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Gender differences in police physical ability test performance 警察体能测试成绩的性别差异
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610122494
Michael Birzer, D. Craig
{"title":"Gender differences in police physical ability test performance","authors":"Michael Birzer, D. Craig","doi":"10.1108/07358549610122494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610122494","url":null,"abstract":"Studies a large midwestern police agency to find out whether female applicants failed the physical ability test more often than male applicants, whether the tasks were job related or whether there was violation of the “four‐fifths” rule of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and whether the test measured critical tasks. Finds that the test has an adverse effect on women and is not job related.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"135 1","pages":"249-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77983088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY POLICING VERSUS TRADITIONAL POLICING AMONG NONMETROPOLITAN POLICE OFFICERS: A SURVEY OF FOUR NEW MEXICO POLICE DEPARTMENTS 非都市警察对社区警务与传统警务的支持:对四个新墨西哥警察局的调查
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610148036
L. Winfree, Gregory M. Bartku, G. Seibel
{"title":"SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY POLICING VERSUS TRADITIONAL POLICING AMONG NONMETROPOLITAN POLICE OFFICERS: A SURVEY OF FOUR NEW MEXICO POLICE DEPARTMENTS","authors":"L. Winfree, Gregory M. Bartku, G. Seibel","doi":"10.1108/07358549610148036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610148036","url":null,"abstract":"Looks at policing in small to medium departments in nonmetropolitan areas. Describes the level and sources of support for traditional and community policing activities. Finds that highly educated and long‐serving officers had lower levels of police solidarity (social cohesiveness); conversely the higher the police solidarity, the lower the level of police professionalism. Traditional policing and CP were seen as separate but related aspects and higher expenditure on the former aspect was supported. Suggests that officers are not in favor of funding CP at the expense of traditional policing. Finds that well‐educated officers are less supportive of police solidarity and of CP. Points out that although the officers surveyed were based in relatively isolated communities they did not unequivocally support CP.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"10 1","pages":"23-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85210102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Defining community policing 界定社区警务
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610122476
J. Seagrave
{"title":"Defining community policing","authors":"J. Seagrave","doi":"10.1108/07358549610122476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610122476","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses the definitions and interpretations of community policing (CP) given in academic literature. Looks at the wider concept of “community”. Analyzes the responses of 31 police leaders and 144 police officers in British Columbia, Canada who gave their interpretations of CP. Finds that the two groups interpret CP in different ways. Suggests that research on police perceptions of CP should be conducted at every level of the hierarchy and that findings should be analyzed in the light of various structures (social, etc.) in which the officer is employed and with regard to the roles in which the officer must operate.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84170890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 67
TIRED COPS: PROBABLE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FATIGUE AND THE PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND SAFETY OF PATROL OFFICERS 疲惫的警察:疲劳与巡逻人员的表现、健康和安全之间可能存在的联系
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-06-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610122485
B. Vila
{"title":"TIRED COPS: PROBABLE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN FATIGUE AND THE PERFORMANCE, HEALTH AND SAFETY OF PATROL OFFICERS","authors":"B. Vila","doi":"10.1108/07358549610122485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610122485","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a number of connections between administratively controllable causes of fatigue and problems associated with police performance, health, and safety ‐ problems that have long been overlooked. The effects of fatigue on human behavior, performance, and physiology are well understood, and widely known. Excess fatigue arising from sleep loss, circadian disruption, and other factors tends to decrease alertness, impair performance, and worsen mood. It therefore may be expected to influence the performance, health, and safety of patrol officers. The argument is made that much of the fatigue experienced by patrol officers could be controlled administratively, just as we control the working hours of many other occupational groups. As was emphasized in a recent special issue of Human Factors devoted to fatigue, it is important to approach fatigue-related research in a holistic, interdisciplinary manner (Mital and Kumar, 1994:195-6). This paper examines ways in which interactions between physiological and psychological effects associated with fatigue may be expected to influence the performance, health, and safety of patrol officers. It also attempts to assess ways that the social, cultural, and economic construction of field police work may have obscured this problem and the potential for its control. After a brief overview, the discussion that follows uses research on police, anecdotal evidence, official statistics and the results of a preliminary overtime survey to identify what we do and do not know about the sources and pervasiveness of fatigue among police patrol officers. It then examines known and probable ways that the performance, health, and safety of these officers can be affected by both short-term and chronic fatigue. Next, the question of why researchers,","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"64 1","pages":"51-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83951152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
Keep them at home: juvenile curfew ordinances in 200 American cities 让他们呆在家里:美国200个城市的青少年宵禁条例
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116563
William J. Ruefle, Ken Reynolds
{"title":"Keep them at home: juvenile curfew ordinances in 200 American cities","authors":"William J. Ruefle, Ken Reynolds","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116563","url":null,"abstract":"Reviews the history of curfews, which began in England under Alfred the Great. Detects an increased interest in current literature in the use of curfews. Surveys 200 US cities and finds that juvenile curfew ordinances have become widespread in the 1990s. Gives data inter alia on age groups affected, time limits applied, geographical constraints applied and curfew enforcement. Recommends that this descriptive analysis be followed by further research to explain the social dynamics of curfew movements, the various impacts of curfew ordinances, the role of community policing, etc.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"39 1","pages":"63-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73478951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
The effect of weather and temporal variations on calls for police service 天气及时间变化对警察服务要求的影响
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116545
E. Cohn
{"title":"The effect of weather and temporal variations on calls for police service","authors":"E. Cohn","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116545","url":null,"abstract":"Examines the effect of weather and temporal factors on the total calls for service (CFS) at the Minneapolis Police Department. Aims at the eventual development of an instrument to predict short‐term variations in CFS over time ‐ a goal which at present is unique. Finds that CFS increase at times when individuals have less habitual routine activities, e.g. after dark; during vacation months. Suggests that temporal factors have much more impact than the weather. Points out some practical implications for the criminal justice system, e.g., future schedules can be adjusted for temporal variations, thus helping in the deployment of officers. Shows that accurate prediction of the overall number of CFS is possible when temporal and weather factors are used.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"57 1","pages":"23-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88615149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
RACE, COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND CONFIDENCE IN THE POLICE 种族，社区背景和对警察的信心
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116536
Liqun Cao, James Frank, F. Cullen
{"title":"RACE, COMMUNITY CONTEXT AND CONFIDENCE IN THE POLICE","authors":"Liqun Cao, James Frank, F. Cullen","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116536","url":null,"abstract":"Considers the impact of a range of variables on confidence in the police, including those given little or no previous attention, e.g. measures of crime experience and of conservative political orientation. Draws data from a larger study of urban crime‐prevention issues based on Cincinnati, Ohio. Finds that respondents’ race is not a significant determinant of confidence in the police; the most important determinant being the community context. Suggests that neighborhood social integration may provide a supportive context which could encourage positive evaluation of formal institutional arrangements. Finds that attitudes toward the police (ATP) are regulated by the social context and that much of the existing research, which excluded contextual variables, may have been wrong in making race a significant variable. Notes that confidence in the police is higher in women than in men, but this may be due to a lower rate of antagonistic contact between police and women (not measured here).","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"100 1","pages":"3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74207686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 431
THE PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE-EDUCATED POLICE: A STUDY OF SELF-RATED POLICE PERFORMANCE MEASURES 受过大学教育的警察的绩效:一项自评警察绩效指标的研究
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116572
John T. Krimmel
{"title":"THE PERFORMANCE OF COLLEGE-EDUCATED POLICE: A STUDY OF SELF-RATED POLICE PERFORMANCE MEASURES","authors":"John T. Krimmel","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116572","url":null,"abstract":"Addresses a long‐standing debate as to whether or not college‐educated police officers perform their jobs better than others. Of the 250 officers asked to complete a self‐assessment form, officers with a bachelor’s degree rated themselves higher in a number of performance indicators than did those without a degree. Points out that the results may indicate that educated officers perform better, or it may indicate differences in perceptions about their duties. Whichever is the case, education confers the advantage of better written and oral communication skills. Recommends the use of self‐administered questionnaires to provide data for policy making.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"1 1","pages":"85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73853174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Research note: Spokane community policing officers revisited 研究说明:斯波坎社区警察重新审视
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116581
Q. Thurman, P. Bogen
{"title":"Research note: Spokane community policing officers revisited","authors":"Q. Thurman, P. Bogen","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116581","url":null,"abstract":"Looks at a project in Spokane, Washington in which two community police officers (CPOs) were assigned to two economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Finds that there is a continuing need for improving communication between police and the neighborhood residents and between residents themselves. Notes the importance of improving the image of law enforcement and encouraging residents to take an active role in solving crime‐related problems in their neighborhood. Says that CPOs enjoy their work and appear quite successful at it; that those who come into contact with CPOs appreciate them. Comments that the flexibility to interact with residents on a personal level and view problems from a local perspective seems to help in problem solving.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"85 1","pages":"97-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76345458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
HIV/AIDS: state police training practices and personnel policies 艾滋病毒/艾滋病:州警察培训做法和人事政策
The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science Pub Date : 1996-03-01 DOI: 10.1108/07358549610116554
T. D. Edwards, R. Tewksbury
{"title":"HIV/AIDS: state police training practices and personnel policies","authors":"T. D. Edwards, R. Tewksbury","doi":"10.1108/07358549610116554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/07358549610116554","url":null,"abstract":"Reports on a US survey of state police (and highway patrol) training academies concerning policies for dealing with AIDS. Finds that although a majority of these organizations have implemented training, fewer agencies have adopted policies informing officers how to deal with HIV/AIDS sufferers, despite the existence of national standards and model policies. Finds that even fewer agencies have policies addressing the employment of staff with HIV/AIDS.","PeriodicalId":87824,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of criminal law and criminology, including the American journal of police science","volume":"29 1","pages":"45-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74197631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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