Journal of pregnancy and child health最新文献

{"title":"Use of Oral Hypoglycemic Agent in Pregnancy: How far have We Reached?","authors":"Nilanchali Singh, N. Mishra","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000E138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000E138","url":null,"abstract":"The HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group stated that the adverse perinatal outcomes were proportional to hyperglycemia in pregnancy [2]. Hyperglycemia results in complications like fetal hyperinsulinemia, birth trauma and macrosomia. These effects were translated into the adult life which increases the risk of obesity, metabolic syndromes and Type 2 diabetes [3]. Euglycemia ensures favourable outcome in diabetic pregnancies as promoted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and American Diabetes Association thereby assuring maternal well-being and reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes [4,5].","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44212851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Disorders during Pregnancy and Postpartum","authors":"Pallavi Sharma, Nilanchali Singh, A. Tempe, Mahima Malhotra","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy is the most beautiful and memorable time in a woman’s life. Apart from medical and obstetrical challenges it involves a of lot emotional, psychological and social aspects too. Although women having medical and obstetrical disorders commonly seek treatment, psychological problems are often not addressed. A female may continue to live in a state of emotional turmoil and may attribute these changes to the hormonal changes in the body due to pregnancy. Psychiatric disorders which remain untreated can disrupt the social life and can have undesirable effects on fetal and neonatal development, so it becomes important to identify women at risk for developing psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and postpartum and initiate timely management. Although the American College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology recommended strongly considering screening pregnant women for depression in 2006, it is not done as a routine. Recently we came across two interesting cases of ante partum and post-partum mental disorders. Which led us to write a review article on Psychiatric disorders in pregnancy? Let’s review the two cases in brief.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70310527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal Care Utilization and ItâÂÂs Associated Factors in East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tilaye Gudina Terfasa, M. Afework, Freweine Berhe","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antenatal care, is one of the most effective health interventions that can play a significant role in preventing maternal morbidity and mortality especially in under developed world. Information regarding its utilization is crucial to encourage mothers to get Antenatal care and institutional delivery service. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from October to November 2013 in East Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional State. Women aged 15-49 who gave birth in the 12 months prior to the beginning of the study in the selected kebeles/clusters were included in the study. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of each independent variable on ANC use. Results: Among the 770 women included in the study, 443 (57.5%) had at least one antenatal visit. Out of whom 58 (13.1%) had only one, 141 (31.8%) had two antenatal contacts 178 (40.2 %) had three visits, and only 66 (14.9%) had the recommended four or more antenatal visits. Among the potential determinants explored, having taken health education on maternal health [Adjusted OR (aOR)=5.5; 95% CI (3.2, 9.5)]; being above grade eight [aOR=2,8; 95% CI (1.4, 5.5)], grade one to four [aOR=2.3; 95% CI (1.5, 3.5)], grade five to eight [aOR =2.1; 95% CI (1.2, 3.6)]; being husband’s occupation “other than farming” [aOR=1.8; 95% CI (1.2, 2.9)]; and perceived walking time to the nearest health facility being <30 min [aOR=1.7; 95% CI (1.1, 2.5)] were the factors that encourage pregnant mothers to use ANC. Conclusion: This study has witnessed that there was low utilization of ANC services in the study area when compared to the recommended four visits during pregnancy. Hence, health education programs intended to enhance community use of ANC service should be strengthened.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apo-lipoprotein A1 in the Endometria of Patients with Polycystic OvarySyndrome","authors":"O. Abdelfattah, T. MohammedSallam","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This clinical trial aimed at assessing the levels of apo-lipoprotein A1 in the endometria of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Setting: El-Demerdash Hospital, over a 2 years period, between September 2015 and January 2017. Patients: this clinical trial involved 50 patients (age range 20-35 years) arranged into two equal groups. Group I (25 patients) which includes women with PCOS and were collected from the infertility outpatient clinic while group II (25 patients) parous women, they were presented to us due to any cause other than inability to conceive as a control group. Methods: Endometrial brushing was performed to get endometrial samples from all consented women. ELIZA was used to detect the expression of Apo-lipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) in the endometrial samples. Two endometrial samples were gathered from every patient, the first one was collected when the largest ovarian follicle is ≥ 20 mm (proliferative phase) while the second one was collected 5 days following the first one (secretory phase). Results: Interestingly, endometria of infertile women with PCOS had expressed apo-lipoprotein A1 in higher levels than the endometria of infertile women. Also, this study proved that the expression of this protein was more in the proliferative rather than secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (P value<0.05). Conclusion: It is apparent that there is an inverse relationship between apo-lipoprotein A1 and the degree of receptivity of the endometria in women with PCOS. Also, this clinical trial found a fluctuation of the level of this protein all through the menstrual cycle, being higher in the proliferative phase and less in the secretory phase when the endometrium is receptive for embryos (window of implantation).","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlation between Fetal Fibronectin, Bacterial Vaginosis and Cervical Length in Prediction of Preterm Labour","authors":"Ahmed Ibrahim Elkhadary, Emad El-Temamy, Ehab Hasanen, E. ELhelw, A. Serour, N. F. Esmael","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the cervical length (CL), fetal fibronectin (fFN) in the cervicovaginal secretion and Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection in prediction of labor in women with threatened preterm labor (TPTL). Patients and methods: One hundred women (100) with TPTL included in this prospective study, which conducted in AL-AZHAR University, department of obstetrics and gynecology after approval of the study by the institute ethical committee and after informed consent. Women included in the study subjected to through history, general and abdominal examinations followed by collection of cervico-vaginal fluid sample for fFN assay, vaginal swab for detection of BV and TVS assessment of the cervical length. Collected data regarding, the cervical length, fFN and BV statistically analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the cervical length, fFN and BV in prediction of labor in women with TPTL. Results: fFN had 86.6% sensitivity, 55.5% specificity, 52% PPV, 88.2% NPV and 64.2% accuracy for detection of labor within one week and the CL measured by TVS had 94.4% sensitivity, 77.7% specificity, 73.9% PPV, 95.4% NPV and 48.4% accuracy for detection of PTL within one week. Sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were higher for the CL than fFN for detection of PTL within one week. However, the accuracy was better for fFN than the cervical length measured by TVS (64.2% versus 48.4%). Conclusion: fFN concentration in the cervico-vaginal secretion and CL measured by TVS were good predictors for PTL in women with TPTL. The CL at 25 mm cut-off between 28 and 35 weeks gestation had high sensitivity, high positive and negative predictive values than fFN in prediction of PTL, while the fFN was more accurate than the CL.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43024065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Infection Complications during Childhood","authors":"D. Pereira, Marina Oliveira Martins, L. Marques, H. Machado","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 2.1 million children under the age of 15 were infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in 2015. The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) has changed the natural history of Patients infected with HIV. Chronic diseases associated with HIV infection have taken a more prominent role in relation to acute infections. This literature review aims to systematize the complications associated with HIV infection in the pediatric age (defined by the WHO as that between birth and 19 years) in two large groups: infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases. In the group of infectious diseases, it is intended to emphasize the most prevalent infections in the pediatric age, while in the group of non-infectious diseases we aim to present the main complications by organs and systems. The search engine used to conduct the search was the PubMed and The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. In this paper, HIV infection is treated as a systemic infection, with the direct consequences of infection per se and the indirect consequences associated with the introduction of CART. The main complications are infectious, mucocutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, nephrological, gastrointestinal, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmologic, endocrinological and neoplastic, as well as immune reconstitution syndrome associated with CART. In conclusion, the pediatric complications associated with HIV infection vary with the immunosuppression state, the transmission route, the age at infection contraction and at the introduction of CAR and the geographical location of the infected children. CART decreased the incidence of opportunistic infections and neoplasms, but paradoxically is associated with an increased incidence of immune reconstitution syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and lipodystrophy. Early detection of complications improves the quality of life of the pediatric population. Thus, the research and training of health professionals who accompany them is crucial.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is IVF/ICSI with Fresh Embryo Transfer Associated with Higher Mean Singleton Birth Weight Compared to Spontaneous Conception?","authors":"K. Neumann, C. Cirkel, D. Beyer","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To investigate for differences in birth weight between singletons born after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fresh embryo transfer versus singletons born after spontaneous conception. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of singleton live birth weight after IVF or ICSI with fresh embryo transfer and live birth weight of singletons born after spontaneous conception during a twelve years period in a German university hospital. Patients were treated at the fertility unit of the university hospital. Inclusion criteria were defined as singleton delivery, delivery after spontaneous conception and fresh embryo transfer after IVF/ICSI treatment. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the dependent variable z-score (fetal birth weight) and the independent predictor variables maternal age and way of conception (spontaneous conception versus conception after IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer). Results: In total, 6,786 singleton live births met the inclusion criteria and were analysed: 276 live births (151 males/125 females) after IVF/ICSI with fresh transfer and 6,510 live births after spontaneous conception (3,125 male/3,385 female). Mean z-score was -0.11 (± 0.92) for IVF/ICSI and fresh embryo transfer and 0.009 (± 0.9) for spontaneous conception. Z-scores depicted no inter-group differences (p=0.295). Multivariate regression analysis indicated way of conception (conception after IVF/ICSI and fresh transfer and spontaneous conception) but not maternal age as significant predictor of fetal birth weight. Conclusion: There is no association between IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfer and mean singleton birth weight compared to birth weight after spontaneous conception.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43989374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term Survival and Morbidity of Extremely premature Infants Born between 20 Weeks and 24 Weeks+6 Days Gestation","authors":"S. Alouini, Rason, rianina Bienvenue Solange, Anna Ramos, N. Ayass, R. Rado, riamboavonjy","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of extremely premature infants (EPIs) born between 20 weeks and 24 weeks+6 days gestation at hospital discharge. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included all extremely preterm births between 2006 and 2012 at a tertiary maternity care centre with a neonatal intensive care unit. Results: Seventy-eight EPIs were born during the study period out of 30,000 deliveries (0.26%). Thirty-nine EPIs (50%) survived and had a mean length of hospital stay of 43 days. The mean weight of EPIs was 723 ± 179 g. The rate of survival of EPIs increases with gestational age. Forty-nine EPIs (62%) exhibited neonatal respiratory distress (NNRD), which evolved into a bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 28 cases (35%); 33 EPIs (42%) had a maternofetal infection, while 20 (26%) experienced ventricular hemorrhage. Ten EPI (13%) displayed enterocolitis and 17 (22%) had retinopathy. No EPIs born before 22 weeks gestation survived Twenty-four EPIs left the hospital with their mothers after being scheduled for a routine paediatric follow-up visit and 15 were transferred to another hospital: 10 for surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus and 5 to be closer to their mothers. Conclusion: The survival rates of EPIs between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation are high. NNRD, infections, and neurological and retinal complications were the main causes of morbidity. The results of this active management study of extremely preterm births were satisfactory at the short follow-up visits. Antenatal corticosteroids and magnesium sulfate administration should be discussed beginning at 22 weeks of gestation.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49602585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal Outcome in Patients with Isolated Oligohydramnios at Term: AProspective Study","authors":"E. Mushtaq, S. Parveen, F. Shaheen, Sami Jan, A. Abdullah, Y. Lone","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000332","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the perinatal outcome in patients with isolated oligohydramnios. Design: A prospective study. Sample: 146 patients had isolated oligohydramnios. These were compared with those having AFI>5 cm (n=500). Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November 2012 to November 2014. Patients were divided into two groups (AFI>50 mm and ≤ 50 mm). The study inclusion criteria were women with singleton pregnancy at 36-42 weeks gestational age (GA) and women sure of the gestational age. Main outcome measures: Abnormal non-stress test, obstetric intervention for fetal distress, Apgar score, meconium stained liquor and NICU admission. Results: The two groups were similar with regard to maternal age, parity and mean gestational age. Isolated oligohydramnios was associated with higher rate of induction of labour (68.49% vs. 21.8%, p<0.001), nonreassuring fetal heart rate (45.20% vs. 13.2%, p<0.001), cesarean section for fetal distress (51.61% vs. 28.47%, p<0.001), meconium stained amniotic fluid (32.2% vs. 21.6%, p=0.008). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of Apgar score at 1 min, NICU admissions and stillbirths. Conclusion: Isolated oligohydramnios is associated with increased risk of obstetric interventions particularly due to fetal distress. Nonetheless, fetal distress due to oligohydramnios did not lead to increased risk for low Apgar, NICU admissions, stillbirths. This may be reflective of aggressive intrapartum management that these patients received.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2376-127X.1000332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41464652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Food Behaviour and Nutritional Status of Pregnant WomenResident in Keserwan","authors":"Cynthia Zgheib, J. Matta, Y. Sacre","doi":"10.4172/2376-127X.1000331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-127X.1000331","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy, this particular moment in the life of a woman, requires monitoring of eating behaviour changes. However the food choices during pregnancy should be healthy, including the consumption of different food groups, and nutritional status is the process of acquisition and consumption of food. So a varied diet is associated with good nutritional status. This is why the nutrition education is a strategy commonly applied to improve maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Therefore, it is crucial to assess \"the eating behaviour and nutritional status of pregnant women living in Keserwan.\" The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feeding behaviour, nutritional status and level of awareness of pregnant women residing in Keserwan. A cross-sectional descriptive study is carried out, two main types of research instruments. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic, personal information, questions on eating behaviour, food frequency and nutritional education. As well as laboratory tests already done by pregnant women. The total sample surveyed included 150 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 40 years randomly selected from the hospitals and clinics of the Keserwan gynaecologists and allocated in an equitable manner between two regions chosen according to altitude. The final analysis led to the results obtained 48.7% of pregnant women are aged 30 to 40 years, 56% have a normal BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, 80.7% have acceptable food behaviour, 68% have an acceptable level of awareness and half have an acceptable nutritional status. Thus, age affects the eating behaviour, so more women that are pregnant are older plus they have good eating behaviour. It would be possible to institute an awarenessraising program in the aim of increasing the level of education of pregnant women with regard to eating behaviour and nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":87313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pregnancy and child health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43518668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}