Environmental biosafety research最新文献_第4页

Towards a smart biosafety regulation: The case of Kenya. 迈向明智的生物安全监管:肯尼亚的案例。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-07-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-07 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009014

Ann Kingiri, Seife Ayele

引用次数: 17

Statistical aspects of environmental risk assessment of GM plants for effects on non-target organisms. 转基因植物对非目标生物影响的环境风险评估的统计方面。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009009

Joe N Perry, Cajo J F Ter Braak, Philip M Dixon, Jian J Duan, Rosie S Hails, Alexandra Huesken, Marc Lavielle, Michelle Marvier, Michele Scardi, Kerstin Schmidt, Bela Tothmeresz, Frank Schaarschmidt, Hilko van der Voet

{"title":"Statistical aspects of environmental risk assessment of GM plants for effects on non-target organisms.","authors":"Joe N Perry, Cajo J F Ter Braak, Philip M Dixon, Jian J Duan, Rosie S Hails, Alexandra Huesken, Marc Lavielle, Michelle Marvier, Michele Scardi, Kerstin Schmidt, Bela Tothmeresz, Frank Schaarschmidt, Hilko van der Voet","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr/2009009","url":null,"abstract":"Previous European guidance for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants emphasized the concepts of statistical power but provided no explicit requirements for the provision of statistical power analyses. Similarly, whilst the need for good experimental designs was stressed, no minimum guidelines were set for replication or sample sizes. Furthermore, although substantial equivalence was stressed as central to risk assessment, no means of quantification of this concept was given. This paper suggests several ways in which existing guidance might be revised to address these problems. One approach explored is the ;bioequivalence' test, which has the advantage that the error of most concern to the consumer may be set relatively easily. Also, since the burden of proof is placed on the experimenter, the test promotes high-quality, well-replicated experiments with sufficient statistical power. Other recommendations cover the specification of effect sizes, the choice of appropriate comparators, the use of positive controls, meta-analyses, multivariate analysis and diversity indices. Specific guidance is suggested for experimental designs of field trials and their statistical analyses. A checklist for experimental design is proposed to accompany all environmental risk assessments.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 2","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/ebr/2009009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28438854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65

Stability of Cry1Ab protein during long-term storage for standardization of insect bioassays. Cry1Ab蛋白在昆虫生物检测标准化中长期储存的稳定性研究。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009015

Hang Thu Nguyen, Johannes A Jehle

{"title":"Stability of Cry1Ab protein during long-term storage for standardization of insect bioassays.","authors":"Hang Thu Nguyen, Johannes A Jehle","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr/2009015","url":null,"abstract":"The reliable use of purified Cry1Ab protein standards is a prerequisite for ecological studies and resistance monitoring programs of Cry1Ab-expressing transgenic corn. In this study the stability and activity of different Cry1Ab protein batches expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli were determined during two-year storage at different temperature conditions (4 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and -80 degrees C). SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed degradation of the protein stored at 4 degrees C over four months, whereas no difference in the band intensity of the Cry1Ab proteins stored at -20 degrees C and -80 degrees C was observed. Bioassays with neonate larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis indicated that the biological activity of Cry1Ab varied from batch to batch, depending on the production process. Cry1Ab protein stored at 4 degrees C for four months showed a significantly decreasing activity measured as median lethal concentration (LC(50)), whereas the protein activity declined less than 11-fold after two years storage at -20 degrees C. When stored at -80 degrees C the toxin activity remained relatively stable for at least 30 months, as indicated by low LC(50) values of 7-10 ng Cry1Ab per cm(2) diet. These experiments demonstrate that appropriate long-term storage conditions of Cry1Ab protein standards are crucial for resistance monitoring programs of Bt corn, and storage at -80 degrees C is recommended.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 2","pages":"113-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28439921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Soil persistence of DNA from transgenic poplar. 转基因杨树DNA的土壤持久性。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009005

Martina Bonadei, Alma Balestrazzi, Barbara Frigerio, Daniela Carbonera

引用次数: 2

Evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants. 利用转基因葡萄植株进行花粉传播和异花授粉的评价。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009012

Margit Harst, Beatrix-Axinja Cobanov, Ludger Hausmann, Rudolf Eibach, Reinhard Töpfer

{"title":"Evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants.","authors":"Margit Harst, Beatrix-Axinja Cobanov, Ludger Hausmann, Rudolf Eibach, Reinhard Töpfer","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr/2009012","url":null,"abstract":"Public debate about the possible risk of genetically modified plants often concerns putative effects of pollen dispersal and out-crossing into conventional fields in the neighborhood of transgenic plants. Though Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is generally considered to be self-pollinating, it cannot be excluded that vertical gene transfer might occur. For monitoring pollen flow and out-crossing events, transgenic plants of Vitis vinifera cv. 'Dornfelder' harboring the gus-int gene were planted in the center of a field experiment in Southwest Germany in 1999. The rate of pollen dispersal was determined by pollen traps placed at radial distances of 5-150 m from the pollen-donor plants, at 1.00 and 1.80 m above ground. Transgenic pollen was evaluated by GUS staining, and could clearly be distinguished from pollen originating from non-transgenic grapevine plants. Transgenic pollen was observed up to 150 m from the pollen donors. The rate of out-crossing was determined by sampling seeds of selected grapevines at a distance of 10 m to the pollen source, and of a sector at 20 m distance, respectively, followed by GUS analysis of seedlings. The average cross-pollination rate during the experiment (2002-2004) was 2.7% at a distance of 20 m. The results of this first pilot study present a good base for further assessment under the conditions of normal viticulture practice.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 2","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28439920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Genetic modification through oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. A GMO regulatory challenge? 通过寡核苷酸介导的诱变进行基因修饰。转基因生物监管挑战?

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009007

Didier Breyer, Philippe Herman, Annick Brandenburger, Godelieve Gheysen, Erik Remaut, Patrice Soumillion, Jan Van Doorsselaere, René Custers, Katia Pauwels, Myriam Sneyers, Dirk Reheul

引用次数: 49

In-field frequencies and characteristics of oilseed rape with double herbicide resistance. 具有双重除草剂抗性的油菜的田间种植频率和特性。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 Epub Date: 2009-10-16 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009006

Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter, Peter Zwerger

{"title":"In-field frequencies and characteristics of oilseed rape with double herbicide resistance.","authors":"Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter, Peter Zwerger","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009006","DOIUrl":"10.1051/ebr/2009006","url":null,"abstract":"When growing different transgenic herbicide-resistant oilseed rape cultivars side by side, seeds with multiple herbicide resistance can arise, possibly causing problems for the management of volunteer plants. Large-scale field experiments were performed in the years 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 in order to investigate the frequencies and the consequences of the transfer of herbicide resistance genes from transgenic oilseed rape to cultivars grown on neighboring agricultural fields. Transgenic oilseed rape with resistance to glufosinate-ammonium (LibertyLink, LL) and with glyphosate resistance (RoundupReady, RR), respectively, was sown in adjacent 0.5 ha plots, surrounded by about 8 ha non-transgenic oilseed rape. The plots and the field were either in direct contact (0.5 m gap width) or they were separated by 10 m of fallow land. Seed samples taken during harvest in the transgenic plots at different distances were investigated for progeny with resistance to the respective other herbicide. It was found that outcrossing frequencies were reduced to different extents by a 10 m isolation distance. In addition to pollen-mediated transgene flow as a result of outcrossing, we found considerable seed-mediated gene flow by adventitious dispersal of transgenic seeds through the harvesting machine. Volunteer plants with double herbicide resistance emerging in the transgenic plots after harvest were selected by suitable applications of the complementary herbicides Basta and Roundup Ultra. In both years, double-resistant volunteers were largely restricted to the inner edges of the plots. Expression analysis under controlled laboratory conditions of double-resistant plants generated by manual crosses revealed stability of transgene expression even at elevated temperatures. Greenhouse tests with double-resistant oilseed rape plants gave no indication that the sensitivity to a range of different herbicides is changed as compared to non-transgenic oilseed rape.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 2","pages":"101-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28439917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Institutional interplay: Biosafety and trade 机构间的相互作用:生物安全和贸易

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1051/EBR/2009016

O. Young, W. B. Chambers, J. Kim, Claudia ten Have

引用次数: 28

Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified oilseed rape growing along a Japanese roadside: 3-year observations. 监测沿日本路边生长的转基因油菜的发生:3年观察。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-03-14 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009001

Toru Nishizawa, Nobuyoshi Nakajima, Mitsuko Aono, Masanori Tamaoki, Akihiro Kubo, Hikaru Saji

{"title":"Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified oilseed rape growing along a Japanese roadside: 3-year observations.","authors":"Toru Nishizawa, Nobuyoshi Nakajima, Mitsuko Aono, Masanori Tamaoki, Akihiro Kubo, Hikaru Saji","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr/2009001","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring for escape of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) during transport can be performed by means of roadside evaluations in areas where cultivation of this GM crop is not conducted, such as in Japan. We performed a survey of oilseed rape plants growing along a 20-km section of Japan's Route 51, one of the main land transportation routes in central Japan for imports of GM oilseed rape from the Port of Kashima into Keiyo District. Oilseed rape plants were found each year, but the number of plants varied substantially during the three years of our study: 2162 plants in 2005, 4066 in 2006, and only 278 in 2007. The low number in 2007 was probably caused by roadwork. Herbicide-resistant individuals were detected in the three consecutive years (26, 8, and 5 individuals with glyphosate resistance), but glufosinate-resistant plants (9 individuals) were detected only in 2005. The roadside plants occurred mainly along the inbound lane from Kashima to Narita. These plants are likely to have their origin in seeds spilled during transportation of cargo from the port, since there are no potential natural seed source plants for B. napus near Route 51. This is the first detailed report on the transition and distribution of herbicide-resistant oilseed rape plants following loss and spillage along Japanese roads.","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28229780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Response to Wilkinson & Tepfer's "Fitness and beyond: preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters". Fuzzy reasoning and unacceptable change: defining and assessing an ambiguous endpoint. 对Wilkinson & Tepfer的《适应性及超越:为具有重要生态特性的转基因作物的到来做准备》的回应。模糊推理和不可接受的变化:定义和评估一个模糊的端点。

Environmental biosafety research Pub Date : 2009-01-01 Epub Date: 2009-05-07 DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2009004

Tom Harwood

{"title":"Response to Wilkinson & Tepfer's \"Fitness and beyond: preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters\". Fuzzy reasoning and unacceptable change: defining and assessing an ambiguous endpoint.","authors":"Tom Harwood","doi":"10.1051/ebr/2009004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/ebr/2009004","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of ecological risk assessment, we require an effective definition of the undesirable endpoint. These may be defined according to scientific, economic and amenity value sets. Unfortunately, since the processes we are dealing with are continuous over space and time and also dynamic (in that ecological population sizes fluctuate), unambiguous definitions are elusive. In the case of enhanced fitness, an organism that is fitter than a direct competitor will continuously increase its numbers at the expense of its competitor. Unless a change in fitness or environment occurs, the competitor will often eventually be driven to local extinction. It could therefore be argued that any enhanced fitness is undesirable. We can be concerned about the decline of a particular species, assemblage or visual landscape, but at what point does it become unacceptable? At one extreme, one could argue that any decline is unacceptable. At the other, a definite endpoint would be the “rapid” extinction of whatever we are trying to protect. In between, we have a shift in the ecological balance, leading to a continuous decline of the protectee. Here we have to define a timescale, and some form of measurable degree of change. Whilst we can ignore the problem and use true but unhelpful statements such as “every situation will have its own unique criteria”, this will not lead to a satisfactory definition. Instead, we require a concrete framework to deal with what is essentially a qualitative judgement. It seems to me that the crux of the problem lies in its inherent ambiguity. Acceptability is continuous in itself. An ecological situation will become less acceptable and more unacceptable as it moves in the undesirable","PeriodicalId":87177,"journal":{"name":"Environmental biosafety research","volume":"8 1","pages":"15-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28228220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0