Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement最新文献_第6页

Introduction of the George Eric Lamming Memorial Lecture. 乔治·埃里克·兰明纪念讲座简介。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2019-04-05 DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.014

K. Inskeep

引用次数: 0

Gestation length in red deer: genetically determined or environmentally controlled? 马鹿的妊娠期长短:基因决定还是环境控制?

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2019-04-05 DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.6.016

G. Asher

{"title":"Gestation length in red deer: genetically determined or environmentally controlled?","authors":"G. Asher","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.6.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.6.016","url":null,"abstract":"The red deer (Cervus elaphus) of European origin (e.g. subspecies scoticus, hispanicus, hippelaphus) is a medium sized (100-150kg mature hind weight) ruminant that exhibits highly seasonally patterns of autumn conceptions and summer births. Historic data indicate average (+/- s.d.) gestation length of 233-234 (+/- 2-4) days. Recently, however, there has been growing awareness that there is considerably greater variation in gestation length than earlier indicated and that there is a significant element of environmental, and possibly even social, control over the duration of pregnancy in this species. Imposition of variable levels of nutrition over late pregnancy of red deer hinds has been observed to influence fetal growth trajectory and gestation length, with no apparent effect on birth weight. This supports a hypothesis that under conditions of modest feed imbalance, variation in gestation length compensates for variation in fetal growth trajectory to ensure optimisation of birth weight. More recent studies on primiparous (24 month old) red deer hinds have identified surprisingly large variation in gestation length (193-263 days) compared with adult hinds (228-243 days), with earlier conceiving individuals within the primiparous cohort expressing significantly longer gestation than the later conceiving hinds, resulting in a higher level of calving synchrony than expected from known conception dates. This introduces an intriguing hypothesis of social indicative effects on parturition timing to promote within-cohort birth synchrony. Collectively, these data debunk the commonly held notion that gestation length of red deer is genetically fixed within strict limits. A review of the literature points to this as possibly a common phenomenon across a range of non-domesticated ruminant species but this conclusion is not supported by numerous conflicting studies on domestic sheep and cattle.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"64 1","pages":"255-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43112039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Endogenous retroviruses of sheep: a model system for understanding physiological adaptation to an evolving ruminant genome. 绵羊内源性逆转录病毒:了解反刍动物基因组进化生理适应的模型系统。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2019-04-05 DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.007

T. Spencer, S. G. Black, F. Arnaud, M. Palmarini

{"title":"Endogenous retroviruses of sheep: a model system for understanding physiological adaptation to an evolving ruminant genome.","authors":"T. Spencer, S. G. Black, F. Arnaud, M. Palmarini","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.007","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are present in the genome of all vertebrates and are remnants of ancient exogenous retroviral infections of the host germline transmitted vertically from generation to generation. Sheep betaretroviruses offer a unique model system to study the complex interaction between retroviruses and their host. The sheep genome contains 27 endogenous betaretroviruses (enJSRVs) related to the exogenous and pathogenic Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), the causative agent of a transmissible lung cancer in sheep. The enJSRVs can protect their host against JSRV infection by blocking early and late steps of the JSRV replication cycle. In the female reproductive tract, enJSRVs are specifically expressed in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia as well as in the conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) trophectoderm and in utero loss-of-function experiments found the enJSRVs envelope (env) to be essential for conceptus elongation and trophectoderm growth and development. Collectively, available evidence in sheep and other mammals indicate that ERVs coevolved with their hosts for millions of years and were positively selected for biological roles in genome plasticity and evolution, protection of the host against infection of related pathogenic and exogenous retroviruses, and placental development.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 1","pages":"95-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Genomic tools for characterizing monogenic and polygenic traits in ruminants--using the bovine as an example. 描述反刍动物单基因和多基因特征的基因组工具——以牛为例。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-12-01 DOI: 10.5661/RDR-VII-13

Jeremy F. Taylor, R. Chapple, J. Decker, S. J. Gregg, Jaewoo Kim, Stephanie D Mckay, Holly R. Ramey, M. Rolf, T. Taxis, R. Schnabel

{"title":"Genomic tools for characterizing monogenic and polygenic traits in ruminants--using the bovine as an example.","authors":"Jeremy F. Taylor, R. Chapple, J. Decker, S. J. Gregg, Jaewoo Kim, Stephanie D Mckay, Holly R. Ramey, M. Rolf, T. Taxis, R. Schnabel","doi":"10.5661/RDR-VII-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5661/RDR-VII-13","url":null,"abstract":"Next generation sequencing platforms have democratized genome sequencing. Large genome centers are no longer required to produce genome sequences costing millions. A few lanes of paired-end sequence on an Illumina Genome Analyzer, costing < $10,000, will produce more sequence than generated only a few years ago to produce the human and cow assemblies. The de novo assembly of large numbers of short reads into a high-quality whole-genome sequence is now technically feasible and will allow the whole genome sequencing and assembly of a broad spectrum of ruminant species. Next-generation sequencing instruments are also proving very useful for transcriptome or resequencing projects in which the entire RNA population produced by a tissue, or the entire genomes of individual animals are sequenced, and the produced reads are aligned to a reference assembly. We have used this strategy to examine gene expression differences in tissues from cattle differing in feed efficiency, to perform genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism discovery for the construction of ultrahigh-density genotyping assays, and in combination with genome-wide association analysis, for the identification of mutations responsible for Mendelian diseases. The new 800K SNP bovine genotyping assays possess the resolution to map trait associations to the locations of individual genes and the 45 million polymorphisms identified in > 180X genome sequence coverage on over 200 animals can be queried to identify the polymorphisms present within positional candidate genes. These new tools should rapidly allow the identification of genes and mutations underlying variation in cattle production and reproductive traits.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 1","pages":"13-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70827623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Gestation length in farmed reindeer. 养殖驯鹿的妊娠期。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.7313/upo9781907284991.035

M P Shipka, J E Rowell

引用次数: 0

Interaction of sperm with the zona pellucida during fertilization. 受精过程中精子与透明带的相互作用。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.7313/upo9781907284991.023

B M Gadella

{"title":"Interaction of sperm with the zona pellucida during fertilization.","authors":"B M Gadella","doi":"10.7313/upo9781907284991.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7313/upo9781907284991.023","url":null,"abstract":"In order to achieve fertilization sperm cells, first need to successfully interact with the zona pellucida. To this end, the sperm surface is extensively remodeled during capacitation and the resulting sperm cells also possess hyperactivated motility. Together, this serves to mediate optimal recognition of the zona pellucida in the oviduct or after in vitro fertilization incubations (primary zona pellucida binding). When the sperm cell attaches to the zona pellucida, it will be triggered to undergo the acrosome reaction which allows the hyperactivated motile sperm cell to drill through the zona pellucida (secondary zona pellucida binding coinciding with sequential local zona pellucida digestion and rebinding). After successful zona penetration, some sperm cells may enter the perivitelline space. This delaying strategy of the oocyte allows only one sperm cell at a given time to bind and fuse with the oocyte (fertilization) and thus minimizes the risk of polyspermy. The fertilization fusion between the oocyte and the first sperm cell is immediately followed by a polyspermic fertilization block, in which the content of the oocyte's cortical granules is released into the perivitelline space. The cortical reaction blocks further sperm-oocyte fusion either by sticking at the oolemma or by the induction of a biochemical reaction of the zona pellucida (zona pellucida hardening). The cortical reaction thus blocks sperm-zona pellucida binding and/or sperm-zona pellucida penetration. This review summarizes the current understanding of sperm-zona pellucida interactions in relation to mammalian fertilization. The lack of knowledge about sperm-zona pellucida binding in ruminants will be critically discussed.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 ","pages":"267-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30005665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Ruminant reproduction: recent findings and future challenges, a summary. 反刍动物繁殖:最近的发现和未来的挑战，总结。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.5661/RDR-VII-1

E. Inskeep

{"title":"Ruminant reproduction: recent findings and future challenges, a summary.","authors":"E. Inskeep","doi":"10.5661/RDR-VII-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5661/RDR-VII-1","url":null,"abstract":"This conference has provided a valuable update on knowledge of reproductive physiology, and its genetic and environmental regulation, in a variety of domesticated and wild ruminants. Researchers have begun to examine genetic factors in model systems such as maturation and capacitation of sperm, follicular selection, maturation and ovulation, and luteal function in pregnant and non-pregnant females, as well as placental development and function. New knowledge of details of these processes reinforces basic concepts of the importance of neuroendocrine regulation of testicular and ovarian function, particularly in regard to roles of steroid hormones in determining fertility. One is struck by the multiplicity of effects of key hormones and the precision of timing of their secretion required for maximum reproductive performance, especially in the lactating female. Greater understanding of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic factors is being obtained and interpretations of \"omics\" data are improving. A greater number of papers included data from use of new genetic and associated \"omics\" technologies than ever before. The elucidation of roles of non-coding RNAs, especially micro-RNAs, is revealing detailed knowledge of regulatory steps in oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Despite numerous steps forward, many mysteries of mechanisms of action in both the male and the female are yet to be solved. We've seen and heard reviews of a series of careful step-by-step analyses of significant questions in reproductive physiology and endocrinology. Sometimes the work has been done by the reviewers and their colleagues. In other cases, more extensive networks of researchers were involved, either as collaborators, building on others' work, or working independently.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70827551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing gene function in the ruminant placenta. 反刍动物胎盘中基因功能的评估。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01

R V Anthony, J D Cantlon, K C Gates, S H Purcell, C M Clay

{"title":"Assessing gene function in the ruminant placenta.","authors":"R V Anthony, J D Cantlon, K C Gates, S H Purcell, C M Clay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The placenta provides the means for nutrient transfer from the mother to the fetus, waste transfer from the fetus to the mother, protection of the fetus from the maternal immune system, and is an active endocrine organ. While many placental functions have been defined and investigated, assessing the function of specific genes expressed by the placenta has been problematic, since classical ablation-replacement methods are not feasible with the placenta. The pregnant sheep has been a long-standing animal model for assessing in vivo physiology during pregnancy, since surgical placement of indwelling catheters into both maternal and fetal vasculature has allowed the assessment of placental nutrient transfer and utilization, as well as placental hormone secretion, under unanesthetized-unstressed steady state sampling conditions. However, in ruminants the lack of well-characterized trophoblast cell lines and the inefficiency of creating transgenic pregnancies in ruminants have inhibited our ability to assess specific gene function. Recently, sheep and cattle primary trophoblast cell lines have been reported, and may further our ability to investigate trophoblast function and transcriptional regulation of genes expressed by the placenta. Furthermore, viral infection of the trophoectoderm layer of hatched blastocysts, as a means for placenta-specific transgenesis, holds considerable potential to assess gene function in the ruminant placenta. This approach has been used successfully to \"knockdown\" gene expression in the developing sheep conceptus, and has the potential for gain-of-function experiments as well. While this technology is still being developed, it may provide an efficient approach to assess specific gene function in the ruminant placenta.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 ","pages":"119-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30004556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creating new knowledge for ruminant reproduction from rapidly expanding and evolving scientific databases. 从快速扩展和发展的科学数据库中为反刍动物繁殖创造新的知识。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01

S Bauersachs, H Blum, S Krebs, T Fröhlich, G J Arnold, E Wolf

{"title":"Creating new knowledge for ruminant reproduction from rapidly expanding and evolving scientific databases.","authors":"S Bauersachs, H Blum, S Krebs, T Fröhlich, G J Arnold, E Wolf","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Declining fertility is a major problem for the dairy industry. Recent developments of Omics-technologies facilitate a comprehensive analysis of molecular patters in gametes, embryos and tissues of the reproductive tract which may help to identify the reasons for impaired fertility. Large Omics-datasets require appropriate bioinformatics analysis in the context of rapidly expanding and evolving scientific databases. This overview summarizes the current status of ruminant genome projects, describes currently existing resources for ruminant genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics as well as databases and tools for the interpretation and exploitation of transcriptomics and proteomics datasets. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analyses are strategies for the identification of regulatory genes. In general, the comprehensive analysis of molecular traits by Omics-technologies can enhance the interpretation of genome-wide association studies, providing insights into the biological pathways linking genotype and phenotype, and their modulation by endogenous and environmental factors.","PeriodicalId":87420,"journal":{"name":"Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement","volume":"67 ","pages":"29-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30005201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unique strategies to control reproduction in camels. 控制骆驼繁殖的独特策略。

Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.7313/upo9781907284991.036

J A Skidmore, K M Morton, M Billah

引用次数: 12