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Seeing what you hear: Visual feedback improves pitch recognition 看到你听到的:视觉反馈提高音调识别
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903316136
M. Eldridge, E. Saltzman, A. Lahav
{"title":"Seeing what you hear: Visual feedback improves pitch recognition","authors":"M. Eldridge, E. Saltzman, A. Lahav","doi":"10.1080/09541440903316136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903316136","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the effect of visual feedback on the ability to recognise and consolidate pitch information. We trained two groups of nonmusicians to play a piano piece by ear, having one group receiving uninterrupted audiovisual feedback, while allowing the other only to hear, but not see their hand on the keyboard. Results indicate that subjects for whom visual information was deprived showed significantly poorer ability to recognise pitches from the musical piece they had learned. These results are interesting since pitch recognition ability would not intuitively seem to rely on visual feedback. In addition, we show that subjects with previous experience in computer touch-typing made fewer errors during training when trained with no visual feedback, but did not show improved pitch recognition ability posttraining. Our results demonstrate how sensory redundancy increases robustness of learning, and further encourage the use of audiovisual training procedures for facilitating the learning of new skills.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"54 1","pages":"1078 - 1091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91046238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Complexity of categorical syllogisms: An integration of two metrics 直言三段论的复杂性:两个度量的整合
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902830509
T. Zielinski, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, G. Halford
{"title":"Complexity of categorical syllogisms: An integration of two metrics","authors":"T. Zielinski, Geoffrey P. Goodwin, G. Halford","doi":"10.1080/09541440902830509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902830509","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of categorical syllogisms was assessed using the relational complexity metric, which is based on the number of entities that are related in a single cognitive representation. This was compared with number of mental models in an experiment in which adult participants solved all 64 syllogisms. Both metrics accounted for similarly large proportions of the variance, showing that complexity depends on the number of categories that are related in a representation of the combined premises, whether represented in multiple mental models, or by a single model. This obviates the difficulty with mental models theory due to equivocal evidence for construction of more than one mental model. The “no valid conclusion” response was used for complex syllogisms that had valid conclusions. The results are interpreted as showing that the relational complexity metric can be applied to syllogistic reasoning, and can be integrated with mental models theory, which together account for a wide range of cognitive performances.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"391 - 421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88668966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Grammatical gender processing in romance languages: Evidence from bare noun production in Italian and Spanish 罗曼语中的语法性别处理:来自意大利语和西班牙语中裸名词产生的证据
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902916803
D. Paolieri, L. Lotto, Luis Morales, T. Bajo, R. Cubelli, R. Job
{"title":"Grammatical gender processing in romance languages: Evidence from bare noun production in Italian and Spanish","authors":"D. Paolieri, L. Lotto, Luis Morales, T. Bajo, R. Cubelli, R. Job","doi":"10.1080/09541440902916803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902916803","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of grammatical gender in bare noun production is a controversial topic. In two experiments with the picture–word interference paradigm we confirmed a reliable effect of grammatical gender congruency in bare noun production in Italian and we replicated this effect in Spanish, another Romance language with a gender system analogous to the Italian one. In both Experiments, naming times were slower for picture–word pairs sharing grammatical gender. The results of the present study support the notion that grammatical gender is an intrinsic lexical property and not a pure syntactic feature selected only in noun phrase production. We assume that grammatical gender selection is crucial in languages with a complex morphological structure, like Italian and Spanish, in which the ending vowel is itself marked for grammatical gender.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"335 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88807560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Effects of mixing and cueing simple addition and multiplication 混合和提示简单加法和乘法的效果
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902903629
Jamie I. D. Campbell, K. Arbuthnott
{"title":"Effects of mixing and cueing simple addition and multiplication","authors":"Jamie I. D. Campbell, K. Arbuthnott","doi":"10.1080/09541440902903629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902903629","url":null,"abstract":"Miller and Paredes (1990) found that both children's and adults' performance of simple addition and multiplication tested in mixed-operation blocks was slower and more susceptible to operation errors (e.g., 6 + 2=12 or 6×2=8) compared to pure-operation blocks; but mixed-operation costs were greater for addition than for multiplication. We pursued the source of these effects in adults (n=96) by examining effects of operation switching and cueing. We replicated the asymmetrical costs of mixing addition and multiplication and demonstrated that these owed, in part, to asymmetrical task switching costs. Operation foreknowledge (a visual cue appearing 2 s before the problem) moderated both mixing and switch costs. This suggests that an asymmetry between addition and multiplication in the utility of preparation contributed to asymmetric mixing costs. Miller and Paredes proposed that the asymmetric costs of mixing operations observed in adults echoed an asymmetry developed in childhood when multiplication is initially learned. This might be correct, but our results raise the possibility that the asymmetry reflects operation-specific costs and interference effects that arise during the experiment.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"422 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78887472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Cognitive determinants of the success of inventors: Complex problem solving and deliberate use of divergent and convergent thinking 发明家成功的认知决定因素:复杂问题的解决和发散和收敛思维的慎重运用
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902916845
Katrin M. Wolf, H. Mieg
{"title":"Cognitive determinants of the success of inventors: Complex problem solving and deliberate use of divergent and convergent thinking","authors":"Katrin M. Wolf, H. Mieg","doi":"10.1080/09541440902916845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902916845","url":null,"abstract":"With reference to Henderson's (2004) assumption that inventors are “expert problem solvers”, we studied the ability of inventors to solve complex problems (CPS) using a sample of 46 German inventors. The participants had to use FSYS 2.0, a computer-simulated microworld. Additionally, we assessed metacognition, in particular the participants' ability to make deliberate use of divergent and convergent thinking. This ability was expected to be an important skill involved in solving complex problems (Dörner, Kreuzig, Reither, & Stäudel, 1983). We assumed a positive correlation between the individual success of inventors (number of granted and marketed patents) and CPS abilities. Controllability of divergent and convergent thinking turned out to be a predictor of the success of inventors and allowed us to identify the top 10% performers. Oddly however, the best problem solvers were inventors with exactly one granted patent. Data from a posteriori conducted interviews help explaining the results.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"197 1","pages":"443 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76775762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Reduced congruency effects only for repeated spatial irrelevant information 仅对重复的空间无关信息减少一致性效应
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-03-30 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903361967
Peter Zeischka, N. Deroost, Kathleen Maetens, E. Soetens
{"title":"Reduced congruency effects only for repeated spatial irrelevant information","authors":"Peter Zeischka, N. Deroost, Kathleen Maetens, E. Soetens","doi":"10.1080/09541440903361967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903361967","url":null,"abstract":"Repeating irrelevant information on successive trials tends to temporarily reduce congruency effects. Despite general explanations extending to all stimulus types, this congruency modulation is mainly observed when using spatial irrelevant information. For nonspatial irrelevant information, the modulation is inconsistent. The present study tested the validity of these general hypotheses by studying the congruency modulation with spatial and nonspatial irrelevant information in a flanker task, thereby minimising task differences. The results show that the modulation only occurs with spatial information (Experiments 1, 2, and 3) and that it is not related to automatic response activation often attributed to arrow stimuli (Experiment 4). Therefore, theories based on mechanisms that work on all types of stimulus features fail. These results require explanations in terms of sustained-suppression to be limited to either spatial information, to large conflict situations, or to response conflicts. Interestingly, the present data are also in line with the original spatial attention-shift hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1137 - 1167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84713022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Asymmetrical perceptual load in lateralised word processing 横向文字处理中的不对称知觉负荷
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-03-29 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903264161
G. Madrid, N. Lavie, M. Lavidor
{"title":"Asymmetrical perceptual load in lateralised word processing","authors":"G. Madrid, N. Lavie, M. Lavidor","doi":"10.1080/09541440903264161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903264161","url":null,"abstract":"We applied the Load Theory of attention (Lavie, 1995, 2005) to the case of distraction during processing of lateralised words presented in either the right or the left visual fields. Previous research (Brand-D'Abrescia & Lavie, 2007) showed that lexicality affects selective attention such that the number of letters in a search task only increases perceptual load and reduces irrelevant distractor effects for searches in nonwords but not in words. The present study examined the hypothesis that the effect of lexicality on distractor processing would be stronger for words presented to the left compared to the right hemisphere. The results supported this hypothesis and their implications for attention to words in the two cerebral hemispheres are discussed. We suggest that the efficiency of attentional selection differed because perceptual load in the visual fields taxed processing depending on hemispheric language expertise.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1066 - 1077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74882078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
SOLAR versus SERIOL revisited 再来看看SOLAR和SERIOL的对比
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-03-12 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903155682
C. Davis
{"title":"SOLAR versus SERIOL revisited","authors":"C. Davis","doi":"10.1080/09541440903155682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903155682","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares two approaches to modelling orthographic processing, the Self-Organising Lexical Acquisition and Recognition (SOLAR; Davis, 1999, in press) and the Sequential Encoding Regulated by Inputs to Oscillating Letter units (SERIOL; Whitney, 2001, 2004) models, following up on a previous analysis by Whitney (2008). I provide a brief overview of the SOLAR model, and its key similarities to and differences from the SERIOL model, focusing in particular on the different mechanisms underlying the formation of the positional gradient in the two models. I also discuss the neural implementation of the SOLAR model's lexical matching algorithm, and its plausibility. In the final part of the paper I discuss empirical attempts to adjudicate between the two models, focusing on the masked form priming paradigm, as well as the use of theoretical match values to test model predictions. It is concluded that the SOLAR model provides an account of visual word identification that is neurally plausible and that succeeds in explaining critical orthographical similarity data, but that the SERIOL model does not satisfy these constraints.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"695 - 724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79578015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Computational modelling of the masked onset priming effect in reading aloud 朗读中隐性启动效应的计算模型
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/09541440903052798
Petroula Mousikou, M. Coltheart, Steven Saunders
{"title":"Computational modelling of the masked onset priming effect in reading aloud","authors":"Petroula Mousikou, M. Coltheart, Steven Saunders","doi":"10.1080/09541440903052798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440903052798","url":null,"abstract":"The masked onset priming effect (MOPE) was first defined by Forster and Davis (1991) as the finding that human naming latencies are faster when a target word (e.g., BREAK) is preceded by a briefly presented masked prime word that shares its initial sound with the target (e.g., belly) compared to when it does not (e.g., merry) or when it rhymes with it (e.g., stake). The present paper presents a review of empirical findings on the MOPE in the English language and their simulations by the DRC computational model of reading (Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001), which offers an explicit account of how the effect might occur in humans. A new version of DRC, called DRC 1.2, which differs from the previous downloadable DRC version mainly in the way its nonlexical route operates, has been recently developed. The performance of DRC 1.2 on simulating the MOPE is evaluated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"725 - 763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82332601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Reading strategies in orthographies of intermediate depth are flexible: Modulation of length effects in Portuguese 中等深度正字法的阅读策略是灵活的:葡萄牙语长度效应的调制
The European journal of cognitive psychology Pub Date : 2010-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/09541440902750145
C. Lima, S. Castro
{"title":"Reading strategies in orthographies of intermediate depth are flexible: Modulation of length effects in Portuguese","authors":"C. Lima, S. Castro","doi":"10.1080/09541440902750145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09541440902750145","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of grapheme–phoneme conversion for skilled reading in an orthography of intermediate depth, Portuguese. The effects of word length in number of letters were determined in two studies. Mixed lists of five- and six-letter words and nonwords were presented to young adults in lexical decision and reading aloud tasks in the first study; in the second one, the length range was increased from four to six letters and an extra condition was added where words and nonwords were presented in separate, or blocked, lists. Reaction times were larger for longer words and nonwords in lexical decision, and in reading aloud mixed lists, but no effect of length was observed when reading words in blocked lists. The effect of word length is thus modulated by list composition. This is evidence that grapheme–phoneme conversion is not as predominant for phonological recoding in intermediate orthographies as it is in shallow ones, and suggests that skilled reading in those orthographies is highly responsive to tasks conditions because readers may switch from smaller segment-by-segment decoding to larger unit or lexicon-related processing.","PeriodicalId":88321,"journal":{"name":"The European journal of cognitive psychology","volume":"20 1","pages":"190 - 215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90406694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
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