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Automation and efficiency: a latent class analysis of Irish dairy farms 自动化与效率：爱尔兰奶牛场的潜在阶级分析
Q open Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad015
Luis Garcia-Covarrubias, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, F. Thorne
{"title":"Automation and efficiency: a latent class analysis of Irish dairy farms","authors":"Luis Garcia-Covarrubias, D. Läpple, E. Dillon, F. Thorne","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Automation has always played a significant role in the productivity and efficiency of agriculture. This paper explores the role of automation on farms' technical efficiency (TE) in an expanding dairy sector. We use a representative sample of Irish dairy farms that includes detailed data on automated technologies. We apply a latent class stochastic frontier model to assess technology heterogeneity amongst Irish dairy farms to obtain their TE scores. We identify two classes of farms: smaller, less intensive and larger, more intensive farms. We find significant differences between the classes in relation to farm characteristics, input use, labour efficiency and TE scores. Larger, more intensive farms produce closer to their stochastic frontier. Our findings also suggest that automation has a heterogeneous effect on farms' TE depending on farms' classification. Specifically, adopting automated cluster removers and scrapers is associated with higher TE on smaller, less intensive farms. In contrast, automated parlour feeders is positively associated with larger, more intensive farms' TE. Finally, the implications of adopting automated technologies on Irish farms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Healthy Food Traditions? Nutritional Quality and Food Composition of EU Geographical Indications 健康的饮食传统?欧盟地理标志的营养质量和食品成分
Q open Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad014
Gero Laurenz Höhn, Martijn Huysmans, C. Crombez
{"title":"Healthy Food Traditions? Nutritional Quality and Food Composition of EU Geographical Indications","authors":"Gero Laurenz Höhn, Martijn Huysmans, C. Crombez","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The EU's “Farm to Fork” strategy aims to promote healthier diets that include more nutritious and natural foods instead of ultra-processed products. Although several producers of geographical indication (GI) foods such as Parma ham advertise their products as artisanal and healthy, little is known yet about whether GIs can contribute to these ambitions. Therefore, we examine the nutritional quality and food composition of GIs compared to non-GIs. We analyse more than 6,000 cheeses and prepared meats marketed in France. We find that in these food categories GIs are associated with lower nutritional quality based on the Nutri-Score metric. Thus, GI regulations may need to facilitate health-driven product reformulations. On the positive side, we find that GIs in the considered dairy and meat categories tend to be less likely to contain food additives and to be ultra-processed. However, this seems to be truer for Protected Designations of Origin than Protected Geographical Indications. Hence, harmonised additive rules could strengthen the natural character of GIs.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42356188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stimulating risk averse farmers to adopt microbial applications 鼓励不愿冒险的农民采用微生物应用
Q open Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad011
A. Tensi, Frederic Ang
{"title":"Stimulating risk averse farmers to adopt microbial applications","authors":"A. Tensi, Frederic Ang","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Increasing agricultural production while decreasing its impact on the environment is a global challenge. Sustainable innovations, such as microbial applications, can play an important role in this light. However, risk averse farmers are often reluctant to adopt such innovations. In this study, we investigate i) the relationship between risk attitude and farmers’ intention to adopt microbial applications and ii) the effectiveness of an informational video to stimulate the adoption. In July 2020, 98 Dutch arable farmers have participated in an online survey with an experiment. In the experiment, half of the farmers have watched an informational video on microbial applications, while the other half was a clean control without receiving information. Then, all farmers are assigned a monetarily incentivised standard Multiple Price List (MPL) and a payoff-varying MPL lottery game to assess the relationship between innovation adoption and risk attitudes. We find evidence that the video has a significant effect on farmers’ intention to adopt microbial applications. Further, our results suggest that the intention to use microbial applications can be influenced by farmers’ risk attitude.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44825495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The price penalty on meat substitutes - consumers prefer reduced meat portions over novel meat alternatives and authentic vegetarian dishes—final stage of a registered report 对肉类替代品的价格处罚——消费者更喜欢减少肉类分量，而不是新颖的肉类替代品和正宗的素食——一份注册报告的最后阶段
Q open Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad009
D. Lemken, N. Langen
{"title":"The price penalty on meat substitutes - consumers prefer reduced meat portions over novel meat alternatives and authentic vegetarian dishes—final stage of a registered report","authors":"D. Lemken, N. Langen","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to growing health and environmental problems related to the overconsumption of meat in western diets, we investigated consumer demand for dishes that reduce or replace beef with: (1) plant-based products that mimic the functionality and taste, (2) authentic plant-based ingredients that just mimic the functionality and (3) halved beef portion sizes. We implemented a peer-reviewed and pre-registered (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252675) conjoint experiment to elicit the WTP across three popular beef dishes and three reduction options each. The conjoint experiment includes the dish configuration, waiting-time, CO2-information, and an individually adapted price vector (IACBC), where the prices depend on previous choices. Consumers favoured the reduced portion sizes when faced with the meat reduction task. This reduction preference is even more prevalent among regular consumers of the meat dish, i.e. consumers with relevant consumption habits to reconsider. We discuss strategies to reformulate meat dishes that are particularly promising with the current bulk market and address regular meat eaters.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47205386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consumer research on bioplastics: a systematic review 消费者对生物塑料的研究:系统综述
Q open Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad013
R. Weinrich, Carsten Herbes
{"title":"Consumer research on bioplastics: a systematic review","authors":"R. Weinrich, Carsten Herbes","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bioplastics have gained increasing importance in academia and industry. However, a key to market success is consumer acceptance and use of such bioplastics. In the present review we analyze 34 papers with a focus on B2C consumer research following the PRISMA protocol. We evaluated the papers quantitatively by using a category system and carried out a qualitative content analysis. Attitudes and values were the most-researched consumer-related factors with the clearest effect on consumer behavior while socio-demographics showed no or little effect. Product-related factors were mostly related to material and its geographic origin, price and certification. The recommendations from the literature were: educate consumers, raise their awareness and use labels. The role of policy makers is mainly seen in standard-setting. We call for studies that take a cross-national and cross-product perspective, cover products beyond packaging, include China, India and other developing countries, use qualitative designs and make attempts at theory-building.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46406955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Coordinated carbon taxes or tightened NDCs: Distributional implications of two options for climate negotiations 协调碳税或收紧NDCs：气候谈判的两种选择的分配影响
Q open Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad012
{"title":"Coordinated carbon taxes or tightened NDCs: Distributional implications of two options for climate negotiations","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Concerns about fairness among countries remain significant obstacles to a stronger global climate treaty. This paper addresses the distributional implications of two mechanisms to strengthen the Paris Agreement, the incorporation of national carbon pricing, and the tightening of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Both are found to be viable mechanisms. They are also less extreme, and therefore more acceptable, than both grandfathering, which favors the most fossil-intensive economies, and equal per capita allocation, which favors low-income countries that use less fossil fuel. However, compensatory funding for developing countries will also be needed at scale. An analysis of the ambitiousness of current climate policies shows a broad range of outcomes: the more ambitious NDCs have emission levels below either the per capita or grandfathering levels, and sometimes both. However, some NDCs, especially those tabled by the largest emitters, are severely lacking in ambition.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consumers’ Willingness to Accept Gene-Edited Fruit—An Application to Quality Traits for Fresh Table Grapes 消费者对基因编辑水果的接受意愿——新鲜鲜食葡萄品质性状的应用
Q open Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad008
Azhar Uddin, R Karina Gallardo, Bradley Rickard, Julian Alston, Olena Sambucci
{"title":"Consumers’ Willingness to Accept Gene-Edited Fruit—An Application to Quality Traits for Fresh Table Grapes","authors":"Azhar Uddin, R Karina Gallardo, Bradley Rickard, Julian Alston, Olena Sambucci","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the increasing number of applications in agriculture of gene editing, specifically CRISPR, it is important to understand consumers' perceptions of this breeding technology. We estimate consumers’ willingness to pay for selected quality attributes of table grapes developed using either conventional breeding or CRISPR. Results show that the willingness to pay values for the selected table grape attributes were ranked in the same order for both breeding technologies. We found a slight discount in the overall willingness to pay for table grapes produced using CRISPR compared with conventional breeding, but this discount was neither economically nor statistically significant. Our findings highlight consumers’ preferences for eating-experience attributes—e.g. sweetness and crispness. Results in this study advance the understanding of consumers’ perceptions, contributing to strategies for promoting broader acceptance of CRISPR in the marketplace.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135000271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk management under climate change and its implication on technical efficiency: Evidence from Senegal 气候变化下的风险管理及其对技术效率的影响:来自塞内加尔的证据
Q open Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad006
Peron A Collins-Sowah, Kougblenou C Adjin, Christian H C A Henning, Edmond A Kanu
{"title":"Risk management under climate change and its implication on technical efficiency: Evidence from Senegal","authors":"Peron A Collins-Sowah, Kougblenou C Adjin, Christian H C A Henning, Edmond A Kanu","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using empirical data from a nationally representative farm household survey in Senegal, this study evaluated the impact of different risk management strategies employed by farm households on technical efficiency. The findings of the study suggest that risk management has implications for technical efficiency. We find that the use of ex-post risk management strategies is associated with relatively higher technical efficiencies with respect to the meta-frontier compared to other risk management strategies. Households employing only ex-ante risk management strategies were observed to be the least technically efficient in comparison to households employing other risk management strategies. The findings also suggest that managing production risks using multiple strategies does not necessarily result in the highest technical efficiency gain compared to the use of single strategies. The findings underscore the need to evaluate the trade-offs and likely consequences of risk management approaches used by farm households to provide countermeasures to deal with any adverse related effects.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135135802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Farmers’ preference for digital credit: Does the delivery channel matter? 农民对数字信贷的偏好:配送渠道重要吗?
Q open Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad007
Yaw Sarfo, Oliver Musshoff, Ron Weber, Michael Danne
{"title":"Farmers’ preference for digital credit: Does the delivery channel matter?","authors":"Yaw Sarfo, Oliver Musshoff, Ron Weber, Michael Danne","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous studies highlight the limited credit access for farmers compared to non-agricultural firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. A new innovation which has the potential to serve the financing needs of farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa is digital credit. However, empirical studies on farmers’ preferences for digital credit is limited. Formal financial institutions and mobile network operators are two different delivery channels for digital credit with different loan characteristics. We apply a discrete choice experiment to investigate smallholder farmers’ preferences for digital credit in Madagascar. Our results show that digital credit is more attractive for farmers if it offers a lower interest rate per month, longer loan duration, and flexible repayment conditions adapted to farmers’ production needs. Our results highlight the potential of digital credit for rural farmers if mobile network operators could provide digital credit with longer loan maturities and formal financial institutions could offer digital credit with more flexible repayment conditions.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135035392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Reducing feed-food competition with direct payments? An ex-ante assessment of economic and environmental impacts 通过直接支付减少饲料食品竞争？经济和环境影响的事前评估
Q open Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1093/qopen/qoad002
M. Bystricky, Daniel Bretscher, F. Schori, G. Mack
{"title":"Reducing feed-food competition with direct payments? An ex-ante assessment of economic and environmental impacts","authors":"M. Bystricky, Daniel Bretscher, F. Schori, G. Mack","doi":"10.1093/qopen/qoad002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoad002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Worldwide, feed-food competition for arable land is of rising concern. Swiss agricultural policy wants to promote grass-based cattle feeding through a voluntary direct payment program that is currently being revised. The current version of the program requires a minimum share of 75–85 per cent grass-based feed in the yearly rations for ruminants. The revision suggests financial compensation for using concentrates with limited crude protein (CP) content at different levels (18 per cent, 12 per cent, or 0 per cent CP) without limiting the amount of concentrates. In a multimodel approach, we investigated the adoption rate of the new program, and its effect on feed-food competition and environmental indicators at the national scale for Switzerland. We found that the less strict the requirements are regarding the protein content of concentrate feeds, the more cattle farmers will adopt the new program for protein-reduced concentrate feeding. We further found that, compared to the current version of the program, the revised program could have the opposite or none of the intended effects regarding feed-food competition and environmental indicators. Only banning the use of concentrates altogether moves the environmental indicators in the intended direction for the farms participating in the program. This study shows that ex-ante evaluations are important to expose ineffectual policy measures and improve their design before introducing new direct payment programs.","PeriodicalId":87350,"journal":{"name":"Q open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45430199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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