University of Western Ontario medical journal最新文献_第3页

Children in a Pandemic: The Impact of Isolation and Economic Recession on the Health of Youth 流行病中的儿童:孤立和经济衰退对青年健康的影响

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10900

Justin B. Senecal, Kenneth C Ip

{"title":"Children in a Pandemic: The Impact of Isolation and Economic Recession on the Health of Youth","authors":"Justin B. Senecal, Kenneth C Ip","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10900","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic started in China in late 2019 and has since caused social and economic disruption across the globe. While children seem to be less severely affected by the disease, indirect factors may be affecting children’s physical and mental wellbeing. Countries have adopted social distancing policies, including school closures, in an attempt to slow the spread of the disease. Children were forced to be socially isolated from agemates during prolonged home-stay at an unprecedented scale. In addition, the pandemic is causing economic decline surpassing that of the Great Recession in 2008-2009. Other than some preliminary reports, it is unknown how the current situation will affect child health. To estimate how these drastic changes may impact children, we examine previous studies on social isolation and economic recession. Social isolation in the context of infectious disease is understudied, but the limited literature does show a correlation with increased post-traumatic stress scores and need for mental health services. Studies from the 2008 recession show how economic decline may be related to higher rates of infant and child mortality, obesity, mental health concerns, suicide related behaviours and child maltreatment. Potential increases in child maltreatment are of concern because reporting has decreased in a variety of jurisdictions after the onset of the pandemic. Parents and those who work with children should be aware of these indirect consequences during and after the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patients Awake During Neurosurgery? 神经外科手术中患者清醒吗?

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13790

A. Kassay

{"title":"Patients Awake During Neurosurgery?","authors":"A. Kassay","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13790","url":null,"abstract":"An awake craniotomy is a type of brain surgery that is performed on patients who are conscious during the operation. This article will focus on the history of the development of the awake craniotomy and the importance of the patient’s role during the operation. Going back to ancient history, archaeological records demonstrated that trepanation of the skull occurred thousands of years ago, before the discovery of general anesthesia. Moving on to the modern awake craniotomy, Dr. Wilder Penfield, the American-Canadian neurosurgeon, sparked the modern era of awake craniotomies through his work in neural stimulation during the 1920s to 60s. During the Montreal Procedure, Dr. Penfield interacted with his patient’s during surgery using only local anesthetic. By probing specific parts of the brain, patients were able to provide Dr. Penfield with immediate feedback. Dr. Penfield stated that his patients were fellow explorers of the unknown brain and together they built the maps which he is famous for. Dr. Penfield’s patients were not just important during the operation, they had an important role afterwards. Patients’ self reports were vital, and Dr. Penfield was the one who interpreted the answers from them. The modern era of the awake craniotomy was established almost 70 years ago, and it revolutionized the field of neurosurgery. Today, awake craniotomies continue to demonstrate the importance of the patient’s role in their own care and help us further understand the complexities of the brain.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76024359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canada’s Hidden History of Medical Violence: An Intersectional Feminist Perspective 加拿大医疗暴力的隐藏历史:交叉的女权主义视角

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13740

Snow Wangding, D. Santhanam

{"title":"Canada’s Hidden History of Medical Violence: An Intersectional Feminist Perspective","authors":"Snow Wangding, D. Santhanam","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.13740","url":null,"abstract":"Medical violence in the Canadian historical narrative is often overlooked in favour of progress and current advancements. Yet, to deliver compassionate care to all patients requires an understanding and acknowledgement of the medical community’s past and persisting transgressions. The legalization and forced sterilization of Indigenous women is not only an example of blatant disregard for informed consent, but an egregious and continued trauma highlighting the medical community’s policing of marginalized female bodies. In the 1900s and deeply rooted in eugenic theory, sexual sterilization in Canada was framed as the solution for vast disparities in economic classes and social inequities. Indigenous women were disproportionately targeted and vilified by both the Canadian government and the practicing medical body. Such measures nearly halved birth rates in Indigenous populations in as little as two decades. The sociocultural effects of Canada’s medical violence are clear today; laws have yet to pass banning forced sterilization in Indigenous communities, and stereotypes of the ‘promiscuous’ Indigenous woman are cited in current clinical cases with devastating consequences. This article aims to contribute to discourse regarding the violent history of forced sterilization of Indigenous women and describe its institutionalization by the Canadian government as a public health measure with ongoing implications in perpetuating structural racism.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76366294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving Margins of Resection in Surgical Oncology with the Intelligent Surgical Knife 应用智能手术刀提高外科肿瘤切除边缘

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.8615

Wenxuan Wang, Dragos S. Chiriac

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis for global health: Threats of infectious disease and why we continue to ignore them. 全球卫生诊断:传染病的威胁以及我们继续忽视它们的原因。

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.10653

A. Kassay, Anastasiya Vinokurtseva

{"title":"Diagnosis for global health: Threats of infectious disease and why we continue to ignore them.","authors":"A. Kassay, Anastasiya Vinokurtseva","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.10653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.10653","url":null,"abstract":"In a matter of several weeks, an unknown infectious agent spread over the entire globe; it infected over 2.2 million people and killed at least 150,000 (as of April 2020). This infectious agent has been identified as a novel coronavirus and is now known as COVID-19. In 2007, Cheng et al. warned us of the reemerging ability of coronaviruses and the “ticking time bomb” that awaits. In 2008, Talbot et al. also warned that SARS was only the tip of the iceberg with regards to coronaviruses. There has been an endless amount of information available about how to prevent and minimize the risk of future outbreaks. We knew the importance of implementing these strategies 16 years ago; nonetheless, the number of people infected by COVID-19 are climbing each day. SARS was not the only infectious disease we could have learned from: a more recent example is Ebola. In 2015, Bill Gates discussed the impact of Ebola, warned that “if anything kills over 10 million people in the next few decades, it’s most likely to be a highly infectious virus rather than a war”, and made suggestions to invest in stronger public health systems. We had the time to implement these suggestions made over the years, yet they were not taken seriously and for the current pandemic, it is too late to use preventative measures as we are managing the consequences. Hopefully, in the world post-COVID-19, these important lessons will finally be applied and our global health system will become stronger.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89506958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Realize, Recognize, Respond: The Building of Trauma-Informed Care in Medicine 认识、认识、回应:医学创伤知情护理的建设

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10967

Lama Mouneimne

{"title":"Realize, Recognize, Respond: The Building of Trauma-Informed Care in Medicine","authors":"Lama Mouneimne","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v89is.10967","url":null,"abstract":"In December 2019, Western University delivered its first lecture on trauma-informed care (TIC) to its medical students. TIC is a universal treatment framework that involves realizing, recognizing, and responding to the effects of emotional trauma. The model shifts the question from “what is wrong with you?” to “what has happened to you?” This change in approach has only recently gained traction among medical professionals, perhaps because until recently, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was predominantly understood within the context of military trauma while much less was known about the pervasiveness of trauma within the civilian domain. Consequently, historians have largely focused on the medical community’s understanding of psychological trauma in the wake of the Vietnam War. Indeed, combat-related psychiatric research helped shape early ideas of trauma, but there existed concurrent driving forces that have been mostly overlooked. Knowledge of a more complete historical narrative of the civil origins of TIC may serve as a powerful tool to create genuine empathy towards patients with past trauma. Drawing on journal articles, newspaper archives, and physician questionnaires from the early 1970s to the present, this paper demonstrates the significant contributions made by the women’s movement in forming the official diagnosis of PTSD, in dismantling taboos surrounding domestic violence, and in initiating the move toward TIC. This paper concludes with a discussion of the important role that TIC training in medical school curriculums may hold, followed by an analysis of barriers to the implementation of TIC within clinical practice, and finally, suggested future directions.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84509755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alternatives to antibiotic prophylaxis for UTIs 替代抗生素预防尿路感染

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.14005

Zahra Taboun, Corina DeKrakeer

引用次数: 0

HOCUS POCUS - Exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence in Point of Care Ultrasound Application in the Emergency Department HOCUS POCUS -探索人工智能在急诊超声点护理中的应用

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-09-18 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v89i2.10610

Wenxuan Wang, Dragos S. Chiriac

{"title":"HOCUS POCUS - Exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence in Point of Care Ultrasound Application in the Emergency Department","authors":"Wenxuan Wang, Dragos S. Chiriac","doi":"10.5206/uwomj.v89i2.10610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v89i2.10610","url":null,"abstract":"The field of emergency medicine has changed since the first introduction of portable ultrasound fifty years ago. Smaller equipment and the ability to produce higher quality images has driven the wide adoption of Point-of-Care Ultrasound (PoCUS) in emergency departments. PoCUS is an integral tool for physicians to obtain images in real-time and rapidly diagnose critically ill patients for timely intervention when every minute matters. Recognizing Core applications of PoCUS has been highlighted by the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians and training programs are within the core curriculum for EM residency. However, the main challenge of PoCUS is that the diagnostic accuracy and interpretability is dependent on operator expertise. With the resurgent interest in artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, its integration into PoCUS was promising. Several studies have looked at integrating AI analysis with PoCUS imaging to improve diagnostic accuracy, guide training models, and increase the accessibility of PoCUS for novice users. Given that PoCUS usage improves patient satisfaction and clinician confidence, increased PoCUS usage is a worthy and achievable goal in Canadian emergency departments. The promising adaptation of artificial intelligence with PoCUS assessments will serve to expand training and diagnostic confidence to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":87852,"journal":{"name":"University of Western Ontario medical journal","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76700149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stem cell therapy to treat macular degeneration 干细胞疗法治疗黄斑变性

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.14008

Sanna Abbasi, Gursimran Parmar

引用次数: 0

CRISPR: On the road to restoring sight to the blind CRISPR:在让盲人重见光明的道路上

University of Western Ontario medical journal Pub Date : 2022-03-24 DOI: 10.5206/uwomj.v90i1.14009

Amy Basilious

引用次数: 0