Archives of community medicine and public health最新文献

{"title":"Virtual community medicine in sparsely populated regions: A case study from Northern Sweden","authors":"Koch Andreas","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000208","url":null,"abstract":"The short case study outlines the potential that Virtual Health Rooms (VHRs) can exhibit to mitigate a lack of public health services and community medicine infrastructure in sparsely populated and demographically ageing regions. Although the VHR idea has its strengths in surmounting a relatively low medical service environment, it is, nonetheless, a technologically driven approach to meet the needs of local residents in rural peripheries. Therefore, the VHR approach has been tested in some Northern Swedish villages and has been evaluated empirically in one of these villages (Storuman). Beyond a dedicated health-driven purpose, Virtual Health Rooms can comprehensively serve as a public meeting point to reduce local social isolation. In this respect, the regional Storuman Hospital functions as a Center for Rural Medicine in a broad sense and aims, among other things, to decentralize public health services to local communities in the rural periphery.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of 4th doses of bivalent mRNA vaccine in reinfections from October 2022 to October 2023 in a general medicine office in Toledo (Spain)","authors":"Turabian Jose Luis","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in preventing reinfections is uncertain and there is little community-level research published at this time. Objective: To compare the cases of COVID-19 reinfections in vaccinated versus not vaccinated 4th dose people with bivalent mRNA vaccines and assess the effectiveness of this vaccine booster. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective case series study of adult patients with COVID-19 reinfections in general medicine from October 1, 2022, to October 1, 2023. The 4th dose vaccine COVID-19 effectiveness was calculated as 1 - [COVID-19 cases incidence of reinfection with 4th dose vaccine / COVID-19 cases incidence of reinfection without 4th vaccine dose] × 100. Results: 12 COVID-19 reinfections were included. Of them, 5 were in people with a fourth vaccine dose of bivalent mRNA and 7 were in people without a fourth vaccine dose of bivalent mRNA. The population vaccinated with the 4th dose was estimated at 1,133 people. The population without a 4th dose was estimated at 867 people. The 4th dose of bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness to prevent reinfections calculated on the total number of cases of reinfections in vaccinated and unvaccinated was 30%. The 4th dose of bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness to prevent reinfections calculated on population denominators of the total number of people vaccinated or not, was 46%. Conclusion: In the context of general medicine in Toledo (Spain), the 4th dose of bivalent mRNA vaccine effectiveness to prevent reinfections was modest. However, these results should be interpreted with caution because of the few cases included and possible underreporting.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of oesophageal cancer in Zimbabwe: Eating habits and indoor air pollution from firewood smoke","authors":"Kadzatsa Webster, Mazhindu Tinashe, Chadyiwa Martha","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oesophageal cancer is among the top five (5) cancers in Zimbabwe, and it has a high mortality rate. Several studies have alluded to the association between exposure to firewood smoke and this cancer. This study assessed the association between firewood smoke exposure, consumption of hot beverages, and food with oesophageal cancer among cancer patients in Zimbabwe. Methods: This study was quantitative in nature and adopted a cross-sectional design. A matched case-control approach with 95 pairs of cases and controls from Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals' Radiotherapy Centre, a major referral hospital in Zimbabwe was used. A total of 190 participants were interviewed using a questionnaire administered via telephone by trained interviewers. Secondary data using histology results and radiology reports were obtained from the patient's medical records. SPSS version 27 was used to perform the descriptive analysis for variables such as age, marital status, exposure to firewood smoke, and thermal burns. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between oesophageal cancer and dependent variables. Results: The ratio of male to female OC cases was 1.4 to 1, with a mean age of 63 for males and 60 years for females. The OC was significantly associated with the usage of firewood smoke as a major source of cooking energy (OR: 2.961; 95 % CI 1.46 - 6.03) (AOR: 4.22; 95% CI 1.22 - 14.59) with a p - value of 0.043. Also, the OC was significantly associated with high consumption of sweet potatoes (OR: 3.26; 95 % CI:1.67 - 6.55) (AOR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.07 - 11.23) with a p - value of 0.001. The co-usage of the kitchen as a dining room was associated with OC (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.44 - 4.88), no association was found (AOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.34 - 2.72) after adjusting for confounders. Risk factors such as age, alcohol intake, smoking, HIV status, and marital status were not associated with OC. Conclusion: The use of firewood for cooking and the consumption of sweet potatoes are the major contributors to OC among Zimbabweans. Awareness of the eating habits of sweet potatoes and using the kitchen as a dining area could significantly reduce cases of OC among Zimbabweans.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"769 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perrotta-Marciano Burnout Risk Interview 1 (BORI-1): The new clinical interview to investigate burnout risk in public and private workplaces","authors":"Perrotta Giulio, Marciano Antonio, Fabiano Gianfranco","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000205","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the general concept of \"burnout\", thus describing the lack of energy, fatigue, and unproductivity at work that a person develops in the workplace, the present paper defines the specific characteristics of the syndrome and related contexts and then proposes a new psychometric instrument (Perrotta-Marciano Burnout Risk Interview 1, BORI-1), in the interview version, capable of assessing and graduating the risk of the same, to intervene promptly in borderline situations that could degenerate into injurious and self-injurious acts. The interview aims to analyze the risk of burnout in individuals who work in both the private and public sectors and who for reasons of service may be put under pressure, even if they have passed the medical and psychiatric examination. It is therefore proposed as a tool for investigation, prevention, and clinical evaluation of burnout syndrome in its clinical signs, thus bridging the critical issues noted in the current psychometric instruments dedicated to the subject under consideration.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"60 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lightness distribution of the red color for the nail plate related to human healthy level","authors":"Ou We-Li, Li Chia-Ting, Chen Da-Chih","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000204","url":null,"abstract":"The water content of the human nail plate may be a health indicator related to human beings. In Chinese traditional medical science, the traditional Chinese medicine physician usually examines the nail plate conditions combined with other body physical symptoms to determine the physical health level. Usually, for people with healthy bodies, the nail plates appear shining pink color. On the other hand, people get ills, their nail plates will appear in different colors except for shining pink color nail plates. The pink color nail plates have come from the red blood flowing through the body capillaries. A healthy people, the blood flow through capillaries should be very smooth. Obviously, the capillaries inside the human nail plates with a smooth flow of blood will cause the human nail plates to appear pink in color. Inspect the lightness distribution of the digital photo red color for the human nail plates only, a very clear result can be seen from the lightness distribution. The lightness distribution of the red color of the digital photo from the healthy human nail plate is wider than the lightness distribution of the digital photo from the dry nail plate.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135666340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emotional Intelligence (E.I.) and “Perrotta Human Emotions - Questionnaire - 1” (PHE-Q-1): Development, regulation and validation of a new psychometric instrument","authors":"Perrotta Giulio, Basiletti Vanessa","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Based on the Perrotta Human Emotions Model (PHEM-2), a psychometric tool was modelled that could help the therapist gain a deep understanding of the patient's emotional capacity, and thus his emotional intelligence, also concerning follow-up and achievements during the psychotherapeutic course. Aim: To check whether the PHEM-2 can be structured into a psychometric tool that assesses the subject's emotional intelligence to calibrate the most appropriate psychotherapeutic intervention for the specific case. Methods: Clinical interview, based on narrative-anamnestic and documentary evidence, and battery of psychometric tests. Results: The PHE-Q-1 demonstrated its clinical usefulness during psychotherapy sessions to improve the patient's emotional capacity and confirmed its validity relative to statistical comparison, reporting an R = 0.999 and p ≤ 0.001. Conclusion: The validity of PHE-Q-1 in investigating the emotional component of human intelligence and its clinical utility concerning one's level of cognitive-emotional dissonance and PHEM-2, during psychotherapeutic encounters conducted according to the brief or otherwise integrated strategic approach, is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen needs to be met in chad: Resilience, lessons learned, challenges and perspectives","authors":"Maombi Edison, Ndihokubwayo Jean-Bosco","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000202","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of medical oxygen has contributed to a large number of avoidable fatalities globally, which have escalated as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. At the start of the pandemic, one of the major challenges that almost all countries faced was access to oxygen to treat their patients, who were often doomed to certain death in the absence of this product. Chad had a total of two oxygen production plants, all installed in Ndjamena, with low production capacity to meet high demand. Oxygen concentrators, which are an appropriate and attractive means of administering oxygen in healthcare facilities where there is a shortage of cylinders or a distribution network, were also not sufficient, and most of them were out of use due to the lack of proper preventive maintenance. To overcome this situation, Chad is improving its capacity for medical oxygen through the installation of new Oxygen plants, maintenance and repair of broken Oxygen concentrators as well as the training of maintenance technicians. This paper shares the experience of Chad in its efforts to improve the availability of oxygen for the management of respiratory diseases, as well as the benefits and challenges to consider when planning for increased access to medical oxygen in similar settings.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46963307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and incidence rate of complications originated as a consequence of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or the treatments performed. A longitudinal study in general medicine from March 15, 2020 to October 31, 2022 in Toledo, Spain","authors":"Turabian Jose Luis","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The epidemiological data on complications originated as a consequence of the acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed are not well known. Objectives: To estimate the incidence rate and the risk factors of complications originating as a consequence of the acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed in general practitioner consultation. Methodology: A prospective study of patients with COVID-19 in a general practice setting in Toledo, Spain, from March 15, 2020, to October 31, 2022. Results: 687 positive cases of acute COVID-19 were diagnosed. Of these, 36 (36% were women and 39% had >=65 years old) presented complications, which represents a gross incidence rate of 5%. In >=65 years old, the incidence rate was 23%. The incidence rate of complications was much higher in 2020 vs. 2021 and 2022 (21%, 5%, and 1% cases, respectively). The only statistically significant risk factors were aged > = 65 years (RR = 2.46), having presented moderate-severe severity of primary infection (RR = 14.54) having chronic diseases (RR = 3.11), and specifically of the circulatory system (RR = 1.98). Conclusion: In the context of general medicine in Toledo (Spain) incidence rate of complications originated as a consequence of acute infection of COVID-19 or the treatments performed, was higher in cases with acute infection in 2020, and in >=65 years old, and are risk factors having presented moderate-severe severity of primary infection, having chronic diseases, and specifically of circulatory system, and being >= 65 years old.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68166497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial prescription pattern in the Deido health district, Douala, Cameroon","authors":"Njumkeng Charles, Amin Elvis T, Nti Mvilongo Prudence Tatiana, Zofou Denis, KT Akoachere Jane Francis, Njukeng Patrick A","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000200","url":null,"abstract":"Inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions are among the highest contributing factors to Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Most low and middle-income (LMICS) countries with high AMR burdens like Cameroon, seldom document information on prescription patterns, whereas this information is crucial in addressing inappropriate antimicrobial prescriptions. This study was therefore designed to elucidate antimicrobial prescription patterns in order to tailor interventions to mitigate AMR in Cameroon. The study adopted a multicentre cross-sectional design. Information on antimicrobial prescriptions was collected from four hospitals within the Deido Health District, between October 2019 and March 2020. Of the 1398 participants that were enrolled in the study, the most presented age group were participants aged 15-45 years 913(65.3%) and prescriptions were higher amongst females (923,53.6%). The highest number of antimicrobial prescriptions was made in the outpatient department 592(42.3%) followed by the pediatric unit, 344(24.6%). Most of the prescriptions were for patients with respiratory tract infections 436 (31.2%), followed by those with digestive tract infections 248 (17.7%). The most frequently prescribed class of drugs were the Penicillins 690 (40.3%, 37.8 – 42.6), with Amoxicillin clavulanic acid accounting for 27.8% of the overall prescriptions followed by Cephalosporins 392 (22.7, 20.6 – 24.7), with Ceftriaxone being the most prescribed in the class (13.3%). The need for prescription was mainly determined by clinical judgement (61.1%), while only 9.5% of prescriptions were based on antimicrobial sensitivity test. In the struggle to mitigate AMR, there is a great need to exploit data on prescription patterns and develop stewardship programs in order to optimise antimicrobial use in Cameroon. We emphasize in this communication the potential benefits and outcomes of foresight thinking, such as improved resilience, better resource allocation, and effective response strategies.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48255129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to anticipate and control possible future health crises through foresight approaches using the COVID-19 pandemic crisis?","authors":"Lepelletier Didier, Souhard Camille, Chauvin Franck, M. Zeina","doi":"10.17352/2455-5479.000199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17352/2455-5479.000199","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective studies have evolved towards a more integrated, complex, and diachronic way of thinking about the future. What is the future? It is a set of possibilities, delimited by what we think is impossible (limits of plausibility) and by the difficulty of estimating the degree of plausibility of an event in a V.U.C.A. period. The term V.U.C.A. refers to the four characteristics that reflect the world according to military thinking: Volatility; Uncertainty; Complexity; Ambiguity. The COVID-19 crisis is an example of V.U.C.A with an uncertain situation. Foresight is a discipline that allows us to understand the forces at work in the construction of the future. Resolutely oriented towards action, it aims to enlighten the choices of the present by exploring possible futures. Strongly linked to strategy, it allows the determination of a desirable future, a vision, and the implementation of the means to achieve it. Foresight is exploratory (of possible futures), normative (creating a chosen future), quantitative (using statistical data), and qualitative (using survey data). Foresight does not foresee, it anticipates. Prospective approaches could be used more in particular in the field of health to define more or less pessimistic scenarios in order to define strategies of anticipation of futures that we do not want to see happen. The foresight for pandemics and epidemics initiatives can create a space for dialogue and bring together diverse perspectives and lived experiences. We emphasize in this communication the potential benefits and outcomes of foresight thinking, such as improved resilience, better resource allocation, and effective response strategies.","PeriodicalId":87221,"journal":{"name":"Archives of community medicine and public health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49229271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}