Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Hemispheric Asymmetry of Development Due to Drug Exposure.","authors":"Harold W Gordon","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A previous survey of the literature of fMRI brain activation for two risk factors, impulsivity and craving, for addiction were lateralized to the right and left hemispheres respectively. Most articles reported these findings without consideration of how lateral asymmetries might be relevant to understanding the underlying factors leading to addiction.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current survey is intended to extend these observations by demonstrating hemispheric asymmetry of development due to pre-natal or adolescent/adult exposure to drugs of abuse.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Articles that reported either pre-natal or adolescent/adult exposure to drugs of abuse were collected and the hemisphere of the affected structures was tabulated to determine if, and which, drugs affected more structures in one hemisphere or the other or both together.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some drugs, notably cocaine and alcohol, differentially affected left or right hemisphere structures which significantly differed depending on whether individuals were exposed prenatally or as an adolescent/adult. Cocaine tended to affect more left hemisphere structures when exposed prenatally and significantly affected more in the right when exposed as adults. Alcohol had the reverse pattern. The difference in patterns of effect between pre-natal or adult exposure was significant for both.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results in this survey demonstrate that some drugs of abuse appear to have a right/left differential effect on structures of the brain. Further investigation into the reasons for this asymmetry may provide new insights into underlying factors of drug-seeking and addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5502763/pdf/nihms873856.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35165095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between Eye Movements during Sentence Reading Comprehension, Word Spelling and Reading, and DTI and fmri Connectivity In Students with and without Dysgraphia or Dyslexia.","authors":"Kevin Yagle,&nbsp;Todd Richards,&nbsp;Katie Askren,&nbsp;Zoe Mestre,&nbsp;Scott Beers,&nbsp;Robert Abbott,&nbsp;William Nagy,&nbsp;Peter Boord,&nbsp;Virginia Berninger","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While eye movements were recorded and brains scanned, 29 children with and without specific learning disabilities (SLDs) decided if sentences they read (half with only correctly spelled words and half with homonym foils) were meaningful. Significant main effects were found for diagnostic groups (non-SLD control, dysgraphia control, and dyslexia) in total fixation (dwell) time, total number of fixations, and total regressions in during saccades; the dyslexia group had longer and more fixations and made more regressions in during saccades than either control group. The dyslexia group also differed from both control groups in (a) fractional anisotropy in left optic radiation and (b) silent word reading fluency on a task in which surrounding letters can be distracting, consistent with Rayner's selective attention dyslexia model. Different profiles for non-SLD control, dysgraphia, and dyslexia groups were identified in correlations between total fixation time, total number of fixations, regressions in during saccades, magnitude of gray matter connectivity during the fMRI sentence reading comprehension from left occipital temporal cortex seed with right BA44 and from left inferior frontal gyrus with right inferior frontoccipital fasciculus, and normed word-specific spelling and silent word reading fluency measures. The dysgraphia group was more likely than the non-SLD control or dyslexia groups to show negative correlations between eye movement outcomes and sentences containing incorrect homonym foils. Findings are discussed in reference to a systems approach in future sentence reading comprehension research that integrates eye movement, brain, and literacy measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5604484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35535310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-government of complex reading and writing brains informed by cingulo-opercular network for adaptive control and working memory components for language learning.","authors":"Todd L Richards, Robert D Abbott, Kevin Yagle, Dan Peterson, Wendy Raskind, Virginia W Berninger","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000173","DOIUrl":"10.15761/JSIN.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand mental self-government of the developing reading and writing brain, correlations of clustering coefficients on fMRI reading or writing tasks with BASC 2 Adaptivity ratings (time 1 only) or working memory components (time 1 before and time 2 after instruction previously shown to improve achievement and change magnitude of fMRI connectivity) were investigated in 39 students in grades 4 to 9 who varied along a continuum of reading and writing skills. A Philips 3T scanner measured connectivity during six leveled fMRI reading tasks (subword-letters and sounds, word-word-specific spellings or affixed words, syntax comprehension-with and without homonym foils or with and without affix foils, and text comprehension) and three fMRI writing tasks-writing next letter in alphabet, adding missing letter in word spelling, and planning for composing. The Brain Connectivity Toolbox generated clustering coefficients based on the cingulo-opercular (CO) network; after controlling for multiple comparisons and movement, significant fMRI connectivity clustering coefficients for CO were identified in 8 brain regions bilaterally (cingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, cingulum-cingulate gyrus, and cingulum-hippocampus). <i>BASC2 Parent Ratings for Adaptivity</i> were correlated with CO clustering coefficients on three reading tasks (letter-sound, word affix judgments and sentence comprehension) and one writing task (writing next letter in alphabet). Before instruction, each behavioral working memory measure (phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax coding, phonological and orthographic loops for integrating internal language and output codes, and supervisory focused and switching attention) correlated significantly with at least one CO clustering coefficient. After instruction, the patterning of correlations changed with new correlations emerging. Results show that the reading and writing brain's mental government, supported by both CO Adaptive Control and multiple working memory components, had changed in response to instruction during middle childhood/early adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5863741/pdf/nihms950037.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35946051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role for infarct volume as a surrogate measure of functional outcome following ischemic stroke.","authors":"Ryan C Turner,&nbsp;Kenneth DiPasquale,&nbsp;Aric F Logsdon,&nbsp;Zhenjun Tan,&nbsp;Zachary J Naser,&nbsp;Jason D Huber,&nbsp;Charles L Rosen,&nbsp;Brandon P Lucke-Wold","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The failed translation of proposed therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke from preclinical to clinical studies has led to increased scrutiny of preclinical studies, namely the model and outcome measures utilized. Preclinical studies routinely use infarct volume as an experimental endpoint or measure in studies employing young-adult, healthy male animals despite the fact that clinically, ischemic stroke is a disease of the elderly and improvements in functional outcome from pre- to post-intervention remains the most widely utilized assessment. The validity of infarct volume as a surrogate measure for functional outcome remains unclear in clinical studies as well as preclinical studies, particularly those utilizing a more clinically relevant aged thromboembolic model. In this work, we will address the relationship between acute and chronic functional outcome and infarct volume using a variety of functional assessments ranging from more simplistic, subjective measurements such as the modified Neurologic Severity Score (mNSS), to more complex, objective measurements such as grip strength and inclined plane.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5347398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34816655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain connectivity associated with cascading levels of language","authors":"T. Richards, William Nagy, R. Abbott, Virginia M. Berninger","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"Typical oral and written language learners (controls) (5 girls, 4 boys) completed fMRI reading judgment tasks (sub-word grapheme-phoneme, word spelling, sentences with and without spelling foils, affixed words, sentences with and without affix foils, and multi-sentence). Analyses identified connectivity within and across adjacent levels (units) of language in reading: from subword to word to syntax in Set I and from word to syntax to multi-sentence in Set II). Typicals were compared to (a) students with dyslexia (6 girls, 10 boys) on the subword and word tasks in Set I related to levels of language impaired in dyslexia, and (b) students with oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD) (3 girls, 2 boys) on the morphology and syntax tasks in Set II, related to levels of language impaired in OWL LD. Results for typical language learners showed that adjacent levels of language in the reading brain share common and unique connectivity. The dyslexia group showed over-connectivity to a greater degree on the imaging tasks related to their levels of language impairments than the OWL LD group who showed under-connectivity to a greater degree than did the dyslexia group on the imaging tasks related to their levels of language impairment. Results for these students in grades 4 to 9 (ages 9 to 14) are discussed in reference to the contribution of patterns of connectivity across levels of language to understanding the nature of persisting dyslexia and dysgraphia despite early intervention.","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67484239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Pro-dopamine regulation (KB220Z™)\" as a long-term therapeutic modality to overcome reduced resting state dopamine tone in opiate/opioid epidemic in America.","authors":"K Blum, F Marcelo, K Dushaj, L Fried, R D Badgaiyan","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000129","DOIUrl":"10.15761/JSIN.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since it is known that relapse, morality, and hospitalizations have been tied to the presence of the Dopamine D2 Receptor A1 allele, as one example, and carriers of this gene variant have a proclivity to favor amino-acid therapy, it seems intuitive that the incorporation of modalities to provide a balance and or restoration of hypodopaminergia should be considered as a front-line tactic to overcome the current American opiate/opioid epidemic, saving millions from death and unwanted locked-in-addiction. If we continue down the prim road path of fighting addiction to narcotics with narcotics, we are doomed to fail. This lesson can also have global interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5421552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34984363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mouse strain as a background for Alzheimer's disease models on the clearance of amyloid-β.","authors":"Hisham Qosa, Amal Kaddoumi","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000123","DOIUrl":"10.15761/JSIN.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Novel animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are relentlessly being developed and existing ones are being fine-tuned; however, these models face multiple challenges associated with the complexity of the disease where most of these models do not reproduce the full phenotypical disease spectrum. Moreover, different AD models express different phenotypes that could affect their validity to recapitulate disease pathogenesis and/or response to a drug. One of the most important and understudied differences between AD models is differences in the phenotypic characteristics of the background species. Here, we used the brain clearance index (BCI) method to investigate the effect of strain differences on the clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) from the brains of four mouse strains. These mouse strains, namely C57BL/6, FVB/N, BALB/c and SJL/J, are widely used as a background for the development of AD mouse models. Findings showed that while Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was comparable between the 4 strains, levels of LRP1, an Aβ clearance protein, was significantly lower in SJL/J mice compared to other mouse strains. Furthermore, these mouse strains showed a significantly different response to rifampicin treatment with regard to Aβ clearance and effect on brain level of its clearance-related proteins. Our results provide for the first time an evidence for strain differences that could affect ability of AD mouse models to recapitulate response to a drug, and opens a new research avenue that requires further investigation to successfully develop mouse models that could simulate clinically important phenotypic characteristics of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963020/pdf/nihms799501.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34331171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of nuclear factor kappa B pathway and reduction of hypothalamic oxytocin following hypothalamic lesions.","authors":"Christian L Roth,&nbsp;Gabrielle D'Ambrosio,&nbsp;Clinton Elfers","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/JSIN.1000114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypothalamic obesity (HO) occurs in patients with tumors and lesions in the medial hypothalamic region. In this study, a hyperphagic rat model of combined medial hypothalamic lesions (CMHL) was used to test which specific inflammatory molecules are involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In order to target specific homeostatic medial hypothalamic nuclei (arcuate, ventromedial, and dorsomedial nuclei), male Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 8 weeks, ~250 g body weight) received four electrolytic lesions or sham surgery. Post-surgery food intake and weight changes were tracked and hypothalamic gene expression for inflammatory molecules as well as anorexigenic peptide oxytocin 7 days and 7 months post-surgery were tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven days post-surgery, average food intake increased by 23%, and body weight gain had increased by 68%. Toll-like 4 receptor/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB)-pathway was specifically activated in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), resulting in 3-fold higher tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, 10-fold higher interleukin (IL) 1-β mRNA levels, and higher expression of suppression of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3, while oxytocin mRNA levels were significantly reduced in CMHL rats versus sham surgery rats 7 days post-surgery. At 7 months, inflammation was less stimulated in MBH of CMHL rats compared to 7 days post-surgery and SOCS 3 as well as oxytocin mRNA levels were comparable between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Medial hypothalamic lesions are associated with strong post-surgery hyperphagia and activation of TLR4/NF-κB-pathway as well as reduced expression of oxytocin in the hypothalamus.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34641916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting Hemispheric Asymmetry to Use in Understanding Brain Diseases.","authors":"Harold W Gordon","doi":"10.15761/JSIN.1000144","DOIUrl":"10.15761/JSIN.1000144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5417540/pdf/nihms828051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34973758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,3-Propanediol binds inside the water-conducting pore of aquaporin 4: Does this efficacious inhibitor have sufficient potency?","authors":"Lili Yu,&nbsp;Oscar D Villarreal,&nbsp;L Laurie Chen,&nbsp;Liao Y Chen","doi":"10.15761/jsin.1000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jsin.1000117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the thirteen types of water channel proteins, aquaporins (AQPs), which play various essential roles in human physiology, AQP4 is richly expressed in cells of the central nervous system and implicated in pathological conditions such as brain edema. Therefore, researchers have been looking for ways to inhibit AQP4's water-conducting function. Many small molecules have been investigated for their interactions with the residues that form the AQP4 channel entry vestibule on the extracellular side and their interruption of waters entering into the conducting pore. Conducting all-atom simulations on the basis of CHARMM 36 force field, we study one such inhibitor, 5-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (AZM), to achieve quantitative agreement between the computed and the experimentally measured values of AZM-AQP4 binding affinity. Using the same method, we examine the possibility of plugging up the AQP4 channel around the Asn-Pro-Ala motifs located near the channel center because a small molecule bound there would totally occlude water conduction through AQP4. We compute the binding affinities of 1,2-ethanediol (EDO) and 1,3-propanediol (PDO) inside the AQP4 conducting pore and identify the specificities of the interactions. The EDO-AQP4 interaction is weak with a dissociation constant of 80 mM. The PDO-AQP4 interaction is rather strong with a dissociation constant of 328 μM, which indicates that PDO is an efficacious AQP4 inhibitor with sufficiently high potency. Considering the fact that PDO is classified by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally safe, we predict that 1,3-propanediol could be an effective drug for brain edema and other AQP4-correlated neurological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":87318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of systems and integrative neuroscience","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4873003/pdf/nihms756080.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34574061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}