Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research最新文献_第9页

The Laser Safety Officer – Current and future regulations in Germany 激光安全官员-德国当前和未来的法规

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.003

Hans-Dieter Reidenbach

{"title":"The Laser Safety Officer – Current and future regulations in Germany","authors":"Hans-Dieter Reidenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the main objects of the international standard IEC 60825-1 is to protect persons from laser radiation. In addition to engineering measures, the appointment of a Laser Safety Officer (LSO) is certainly one of the most important administrative measures as far as the safe use of lasers is concerned. It should be the Laser Safety Officer's duties to review several protective measures and designate the appropriate controls to be implemented.</p><p>Due to the associated increased risk, the LSO is recommended for operation of laser class 3B and 4 in most national regulations. In Germany the accident insurance regulations take precedence over recommendations in a technical standard, and the duties of an LSO have been mandatorily fixed for many years.</p><p>In principle the appointment of an LSO and his/her respective duties and responsibilities are a matter for national regulations and might therefore differ from country to country, being in some cases either more or less. Therefore, the Artificial Optical Radiation Directive 2006/25/EC will alter the current situation in the near future due to the fact that this directive has to be transposed into the national regulations of all 27 member states of the European Union. It will take into account the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers. Since the LSO is not even mentioned in the directive, the laser community has been worried that the approved functions of an LSO might be lost.</p><p>This fear seems to have been groundless especially in Germany, since the current draft of an ordinance on optical radiation at the workplace specifies the need for an LSO. The area of responsibility shall include, in addition to laser class 3B and 4, all other optical radiation sources with comparable hazard potential but because the respective duties are not yet clearly defined, there are somewhat conflicting opinions.</p><p>In the discussion, it is mainly the required degree of competence or expertise and the modalities of qualification and certification that are the points of concern. This is especially noteworthy because of the long-standing accident prevention regulations and evidently different views between the accident insurance and the Federal Ministry. In addition to the description of the various strategies, the pros and cons are critically described and challenged in order to preserve the existing high level of safety which is connected with the appointment of an LSO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88584,"journal":{"name":"Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54920648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ultrashort laser pulse retinal damage mechanisms and their impact on thresholds 超短激光脉冲视网膜损伤机制及其对阈值的影响

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.002

Benjamin A. Rockwell , Robert J. Thomas , Alfred Vogel

{"title":"Ultrashort laser pulse retinal damage mechanisms and their impact on thresholds","authors":"Benjamin A. Rockwell , Robert J. Thomas , Alfred Vogel","doi":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultrashort laser pulses have been adapted for use in a variety of applications from micromachining of dielectrics to atmospheric spectrochemistry and multiphoton microscopy. These lasers emit almost exclusively in the retinal hazard wavelength regime, making them potential sources for accidental vision loss, but also candidates for biomedical applications where precise alteration of tissues is an objective. The present article reviews the mechanisms for damaging the retina at the threshold for the lowest energy, where any change in tissue is barely perceptible. For laser pulses between several picoseconds and 10μs, the threshold retinal damage is caused by microbubble formation around melanosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Below 1ns, both stress confinement in melanosomes and self-focusing reduce the threshold for damage as measured in corneal radiant exposure, although the mechanism for damage is the same. Below several picoseconds, laser-induced breakdown produces intra-retinal damage, sparing the RPE at threshold levels. These mechanisms have been determined in the past decade and provide an understanding of trends in retinal damage with variation in laser parameters, but also elucidate potential techniques for producing precise alteration to tissues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88584,"journal":{"name":"Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 84-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54920698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.001

Wolfgang Woellmer

引用次数: 0

Congresses 2010 代表大会2010

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.02.005

引用次数: 0

Overview of the Board of Laser Safety's professional certification programs for Laser Safety Officers 激光安全委员会对激光安全官员的专业认证计划的概述

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.002

Ben Edwards , Barbara Sams

{"title":"Overview of the Board of Laser Safety's professional certification programs for Laser Safety Officers","authors":"Ben Edwards , Barbara Sams","doi":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser technology has evolved as an important tool for many applications, including a variety of medical uses. The study of laser safety has similarly grown and evolved. For many advanced laser operations, ensuring the safety of people in the area of the laser requires an advanced knowledge of the arcane principles involved. The complexity of the hazards associated with many laser systems, and the unique skill set needed to effectively evaluate and implement control measures for those hazards, have created the need for organizations to clearly identify those individuals with the proficiency necessary to manage such advanced laser safety issues. To meet this need, the Board of Laser Safety (BLS) was established as a nonprofit organization affiliated with the Laser Institute of America to develop and sustain a program for safety professionals to establish and maintain recognizable competence and expertise in the area of laser safety. The BLS developed a Certified Laser Safety Officer (CLSO) program, by which individuals who have demonstrated comprehensive knowledge in the area of laser safety may designate themselves a CLSO. Shortly thereafter, the BLS created the Certified Medical Laser Safety Officer (CMLSO) program, to recognize individuals with the knowledge and expertise necessary to evaluate and control laser hazards under the special conditions that exist in the medical arena. This paper provides an introduction to the CLSO and CMLSO programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88584,"journal":{"name":"Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54920630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The risk of retinal injury from Class 2 and visible Class 3R lasers, including medical laser aiming beams 2级和可见3R级激光(包括医用激光瞄准光束)造成视网膜损伤的风险

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.005

Karl Schulmeister, Mathieu Jean

{"title":"The risk of retinal injury from Class 2 and visible Class 3R lasers, including medical laser aiming beams","authors":"Karl Schulmeister, Mathieu Jean","doi":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental retinal injury threshold data from the literature and computer model data were used to quantitatively characterize the risk of retinal thermal injury for visible laser radiation that exceeds the exposure limit defined by IEC 60825-1 and the European Directive on Artificial Optical Radiation (AOR). This discussion is of particular relevance for medical laser aiming beams with powers of up to 5mW. Exposure to 1mW (Class 2 emissions) does not appear to be able to cause retinal injury for exposure durations of up to about 5s. Even though there is uncertainty in the experimental threshold data for collimated beams, experience with laser pointers up to 5mW shows that there is little risk from accidental momentary exposure to these Class 3R lasers. However, injury threshold data indicate that exposure to some pulsed emission Class 3R lasers as well as extended-source Class 3R lasers with powers above 5mW could induce retinal injury. Recommendations for amendment of the standards IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60601-2-22 are given that should facilitate an agreement of the involved stakeholders on the necessary user safety precautions of Class 3R laser products and medical aiming beams.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88584,"journal":{"name":"Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mla.2010.01.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54920669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Thermal lasers in urology 泌尿外科的热激光

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2009.10.001

Malte Rieken, Alexander Bachmann

引用次数: 5

Nd:YAG laser posterior synechiolysis expands the spectrum of Nd:YAG laser – A case report Nd:YAG激光后关节溶解扩大了Nd:YAG激光的光谱- 1例报告

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.007

Syed K. Gibran, Kapil G. Kapoor

引用次数: 1

((Subeditorial)) The role of the CO2 laser in surgery CO2激光在外科手术中的作用

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.001

引用次数: 0

Update of endovenous laser therapy and the latest application studies 静脉内激光治疗进展及最新应用研究

Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.004

Claus-Georg Schmedt , Radka Blagova , Narges Karimi-Poor , Christine Burgmeier , Stefanie Steckmeier , Tobias Beck , Volkmar Hecht , Richard Meier , Mojtaba Sadeghi-Azandaryani , Bernd Steckmeier , Ronald Sroka

{"title":"Update of endovenous laser therapy and the latest application studies","authors":"Claus-Georg Schmedt , Radka Blagova , Narges Karimi-Poor , Christine Burgmeier , Stefanie Steckmeier , Tobias Beck , Volkmar Hecht , Richard Meier , Mojtaba Sadeghi-Azandaryani , Bernd Steckmeier , Ronald Sroka","doi":"10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endovenous laser therapy (ELT) has been applied in clinical practice as a therapy for truncal vein incompetence for about 10 years. One characteristic of ELT is the broad spectrum of different treatment protocols using a variety of laser systems and different forms of endovenous application. The principles behind the way ELT is carried out and the clinical results are described in detail in the following article.</p><p>Despite good clinical results with effective, relatively pain-free occlusion of incompetent truncal veins, undesired side effects have been observed such as ecchymosis, phlebitis and recanalization. These can mainly be traced to thermal lesions in the vein wall concentrated in certain spots with transmural ablations of the tissue and perforations. In recent years systematic experimental investigations and the analysis of clinical results have increased understanding of the connection between endovenous laser application and clinical results. This has led to a continuous development and optimization of ELT. Particularly the use of longer wavelengths and radially irradiating optical fibers, together with endovenous laser irradiation with continuous pull-back of the optical fiber seem to have had a positive influence on the side effects. As a result ELT treatment is coming closer to the goal of standardizing an effective method for the treatment of varicose veins. Further controlled studies are required to compare optimized ELT treatment protocols with not only other endothermal modes of treatment but also with conventional open surgery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":88584,"journal":{"name":"Medical laser application : international journal for laser treatment and research","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mla.2009.11.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54920552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6