily detected once and rarely detected twice. In some cases, the deceptions were undetected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result indicated with minimal credence that EMG helps in detecting deception. The accuracy of detection however can be confirmed only after an extensive research.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"90-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f7/a7/JFDS-11-90.PMC7006300.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olze <i>et al.</i> stages of radiographic visibility of root pulp and cameriere's third molar maturity index to estimate legal adult age in Hyderabad population.","authors":"G Kiran Kumar,&nbsp;D R Shravan Kumar,&nbsp;Ganesh Kulkarni,&nbsp;Sudheer B Balla,&nbsp;N D V N Shyam,&nbsp;Yashovardhan Naishadham","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_40_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_40_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Predicting one's attainment of age of majority is a controversial issue and considered as important aspect in medicolegal cases. In India, individuals older than 18 years of age have full capacity regarding civil conduct and are tried as adults for criminal charges.</p><p><strong>Aims and objective: </strong>To compare the accuracy of Olze <i>et al.</i>, stages of radiographic visibility of root pulp, and Cameriere's third molar maturity index (<i>I</i> _3M < 0.08) to estimate the age of majority.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 615 digital orthopantomographs of children aged between 15 and 22 years. The lower left third molars were evaluated using ImageJ computer software. The effectiveness of both methods was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), and LR negative (LR-).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For <i>I</i> _3M < 0.08, the sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR- were 0.76, 0.72, 2.79, 0.32 and 0.67, 0.76, 2.83, 0.43 in males and females respectively. For Stage 0, the sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR- were 0.68, 0.86, 5.18, 0.36 and 0.72, 0.91, 8.63, 0.31, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stage 0 of Olze's radiographic root pulp visibility showed to be more accurate than cutoff value of <i>I</i> _3M< 0.08 in discriminating adults and minors of Hyderabad sample when a test of high sensitivity and specificity is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"84-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/8b/JFDS-11-84.PMC7006308.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tori in a Malaysian population: Morphological and ethnic variations.","authors":"Lahari A Telang,&nbsp;Ajay Telang,&nbsp;Jayashri Nerali,&nbsp;Philip Pradeep","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_66_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_66_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Tori are nonneoplastic self-limiting, bony exostosis that are commonly called torus palatinus (TP) when seen on the hard palate and termed torus mandibularis (TM) when seen on the lingual surface of the mandible. These lesions have long been known to anthropologists and have mostly been identified incidentally during routine dental examinations. The prevalence of tori varies in different populations from 0.0% to 66% for TP and between 0.1% and 63.4% for TM. The exact etiology is still unclear, but the most accepted theory today is 30% attributed to genetics and 70% to environmental factors. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tori and study their morphology among various ethnic groups of a Malaysian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A ross-sectional study was conducted involving the screening of patients that reported to the oral medicine clinics over a 2-year period. Age, gender, ethnicity, morphological variations in shape and size, number, and location of tori were recorded in all positive cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen percent of individuals (<i>n</i> = 624) among the total 4443 who were screened were found to have either palatine tori, mandibular tori, or both. The prevalence of PT and MT was 10.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Tori were found in people in the age range of 5-85 years, with the maximum in the age range of 20-29 years (24.7%). The male-to-female ratio for PT and MT was 1:1.4 and 1:0.68, respectively. The morphologic shapes of palatine tori that were observed were flat (10%), spindle (10%), linear (15%), and nodular (59%) with up to six lobules. Mandibular tori were located either unilaterally or bilaterally; they were nodular in shape (89%) and/or band like (15%), with the band-like shape being described for the first time. Size variations ranging from 0.5 to 5 cm were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The relatively high prevalence of tori among major ethnic groups of this region supports the probable hypothesis of the role of environmental factors. A wide variation in the morphology was also noted, along with a new morphologic variant of band-like TM, which may be due to the influence of diet or an unknown environmental factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/2e/JFDS-11-107.PMC7006306.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental age estimation methods in adult dentitions: An overview.","authors":"Meenal Verma,&nbsp;Nikhil Verma,&nbsp;Rakhee Sharma,&nbsp;Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_64_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_64_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age estimation is one of the essential factors in human identification. Teeth bestowed with features such as hardness and resilience to external factors such as chemicals, putrefaction, and fire explosions serve as a durable source in age estimation. Concurrently, they present with peculiar and comparable features of age-associated regressive changes along with dental procedures, which make them a mirror reflection of age changes from cradle to the grave of an individual. Age estimation in adults poses an enigma to the forensic dentists because as the age advances, the dentitions get influenced by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors which may lead to discrepancies between dental age and chronologic age. Since 1950, many authors have presented various methods for assessing age of individuals above 18 years. Here is an overview of the different methods with their application and limitations along with a mention of newer methods developed and tested with the formulation of population-specific formulas by Indian authors. The data have been sourced from different journal articles retrieved through Google Scholar and PubMed Central and articles received as study materials during the fellowship program in forensic odontology using keywords such as age estimation, adult dentitions, dentin translucency, and cementum annulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/da/41/JFDS-11-57.PMC7006305.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of the forensic odontology department: A proposed model for the basic infrastructure and forensic odontology kit.","authors":"Jayasankar Purushothaman Pillai,&nbsp;Thamarai Selvan Chokkalingam,&nbsp;Balamurugan Aasaithambi,&nbsp;Emilio Nuzzolese","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_53_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_53_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance and the application of dental science and forensic odontology in the legal system are gradually increasing in India. In a long-term vision, there is a need for a specialized forensic training curriculum not only for the undergraduate and postgraduate dental students but also for the experienced dental surgeons. Dental experts opinion is sought most commonly in forensic casework of human identification, age estimation, and sexual assault cases with patterned injury, by the legal and forensic authorities. As a consequence, there is a demand for dentists trained in forensic and legal dentistry and experienced in forensic, capable of dealing and managing medicolegal cases in dental institutes or state hospitals. Several guidelines and protocols for forensic odontology procedures are drafted and proposed by forensic odontology organizations. However, there are no specific guidelines or recommendations for the establishment of a specialized forensic odontology department or unit in dental institutes. Hence, this article addresses the necessity and requirements for a forensic odontology unit, proposing a model to follow. A comprehensive list of forensic odontology armamentarium and case dependent forensic odontology kits is also highlighted here.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/19/JFDS-11-64.PMC7006303.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian's dental anthropometry: Human identification.","authors":"Diana Maria Souza E Couto,&nbsp;Nívia Cristina Duran Gallassi,&nbsp;Stefany de Lima Gomes,&nbsp;Viviane Ulbricht,&nbsp;João Sarmento Pereira Neto,&nbsp;Eduardo Daruge Junior,&nbsp;Luiz Francesquini Junior","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_65_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfo.jfds_65_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human stature and sex determination are significant data that can and should be used in criminal profiling in the human identification processes. Teeth are widely used in investigations because of their properties of resistance and uniqueness.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The present study aimed to verify, by means of dental anthropometry, the correlation of these with the stature and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Measurements of linear (mid distal and incisor cervical) dental measurements were performed on the upper right teeth of Brazilians, aged between 18 and 30 years, being 100 male and 100 female participants. Linear dental measurements were measured with a digital caliper and stature was measured with a stadiometer. For the statistical analysis, the IBM^® SPSS^® 25 Statistics program was used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson correlation, and Stepwise-Forward (Wald) logistic regression analyses were applied to sex determination and stature estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that all measures performed are dimorphic, but that lateral incisor and canine tooth measurements are statistically significant with a <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001. The obtained model allows for sexing with 70.5% accuracy, being able to be used in anthropological studies in Brazilians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that dental measurements are useful tools to identify gender and the canine measurements also showed a strong and proportional correlation with stature, but it was not possible to establish a mathematical model for this.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/ce/JFDS-11-73.PMC7006302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of Cameriere European formula for age estimation of 10-15 years legal threshold in South Indian population.","authors":"Ashalata Gannepalli, Sudheer B Balla, Venkat Baghirath Pacha, D B Gandhi Babu, B Hari Vinay, Shilpa Perkari","doi":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_72_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jfo.jfds_72_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between chronological age (CA) and the measurement of the open apices in teeth and also assess the accuracy of Cameriere methods on dental age (DA) estimation in the South Indian population.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A sample of 200 orthopantomographs of children aged between 10 and 15 years were collected. The seven left permanent mandibular teeth were evaluated with Cameriere method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regression analysis was carried out which derived the following linear regression formula: Age = 14.117 - 0.01 g - 1.732W3 + 0.016N₀ - 0.289 × 5 - 0.099.s. N_0. The equation explained 88.3% (<i>R</i> ² = 0.883) of the total deviance. The accuracy of the European formula and South Indian formula was determined by the difference between the estimated DA and CA. Cameriere formula produced 32% and 18% of absolute residuals falls within the range of ± 1 and ± 0.5 years, whereas the new regression formula produced 72% and 35% within range of ± 1 and ± 0.5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This further highlight the importance of population-specific formula keeping in mind about variation in dental maturation across different regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":89172,"journal":{"name":"Journal of forensic dental sciences","volume":"11 2","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/ed/JFDS-11-78.PMC7006307.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37664254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}