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HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited settings 在资源有限的环境中与hiv相关的隐球菌脑膜炎
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.46
A. Chirianni, V. Esposito
{"title":"HIV-related cryptococcal meningitis in resource-limited settings","authors":"A. Chirianni, V. Esposito","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.46","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcal infection remains a significant problem in patients with AIDS in resource-limited settings. Even with the availability of HAART, the 6-month rate of survival after cryptococcal meningitis (CM) reported by several epidemiological studies is very low. The worldwide number of infections and deaths due to CM appears similar to those for diseases that have received greater public health attention. In sub-Saharan Africa, deaths due to CM may be more frequent than TB. However, in many developing countries the capacity to perform the complicated management of severe CM is limited and CM mortality may remain a problem in Africa, and also in areas where antiretroviral therapy is available, as late presentation with advanced disease is common and consequently IRIS is becoming an emerging problem. A focused effort to improve diagnostic capacity, expand treatment options, and identify effective measures for the prevention of cryptococcal disease is urgently required.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"567-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90719447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The impact of baseline characteristics on virologic response to etravirine: 48-week pooled analysis of DUET-1 and DUET-2 基线特征对依曲维林病毒学反应的影响:对DUET-1和DUET-2的48周汇总分析
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.41
P. Cahn, R. Haubrich, C. Katlama, F. Goebel, F. Suter, M. Peeters, J. Vingerhoets, R. Sinha, J. Witek
{"title":"The impact of baseline characteristics on virologic response to etravirine: 48-week pooled analysis of DUET-1 and DUET-2","authors":"P. Cahn, R. Haubrich, C. Katlama, F. Goebel, F. Suter, M. Peeters, J. Vingerhoets, R. Sinha, J. Witek","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.41","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The impact of baseline characteristics on response to the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor etravirine was investigated at 48 weeks in the Phase III DUET trials. Methods: Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of baseline demographics, disease characteristics and characteristics of antiretroviral therapy on virologic response (viral load <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml) to etravirine in pre-specified pooled subgroup analyses. Results: Several nondemographic characteristics were significant predictors of response in univariate analyses. Baseline viral load, adherence to study medication and use of enfuvirtide were predictive of response in the multivariate analysis. Patients treated with etravirine consistently achieved higher response rates than placebo-treated patients. Conclusions: The clinical benefits of etravirine in the DUET trials were observed irrespective of baseline characteristics.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"150 1","pages":"605-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77434863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Politics and policy in HIV/AIDS: the road ahead for South Africa 艾滋病毒/艾滋病的政治和政策:南非的前进道路
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.34
H. Coovadia
{"title":"Politics and policy in HIV/AIDS: the road ahead for South Africa","authors":"H. Coovadia","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.34","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Hoosen Coovadia is currently working on maternal, newborn and child health, in metropolitan Durban at MatCH. He is personally and professionally committed to justice, democracy, development and freedom, during and after apartheid. He was chairperson of the Mandela government’s first Commission on Maternal and Child Health to design appropriate policies for South Africa. He has headed the largest International AIDS Conferences to be brought to South Africa and published more than 320 papers on maternal and child health in national and international journals. He publicly and consistently opposed former South African President Thabo Mbeki’s administration on their controversial AIDS policies, which denied HIV/AIDS patients antiretroviral treatment.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"144 1","pages":"527-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86018722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Noninfectious HIV-related comorbidities and HAART toxicities: choosing alternative antiretroviral strategies 非传染性hiv相关合并症和HAART毒性:选择替代性抗逆转录病毒策略
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.44
L. Gazzola, C. Tincati, A. Monforte
{"title":"Noninfectious HIV-related comorbidities and HAART toxicities: choosing alternative antiretroviral strategies","authors":"L. Gazzola, C. Tincati, A. Monforte","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.44","url":null,"abstract":"In the HAART era, clinicians are faced with the challenge of treating an aging HIV-infected population increasingly affected by severe comorbidities, which may compromise the tolerability of antiretroviral regimens. In this special population, it is imperative for physicians to carefully tailor antiretroviral treatment in order not to worsen patients’ underlying clinical conditions and to achieve both tolerability and immune–virologic efficacy. This article aims to explore the impact of standard HAART regimens on the different noninfectious HIV-related comorbidities: metabolic, cardiovascular, bone and renal diseases, in order to provide tools to fit the most appropriate antiretroviral combination according to individual clinical conditions. Clinical experience with alternative antiretroviral strategies, avoiding nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor toxicities and involving new antiretroviral classes, will be reviewed to obtain an overview on future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"24 1","pages":"553-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74282311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-positive patients: a relatively new and not fully understood phenomenon 艾滋病毒阳性患者的免疫重建炎症综合征:一个相对较新的和尚未完全了解的现象
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.45
G. Arendt, T. Nolting
{"title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-positive patients: a relatively new and not fully understood phenomenon","authors":"G. Arendt, T. Nolting","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.45","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-positive patients as a phenomenon detected in recent years as a consequence of HAART initiation in patients with a severely compromised immune system and rapid improvement under HAART. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic options are discussed.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"124 1","pages":"577-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79502371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
HIV treatment in the criminal justice system 刑事司法系统中的艾滋病毒治疗
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.43
M. Milloy, E. Wood
{"title":"HIV treatment in the criminal justice system","authors":"M. Milloy, E. Wood","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.43","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of HAART has resulted in a dramatic decline in HIV-related morbidity and mortality among those accessing HIV treatment [1]. Fortunately, efforts to simplify regimens and scale up treatment systems have led to individuals being engaged in treatment in numbers and locales that were unimaginable just 10 years ago. Still, some seropositive populations have not benefited equally from advancements in HIV treatment. Studies of HIV-seropositive individuals who use injection drugs (IDU) on HAART confirm that adherent individuals can derive similar benefits as adherent individuals from other risk groups [2]. Nevertheless, coverage of HAART among IDU remains low, not only in areas such as the Russian Federation and other countries of the former Soviet Union and China, where a substantial and increasing proportion of new infections are linked to injection drug use, but also in settings with advanced healthcare systems [3]. Once on HAART, HIVseropositive IDU often achieve lower levels of adherence and are more likely to prematurely discontinue therapy [4,5]. As a result of the individual and, likely, community [6] benefits of attracting and maintaining IDU on HAART, there is an urgent need to identify and remove barriers to access and adherence to HAART among IDU [7].","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"3 1","pages":"519-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86336240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical use of raltegravir: a review 雷替重力韦的临床应用综述
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-10-25 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.38
E. Nunes, Marília Santini de Oliveira, B. Grinsztejn
{"title":"Clinical use of raltegravir: a review","authors":"E. Nunes, Marília Santini de Oliveira, B. Grinsztejn","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.38","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 5 years there have been important achievements in the field of HIV therapy with the availability of new classes of antiretrovirals together with a new generation of old classes. Among them, the development of raltegravir, the first commercially available component of integrase inhibitors, brought an extraordinary improvement in salvage therapy for HIV-infected patients, allowing for virologic suppression even in multi-experienced subjects, who until recently had limited treatment options. It was subsequently approved for initial treatment combined with a nucleoside/nucleotide backbone, and also became an interesting option for naive HIV-infected populations. Its unique characteristics, the limited potential for significant pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs and excellent safety profile have increased interest in its use in different settings.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"51 1","pages":"531-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81077791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
HIV treatment in US prisons. 美国监狱的艾滋病治疗。
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-09-03 DOI: 10.2217/hiv.10.35
Sarah E Wakeman, Josiah D Rich
{"title":"HIV treatment in US prisons.","authors":"Sarah E Wakeman,&nbsp;Josiah D Rich","doi":"10.2217/hiv.10.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/hiv.10.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arguably one of the most marginalized populations in our society, prisoners bear a disproportionate burden of infectious diseases, particularly HIV. In addition, groups known to be at an inordinately higher risk of HIV, including minorities, the addicted, the mentally ill and the impoverished are overrepresented among incarcerated populations. This concentration of HIV among groups that have been historically difficult to reach, with limited intersections with healthcare, provides an opportunity for testing, diagnosis, treatment, linkage to care and prevention. Providing HIV care within correctional facilities poses unique challenges. Barriers to confidentiality, access to medication and prior records, and lack of comprehensive discharge planning can serve as obstacles to providing optimal care. This article discusses the public health implications and importance of providing HIV care to prisoners, and also discusses the practicalities of working within an environment that poses particular barriers to care.</p>","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"4 4","pages":"505-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/hiv.10.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29357784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Recent developments in HIV-related kidney disease. hiv相关肾脏疾病的最新进展。
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.2217/hiv.10.42
Michelle M Estrella, Derek M Fine, Mohamed G Atta
{"title":"Recent developments in HIV-related kidney disease.","authors":"Michelle M Estrella,&nbsp;Derek M Fine,&nbsp;Mohamed G Atta","doi":"10.2217/hiv.10.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/hiv.10.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although kidney disease has been a recognized complication of HIV infection since the beginning of the HIV epidemic, its epidemiology, underlying causes and treatment have evolved in developed countries where HAART has been widely available. HIV-associated nephropathy and HIV immune complex-mediated kidney disease were the prominent renal diagnoses in the earlier period of the HIV epidemic. While HIV immune complex-mediated kidney disease remains a common finding among HIV-infected individuals with kidney disease, the incidence of HIV-associated nephropathy has been diminishing in developed countries. The role of the metabolic effects of long-term HAART exposure and nephrotoxicity of certain antiretroviral medications on the development and progression of chronic kidney disease is now of increasing concern. The long-term clinical implications of acute kidney injury among HIV-infected persons are increasingly recognized. Kidney disease in HIV-infected persons continues to be a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in this patient population; therefore, early recognition and treatment of kidney disease are imperative in lessening the impact of kidney disease on the health of HIV-infected individuals. This review focuses on recent developments and ongoing challenges in the understanding, diagnosis and management of HIV-related kidney disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"4 5","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/hiv.10.42","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29679823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Origin of HIV/AIDS and risk for ongoing zoonotic transmissions from nonhuman primates to humans 艾滋病毒/艾滋病的起源和非人类灵长类动物向人类持续传播的人畜共患疾病的风险
HIV therapy Pub Date : 2010-07-07 DOI: 10.2217/HIV.10.33
M. Peeters, S. A. Mundeke, E. M. Ngole, E. Delaporte
{"title":"Origin of HIV/AIDS and risk for ongoing zoonotic transmissions from nonhuman primates to humans","authors":"M. Peeters, S. A. Mundeke, E. M. Ngole, E. Delaporte","doi":"10.2217/HIV.10.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/HIV.10.33","url":null,"abstract":"Origin & history of the HIV/ AIDS epidemic HIV/AIDS ranks as one of the most important infectious diseases to have emerged in the past century and continues to be one of the most serious public health threats of the 21st cen‐ tury. AIDS was first recognized in the early 1980s and today, approximately 30 years later, more than 33 million people worldwide are infected with HIV and more than 25 million people have died from the disease. Similar to the majority of emerging infectious diseases, HIV/ AIDS is also of zoonotic origin and occurred when an established SIV switched from pri‐ mates into humans [1–3]. The closest simian relatives of HIV‐1 are SIVcpz in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and SIVgor in goril‐ las (Gorilla gorilla) from West Central Africa [4,5]. SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) from West Africa are the closest relatives of HIV‐2 [6,7]. Although the exact conditions and circumstances of cross‐species transmis‐ sion of SIVs from primates to humans remain unknown, human exposure to blood or other secretions of infected primates, through hunting and butchering of primate bushmeat, represents the most plausible source for human infection. In addition, bites and other injuries caused by primates kept as pet animals can favor a possible viral transmission.","PeriodicalId":88510,"journal":{"name":"HIV therapy","volume":"38 1","pages":"387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81619409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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