Behavioral and Brain Functions最新文献

{"title":"Optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons prevents neuroinflammation and neuropsychiatric manifestations in pristane induced lupus mice.","authors":"Yang Yun,&nbsp;Xuejiao Wang,&nbsp;Jingyi Xu,&nbsp;Jingyu Chen,&nbsp;Xueru Wang,&nbsp;Pingting Yang,&nbsp;Ling Qin","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00213-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00213-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroinflammation has been identified as one of the primary pathogenic factors of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). However, there are no dedicated treatments available in clinics to alleviate neuroinflammation in NPSLE. It has been proposed that stimulating basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons may provide potent anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory diseases, but its potential role in NPSLE remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate whether and how stimulating BF cholinergic neurons has a protective effect on NPSLE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optogenetic stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons significantly ameliorated olfactory dysfunction and anxiety- and depression-like phenotype in pristane induced lupus (PIL) mice. The increased expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)), leukocyte recruitment, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage were significantly decreased. Notably, the brain histopathological changes, including the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall and lipofuscin accumulation in the cortical and hippocampal neurons, were also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, we confirmed the colocalization between the BF cholinergic projections and the cerebral vessels, and the expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on the cerebral vessels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicate that stimulation of BF cholinergic neurons could play a neuroprotective role in the brain through its cholinergic anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral vessels. Therefore, this may be a promising preventive target for NPSLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10268425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9658945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative genetic score of KIAA0319 affects reading ability in Chinese children: moderation by parental education and mediation by rapid automatized naming.","authors":"Jingjing Zhao,&nbsp;Qing Yang,&nbsp;Chen Cheng,&nbsp;Zhengjun Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00212-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00212-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>KIAA0319, a well-studied candidate gene, has been shown to be associated with reading ability and developmental dyslexia. In the present study, we investigated whether KIAA0319 affects reading ability by interacting with the parental education level and whether rapid automatized naming (RAN), phonological awareness and morphological awareness mediate the relationship between KIAA0319 and reading ability. A total of 2284 Chinese children from primary school grades 3 and 6 participated in this study. Chinese character reading accuracy and word reading fluency were used as measures of reading abilities. The cumulative genetic risk score (CGS) of 13 SNPs in KIAA0319 was calculated. Results revealed interaction effect between CGS of KIAA0319 and parental education level on reading fluency. The interaction effect suggested that individuals with a low CGS of KIAA0319 were better at reading fluency in a positive environment (higher parental educational level) than individuals with a high CGS. Moreover, the interaction effect coincided with the differential susceptibility model. The results of the multiple mediator model revealed that RAN mediates the impact of the genetic cumulative effect of KIAA0319 on reading abilities. These findings provide evidence that KIAA0319 is a risk vulnerability gene that interacts with environmental factor to impact reading abilities and demonstrate the reliability of RAN as an endophenotype between genes and reading associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-hippocampal cis-P tau microinjection induces long-term changes in behavior and synaptic plasticity in mice.","authors":"Bakhtiarzadeh Fatemeh,&nbsp;Shahpasand Koorosh,&nbsp;Shojaei Amir,&nbsp;Fathollahi Yaghoub,&nbsp;Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00211-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00211-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by an abnormal high accumulation of cis-P tau. However, the long-term changes in behavior following tau accumulation remains under debate. The present study investigated the long-term effects of tauopathy on learning and memory, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal cell numbers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cis-P tau was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus to generate Alzheimer's like-disease model in C57BL/6 mice. Cis-P tau injected animals showed a significant impairment in learning and memory in Y-maze and Barnes maze tests. In another group of animals, the generation of long-term potentiation (LTP) was evaluated in hippocampal slices 7 months after cis-P tau injection. LTP induction was disrupted only in the dorsal but not ventral hippocampal slices. The basal synaptic transmission was also reduced in dorsal hippocampal slices. In addition, hippocampal sampling was done, and the number of cells was assessed by Nissl staining. Obtained results indicated that the number of survived cells was significantly reduced in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus of cis P-tau injected animals compared to the animals in control group. However, the decrement of cell number was higher in the dorsal compared to the ventral hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, intra-hippocampal cis-P tau injection produced learning and memory impairment at 7 months after its injection. This impairment might result from LTP disruption and a significant decrease in the number of neurons in the dorsal hippocampus.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10210374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9901875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oleoylethanolamide attenuates cocaine-primed reinstatement and alters dopaminergic gene expression in the striatum.","authors":"Macarena González-Portilla,&nbsp;Susana Mellado,&nbsp;Sandra Montagud-Romero,&nbsp;Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca,&nbsp;María Pascual,&nbsp;Marta Rodríguez-Arias","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00210-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00210-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been shown to affect reward-related behavior. However, there is limited experimental evidence about the specific neurotransmission systems OEA may be affecting to exert this modulatory effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of OEA on the rewarding properties of cocaine and relapse-related gene expression in the striatum and hippocampus. For this purpose, we evaluated male OF1 mice on a cocaine-induced CPP procedure (10 mg/kg) and after the corresponding extinction sessions, we tested drug-induced reinstatement. The effects of OEA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated at three different timepoints: (1) Before each cocaine conditioning session (OEA-C), (2) Before extinction sessions (OEA-EXT) and (3) Before the reinstatement test (OEA-REINST). Furthermore, gene expression changes in dopamine receptor D1 gene, dopamine receptor D2 gene, opioid receptor µ, cannabinoid receptor 1, in the striatum and hippocampus were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results obtained in the study showed that OEA administration did not affect cocaine CPP acquisition. However, mice receiving different OEA treatment schedules (OEA-C, OEA-EXT and OEA-REINST) failed to display drug-induced reinstatement. Interestingly, the administration of OEA blocked the increase of dopamine receptor gene D1 in the striatum and hippocampus caused by cocaine exposure. In addition, OEA-treated mice exhibited reduced striatal dopamine receptor gene D2 and cannabinoid receptor 1. Together, these findings suggest that OEA may be a promising pharmacological agent in the treatment of cocaine use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10207629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9529261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome improves autophagy dysfunction and Aβ disposition in APP/PS1 mice.","authors":"Xuewang Li,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Liu Yang,&nbsp;Xianan Dong,&nbsp;Yuli Han,&nbsp;Yong Su,&nbsp;Weiping Li,&nbsp;Weizu Li","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00209-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00209-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing evidence has shown that the NOD-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome is associated with Aβ generation and deposition, which contributes to neuronal damage and neuronal-inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism of NLRP1 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. It has been reported that autophagy dysfunction can aggravate the pathological symptoms of AD and plays an important role in regulating Aβ generation and clearance. We hypothesized that NLRP1 inflammasome activation may induce autophagy dysfunction contributing to the progression of AD. In the present study, we observed the relationship between Aβ generation and NLRP1 inflammasome activation, as well as AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction in WT 9-month-old (M) mice, APP/PS1 6 M and APP/PS1 9 M mice. Additionally, we further studied the effect of NLRP1 knockdown on cognitive function, Aβ generation, neuroinflammation and AMPK/mTOR mediated autophagy in APP/PS1 9 M mice. Our results indicated that NLRP1 inflammasome activation and AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction are closely implicated in Aβ generation and deposition in APP/PS1 9 M mice, but not in APP/PS1 6 M mice. Meanwhile, we found that knockdown of NLRP1 significantly improved learning and memory impairments, decreased the expressions of NLRP1, ASC, caspase-1, p-NF-κB, IL-1β, APP, CTF-β, BACE1 and Aβ_1-42, and decreased the level of p-AMPK, Beclin 1 and LC3 II, and increased the level of p-mTOR and P62 in APP/PS1 9 M mice. Our study suggested that inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome activation improves AMPK/mTOR mediated-autophagy dysfunction, resulting in the decrease of Aβ generation, and NLRP1 and autophagy might be important targets to delay the progression of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10100229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9302883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct reinforcement learning profiles distinguish between language and attentional neurodevelopmental disorders.","authors":"Noyli Nissan,&nbsp;Uri Hertz,&nbsp;Nitzan Shahar,&nbsp;Yafit Gabay","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00207-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00207-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Theoretical models posit abnormalities in cortico-striatal pathways in two of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (Developmental dyslexia, DD, and Attention deficit hyperactive disorder, ADHD), but it is still unclear what distinct cortico-striatal dysfunction might distinguish language disorders from others that exhibit very different symptomatology. Although impairments in tasks that depend on the cortico-striatal network, including reinforcement learning (RL), have been implicated in both disorders, there has been little attempt to dissociate between different types of RL or to compare learning processes in these two types of disorders. The present study builds upon prior research indicating the existence of two learning manifestations of RL and evaluates whether these processes can be differentiated in language and attention deficit disorders. We used a two-step RL task shown to dissociate model-based from model-free learning in human learners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that, relative to neurotypicals, DD individuals showed an impairment in model-free but not in model-based learning, whereas in ADHD the ability to use both model-free and model-based learning strategies was significantly compromised.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, learning impairments in DD may be linked to a selective deficit in the ability to form action-outcome associations based on previous history, whereas in ADHD some learning deficits may be related to an incapacity to pursue rewards based on the tasks' structure. Our results indicate how different patterns of learning deficits may underlie different disorders, and how computation-minded experimental approaches can differentiate between them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10029183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9160803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-body vibration ameliorates glial pathological changes in the hippocampus of hAPP transgenic mice, but does not affect plaque load.","authors":"Tamas Oroszi,&nbsp;Eva Geerts,&nbsp;Reuben Rajadhyaksha,&nbsp;Csaba Nyakas,&nbsp;Marieke J G van Heuvelen,&nbsp;Eddy A van der Zee","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00208-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00208-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the core cause of dementia in elderly populations. One of the main hallmarks of AD is extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation (APP-pathology) associated with glial-mediated neuroinflammation. Whole-Body Vibration (WBV) is a passive form of exercise, but its effects on AD pathology are still unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five months old male J20 mice (n = 26) and their wild type (WT) littermates (n = 24) were used to investigate the effect of WBV on amyloid pathology and the healthy brain. Both J20 and WT mice underwent WBV on a vibration platform or pseudo vibration treatment. The vibration intervention consisted of 2 WBV sessions of 10 min per day, five days per week for five consecutive weeks. After five weeks of WBV, the balance beam test was used to assess motor performance. Brain tissue was collected to quantify Aβ deposition and immunomarkers of astrocytes and microglia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>J20 mice have a limited number of plaques at this relatively young age. Amyloid plaque load was not affected by WBV. Microglia activation based on IBA1-immunostaining was significantly increased in the J20 animals compared to the WT littermates, whereas CD68 expression was not significantly altered. WBV treatment was effective to ameliorate microglia activation based on morphology in both J20 and WT animals in the Dentate Gyrus, but not so in the other subregions. Furthermore, GFAP expression based on coverage was reduced in J20 pseudo-treated mice compared to the WT littermates and it was significantly reserved in the J20 WBV vs. pseudo-treated animals. Further, only for the WT animals a tendency of improved motor performance was observed in the WBV group compared to the pseudo vibration group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In accordance with the literature, we detected an early plaque load, reduced GFAP expression and increased microglia activity in J20 mice at the age of ~ 6 months. Our findings indicate that WBV has beneficial effects on the early progression of brain pathology. WBV restored, above all, the morphology of GFAP positive astrocytes to the WT level that could be considered the non-pathological and hence \"healthy\" level. Next experiments need to be performed to determine whether WBV is also affective in J20 mice of older age or other AD mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9161560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Previous experience with delays affects delay discounting in animal model of ADHD.","authors":"Espen Sjoberg, H M Ottåsen, R G Wilner, E B Johansen","doi":"10.1186/s12993-022-00199-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-022-00199-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ADHD is a disorder where a common symptom is impulsive behaviour, a broad term associated with making sub-optimal choices. One frequently used method to investigate impulsive behaviour is delay discounting, which involves choosing between a small, immediate reinforcer and a delayed, larger one. Choosing the small immediate reinforcer is by itself, however, not sufficient for terming the choice impulsive, as all organisms eventually switch to choosing the small, immediate reinforcer when the delay to the larger reinforcer becomes long. This switch can be termed impulsive only when it occurs more frequently, or at shorter LL delays, than typically observed in normal controls. A poorly understood aspect is how choice is influenced by previous experience with delays. Using an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, we manipulated the order of exposure to delays in a delay discounting task. Following a preference test, the Ascending group experienced gradually increasing delays between choice and reinforcer while the Descending group were exposed to these delays in reverse order.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the Descending group chose the small, immediate reinforcer over the larger delayed to a much larger extent than the Ascending group, and continued to do so even when the delay component was ultimately removed. Strain effects were found in the Ascending group, with SHRs switching to the small, immediate reinforcer earlier than controls as the delay to the larger reinforcer increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data suggests that delay discounting is affected by history of exposure to delayed consequences. When reinforcement contingencies are incrementally changed from having no response-reinforcer delay to a long delay, discounting of delayed consequences is gradual. However, a sudden change from no delay to a long delay, without intermediate training, results in a rapid switch to the small, immediate reinforcer option, and this behaviour is somewhat resilient to the shortening and eventual removal of the large reinforcer delay. The implication is that attempting to reduce already existing impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD will require gradual habituation and not sudden changes in reinforcement contingencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9926738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10738569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pristane induced lupus mice as a model for neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE).","authors":"Yang Yun,&nbsp;Xuejiao Wang,&nbsp;Jingyi Xu,&nbsp;Chenye Jin,&nbsp;Jingyu Chen,&nbsp;Xueru Wang,&nbsp;Jianing Wang,&nbsp;Ling Qin,&nbsp;Pingting Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00205-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-023-00205-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model is a useful tool for studying environmental-related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, neuropsychiatric manifestations in this model have not been investigated in detail. Because neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) is an important complication of SLE, we investigated the neuropsychiatric symptoms in the PIL mouse model to evaluate its suitability for NPSLE studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PIL mice showed olfactory dysfunction accompanied by an anxiety- and depression-like phenotype at month 2 or 4 after pristane injection. The levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) and chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL10) in the brain and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability increased significantly from week 2 or month 1, and persisted throughout the observed course of the disease. Notably, IgG deposition in the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle wall were observed at month 1 and both astrocytes and microglia were activated. Persistent activation of astrocytes was detected throughout the observed course of the disease, while microglial activation diminished dramatically at month 4. Lipofuscin deposition, a sign of neuronal damage, was detected in cortical and hippocampal neurons from month 4 to 8.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PIL mice exhibit a series of characteristic behavioral deficits and pathological changes in the brain, and therefore might be suitable for investigating disease pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutic targets for environmental-related NPSLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9921421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10699402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased basolateral amygdala metabolic activity during flavor familiarization: an experimental study.","authors":"Sergio Menchén-Márquez, María Banqueri, Beatriz Gómez-Chacón, Jorge L Arias, Milagros Gallo","doi":"10.1186/s12993-023-00206-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12993-023-00206-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel flavors elicit a cautious neophobic response which is attenuated as the flavor becomes familiar and safe. The attenuation of neophobia reveals the formation of a safe memory. Previous lesion studies in rats have reported that basolateral amygdala integrity is required for taste neophobia, but not neophobia to flavor, i.e., taste linked to an odorous component. Accordingly, immunohistochemical analyses show that novel tastes induced higher basolateral amygdala activity when compared to familiar ones. However, a different role of basolateral amygdala in flavor attenuation of neophobia is suggested by lesion studies using a vinegar solution. Studies assessing basolateral amygdala activity during flavor attenuation of neophobia are lacking. Thus, we quantified cytochrome oxidase as an index of basolateral amygdala activity along the first and second vinegar exposures in order to assess flavor neophobia and attenuation of neophobia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We exposed adult male Wistar rats either once or twice to a 3% cider vinegar solution or water, and compared the basolateral amygdala, piriform cortex and caudate putamen brain metabolic activity using cytochrome c-oxidase histochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found increased flavor intake and cytochrome c-oxidase histochemistry activity during the second exposure in basolateral amygdala, but not in the piriform cortex and caudate/putamen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main finding of the study is that BLA metabolic activity was higher in the group exposed to a familiar vinegar solution than in the groups exposed to either water or a novel vinegar solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":8729,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Brain Functions","volume":"19 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9896748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10715558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}