Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift最新文献

{"title":"Authorization of animal research proposals – a comparison of harm concepts in different European regulations","authors":"M. Eggel, Samuel Camenzind","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19057","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the professional responsibilities of veterinarians in animal research has been described by the German Federal Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons (Bundestierarztekammer, BTK) as a “special ethical challenge”. Veterinarians are involved in animal research, not only as researcher and animal welfare officers, but also as members of ethical review committees and as such require a unique set of skills to provide a wide range of services and practices. Animal research in Europe is strictly regulated. The harm-benefit analysis (HBA) is one of the legal corner stones in project authorization and as such has to be carried out within a specific legal framework. Hence, veterinarians (and other members of ethical review committees) require an understanding of the normative foundation of animal research legislation in order to fulfill their role and responsibilities. Against this background, it is the goal of this article (1) to introduce the rationale and role of the harm concept and the HBA in project evaluation of animal research. (2) We then outline the different harm concepts which the European and the Swiss legislation are based on and (3) elaborate on the moral significance that is given to different forms of harm within the HBA in these legal frameworks. (4) Last, we demonstrate potential practical implications of these conceptually different normative frameworks for project evaluation in animal research with the practical example of genetically disenhancing the ability of rodents to feel pain and to suffer.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87947511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Managing Local Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADR) – A Case Report","authors":"C. Reimann, S. Sander, A. Gruber, J. Hoppe, M. Brunnberg, P. Slunsky, A. Lübke-Becker, M. C. Andrade, L. Brunnberg","doi":"10.2376/1439-0299-2020-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/1439-0299-2020-14","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes a rare case of a presumed local cutaneous drug reaction in a 10-year old, male miniature short-haired dachshund after subcutaneous injection of meloxicam and maropitant. The dog was presented with cubital joint lameness and meloxicam was injected subcutaneously. Bloody diarrhoea and bloody emesis developed over the next three days. After a repeated subcutaneous application of meloxicam and maropitant into the left thoracic wall, the skin and subcutis at the injection site indurated and became painful over an area of approx. 8x8 cm. The skin became locally necrotic and was demarcated within a few days. Histopathology of deep skin biopsies revealed severe, necrosuppurative dermatitis, panniculitis and vasculitis with marked edema and deep sequestrating pannicular necrosis. Perivascular eosinophils and vascular thrombosis were present in deeper areas of the panniculus and cutaneous muscle. Microbiological culturing failed to identify bacterial growth. Based on the treatment history, clinical changes, histopathology and the lack of laboratory data suggestive of relevant differential diagnoses, a local cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) was favoured. Surgical removal of affected areas and an open wound management were successful and the dog fully recovered. This rare case of localized canine CADR illustrates the importance of a precise medical history, a strategie to exclude relevant differential diagnoses and the difficulties in ultimately confirming localized CADR in veterinary medicine.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86819294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luftverunreinigungen und Stallklima in einer Kaninchenzucht- und Mastanlage: Analyse möglicher Belastungen für Tiere und Umwelt","authors":"Sarah Kimm, S. Rauterberg, L. Broer, Julian Markus, J. Schulz, N. Kemper, Michaela Fels","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19033","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie wurde das Stallklima hinsichtlich CO2und NH3-Konzentrationen, Temperatur, relativer Luftfeuchte und Volumenstrom in einer zwangsbelüfteten Kaninchenzuchtund Mastanlage mit 24 Zuchtund 260 Masttierplätzen kontinuierlich über vier Durchgänge bestimmt. Exkremente wurden täglich mittels Förderband aus der Stallanlage verbracht. Am 7., 30., 52. und 77. Tag eines jeden Durchgangs wurde zudem der Verschmutzungsgrad des Spaltenbodens anhand eines Scoresystems erfasst; zeitgleich erfolgten punktuelle Stallklimamessungen auf Tierhöhe. Weiterhin wurden die Emissionen aus der Haltungsanlage (CO2, NH3, Staub, Geruch) über sechs auf drei Jahreszeiten verteilte Wochen gemessen und Emissionsfaktoren bestimmt. Die gemessenen Gaskonzentrationen im Stall lagen bei 3,50 ± 2,10 (max. 16,00) ppm NH3 und 644,60 ± 170,19 (max. 1736,00) ppm CO2 und blieben unter den nach Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung (2014) zulässigen Maximalwerten von 20 ppm NH3 und 3000 ppm CO2. NH3 stieg über die Haltungsphase mit zunehmender Bodenverschmutzung an. Die Emissionen unterschieden sich teilweise signifikant zwischen den Produktionsphasen Zucht und Mast und variierten über die Jahreszeiten. Im Vergleich zu anderen Nutztierarten waren die in der untersuchten Kaninchenhaltung ermittelten Emissionsfaktoren hoch (z. B. NH3: 46,34 kg GV−1 a−1) und sollten zur Abschätzung von Umweltbelastungen durch Tierhaltungen Berücksichtigung finden.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"14 1","pages":"171-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85633714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies on Schaalia (Actinomyces) hyovaginalis isolated from wild boar, goat and sheep","authors":"Mazen Alssahen, A. Hassan, J. Rau, O. Sammra, Jörn Wickhorst, C. Lämmler, E. Prenger-Berninghoff, T. Eisenberg, A. Abdulmawjood","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"28 1","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinärmedizinische Ethik in der universitären Lehre im deutschsprachigen Raum","authors":"C. Thöne-Reineke, Sonja Hartnack, P. Kunzmann, H. Grimm, K. Weich","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"60 11 1","pages":"207-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80220463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wenn Tierärzte töten: Angewandte Ethik in ihrem Verhältnis zu Moral und Recht","authors":"P. Kunzmann","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19062","url":null,"abstract":"Zusammenfassung Die Federation of Veterinarians of Europe (FVE) und die European Association of Establishments for Veterinary Education (EAEVE), also die Institutionen, die für die tiermedizinische Ausbildung in Europa zuständig sind, bezeichnen Ethik als eine „Grundwissenschaft“. Ziel des Beitrags hier ist es, zu zeigen, wie Ethik sich in die Ausbildung von Tiermedizinern fügt, und warum sie hilfreich oder gar notwendig sein kann für eine professionelle tierärztliche Berufsausübung. Mehrere der sogenannten „day one competences“ schließen genuin ethische Perspektiven ein. Der Beitrag gibt eine Definition von Ethik, die es erlaubt, sie gegen Moral und Recht abzugrenzen, aber auch die Verbindungen aufzuzeigen. Wie man sie anwendet, wird konkreter dargestellt an einem paradigmatischen Fragekreis: Die schwere Entscheidung, ob (oder wann) ein Tier euthanasiert werden soll, verlangt Vertrautheit mit fundamentalen ethischen Kategorien wie Werten. Diese Werte erklären sich auch im Kontext unterschiedlicher moralischer und rechtlicher Traditionen innerhalb Europas. An ihnen zeigt sich, wie konkrete Entscheidungsfindung auf ethische Überlegung gegründet sein kann.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"23 1","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80684452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culling dogs to control rabies in Uganda – an example of moral distress for a veterinary officer","authors":"Grace Alobo, M. A. Kahunde, V. Luyckx, S. Okech, J. Semakula, Denis Agaba, S. Hartnack","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-19052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-19052","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths – approximately 60,000 annually occurring mostly in Africa and Asia. The World Health Organisation and its partners declared “zero human deaths due to canine rabies by 2030” as a strategic goal. In the context of rabies control, an ethical case scenario from the perspective of a veterinary officer in Uganda is presented. A practice-oriented tool, Ropohl’s responsibil-ity checklist, is applied to structure the individual responsibility of the veterinary officer according to the six core questions. This ethical deliberation was performed in a work-shop following a participatory approach. Based on the ethical deliberation it becomes evident, that the case scenario could be potentially described by moral distress. We suggest that a better understanding of personal responsibility, including its extent and its limits, would help veterinary officers to better cope with difficult and challeng-ing situations.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"12 1","pages":"248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78913427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the prevalence of antibodies against Ungulate protoparvovirus 1 (porcine parvovirus) in wild boar populations for Saxony, Germany","authors":"A. F. Streck, T. Homeier-Bachmann, U. Plessow, M. Pfeffer, U. Truyen","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18094","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the high population density of wild boars ( Sus scrofa) in Germany and the pathogene importance of Porcine parvovirus (PPV), only few data are available about the presence of PPV within this population. Here, the presence of PPV antibodies in sera of the wild boar population were determined in Saxony, Germany, an area of swine production and a natural habitat for wild boar. As a result, 155/285 samples were positive (titer ≥80), and the majority (89.68%) of these positive samples had titers ranging between 320 and 40,960. Increased titers were generally observed in older animals (without statistical significance), but no differences in sex and hunting sites could be determined. These results suggest that the PPV infection rate in Germany (at least in Saxony) is higher than those reported for most other European regions. Since wild boars can harbor new PPV types, these animals need to be intensively monitored in order to avoid the introduction of new PPV strains in the domestic swine population.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90763944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a simplified on-farm animal health and welfare benchmarking tool for pig herds","authors":"K. Wadepohl, T. Blaha, L. V. Gompel, A. S. Duarte, C. L. Nielsen, H. Saatkamp, J. Wagenaar, D. Meemken, H. Graveland, H. Schmitt, D. Heederik, R. Luiken, D. Mevius, A. Essen, B. González-Zorn, G. Moyano, P. Saunders, C. Chauvin, J. David, A. Battisti, A. Caprioli, J. Dewulf, M. Brandt, F. Aarestrup, T. Hald, D. Wasyl, M. Skarżyńska, M. Zając, H. Daskalov, K. Staerk, Effort Grp","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18088","url":null,"abstract":"Animal health and welfare have become topics of increasing public interest. Especially improvements in the health and welfare of food-producing animals are currently being intensively researched. To be able to routinely assess the quality of health and welfare of individual pig herds for benchmarking purposes in a simple and robust way, a short and easy to use measuring tool is needed. \u0000Since the very elaborate assessment tools of the Welfare Quality (R) (WQ) project (FOOD-CT-2004-506508) are too time-consuming for an assessment during a regular veterinary herd visit, easy to record indicators were targetly selected and supplemented by new elements in order to combine a number of measurements in one indicator, using the theoretical concept of iceberg indicators, which are thought to trigger further scrutiny into the management of pig herds that reveal potential deficiencies. \u0000The thus created simplified Herd Health and Welfare Index (HHWI) shows a theoretical range of 10 (very good) to a maximum of 30 (very bad) index points. It has been demonstrated that it can be used as an animal welfare measurement tool to compare herds within a group of pig herds that are measured by the same set of criteria. The HHWI has proven to be a rough, semi-quantitative, and a less elaborate tool than, for example, the complete protocol of the WQ-project. All in all, the HHWI has a broader range of application possibilities than the WQ-protocol due to its reduced number of criteria for the assessment of the health and welfare status of pig herds.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"43 1","pages":"504-512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89820477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verlauf der BVD-Bekämpfung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern","authors":"D. Rebentisch, K. Hüttner, U. Hacker, Horst Schirrmeier, A. Starke, H. Heyne","doi":"10.2376/0005-9366-18063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2376/0005-9366-18063","url":null,"abstract":"Wichtige Erkenntnisse zur speziellen Pathogenese der Bovinen Virusdiarrhoe (BVD) stammen aus den 1990er-Jahren und sind damit relativ jung. Dies erklart die grose Variabilitat der Bekampfungsansatze weltweit wie auch innerhalb Deutschlands. Wie effektiv das Bovine Virusdiarrhoe-Virus aus den Rinderpopulationen verdrangt werden kann, zeigen die Erfahrungen von Norwegen, Schweden, Finnland und Danemark, die in den 1990er-Jahren begannen und nach zehn Jahren die Freiheit von der Bovine Virusdiarrhoe vermelden konnten. \u0000In den deutschen Bundeslandern wurde auf der Basis von Bundesleitlinien aus dem Jahr 1998 mit freiwilligen Verfahren begonnen, deren Fortschritte nach den ersten zehn Jahren als nicht vorhanden bis moderat beschrieben werden. Der Anzeigepflicht nach dem Tierseuchengesetz im Jahr 2004 folgte eine Reihe von Verordnungsentwurfen fur eine verpflichtende Bekampfung, welche erst in der Fassung der Verordnung vom 17. Dezember 2010 verbindlich wurde. \u0000Fur Mecklenburg-Vorpommern lassen sich die Ubergange zwischen einem freiwilligen Verfahren unter Federfuhrung des Rindergesundheitsdienstes und der behordlichen Bekampfung ab dem Jahr 2011 nachhaltig unterlegen. So befanden sich einerseits viele Zuchtbetriebe im Verfahren, andererseits waren wiederkehrende Neuinfektionen, unzureichende Fallmeldungen und pravalente Risiken im Handel mit Rindern zu verzeichnen. Es bestanden in diesem Zusammenhang Unsicherheiten im Verstandnis der Infektion nicht nur unter Rinderhaltern sondern auch unter beteiligten Tierarzten. Erst verpflichtende Untersuchungen aller Rinder in eng definierten Zeitraumen mit einer effektiven Diagnostik und nachvollziehbaren Einzeltierhistorien sowie die Merzung von Virustragern entsprachen der speziellen Pathogenese und -Ubertragung und damit den Herausforderungen einer endemischen Situation der Bovinen Virusdiarrhoe in Deutschland. \u0000Parallel zu den ersten systematischen Bekampfungsansatzen wurden Studien zur wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der Infektion publiziert. In Mecklenburg-Vorpommern beliefen sich die Ausgaben fur Beihilfen und Entschadigungen fur die heise Phase der Bekampfung der Bovinen Virusdiarrhoe ohne den behordlichen Aufwand der Uberwachung und Attestierung der Betriebe im Zeitraum 2008–2014 auf knapp 2,14 Mio. Euro. Auch wenn eine belastbare Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse bislang fur Deutschland nicht vorliegt, steht die Notwendigkeit der Bekampfungsmasnahmen auser Frage. \u0000Die Sanierung der Bovinen Virusdiarrhoe in Deutschland allgemein und in Mecklenburg Vorpommern im Speziellen verlief in den Jahren 1998–2011 als Findungsphase, welche nach der Untersuchungspflicht im Jahr 2011 etwa zwei Jahre spater in die Phase der Endsanierung uberging und in naher Zukunft abgeschlossen sein wird. In Mecklenburg Vorpommern wurde das vorerst letzte infizierte Tier im April 2016 detektiert.","PeriodicalId":8761,"journal":{"name":"Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift","volume":"52 1","pages":"550-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79670097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}