Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)最新文献

{"title":"Adipose tissue - morphological and biochemical characteristic of different depots.","authors":"Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose tissue is an organ that performs a lot of significant physiological functions, which is why its excess in the body results in pathological states in many of its organs and systems. Adipose tissue is not only a tissue which stores fat and plays a protective role. It is an important endocrine organ where signals sent from different tissues are generated and integrated. Adipose tissue is both morphologically and physiologically differentiated. However, due to their plasticity, adipocytes can undergo a transformation and change their structure and metabolism depending on the physiological state of the organism and the conditions to which it is exposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"466-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35133952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune disorders induced by exposure to pyrethroid insecticides.","authors":"Justyna Skolarczyk,&nbsp;Joanna Pekar,&nbsp;Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyrethroids are biocides, which belong to the third generation of insecticides. They are used as biocides, insecticides and medicines. These agents react selectively, because they are less harmful to birds and mammals (due to poor intestinal absorption and rapid detoxification in the body of homeothermic organisms) and they are poisonous for fish and insects. The aim of the article is to present the current state of knowledge on the effects of pyrethroids on the immune system based on the latest scientific research. The mechanism of action of pyrethroids include the delaying closure of voltage- sensitive sodium and chloride channels (including GABA- dependent channels). These compounds are neurotoxic. Studies have shown that they cause numerous immune disorders contributing to lowering of immunity in humans and animals. Exposure to pyrethroids can cause inhibition of proliferation of peripheral blood leukocytes and reducing the concentration of IgG immunolgobulines. They also cause reduced macrophages and decrease in interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 12p70 (IL-12p70), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Some of these compounds cause increase of liver weight and increase of bone marrow cellularity, and may induce apoptosis of the thymus. Pyrethroids can cause allergies and asthma. Their immunosuppressive effects can impair host resistance against infections. Exposure to these compounds can also contribute to induction of the cancer, especially in patients with impaired immune function.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"446-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35131968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-small cell lung cancer - mutations, targeted and combination therapy.","authors":"Justyna Kutkowska,&nbsp;Irena Porębska,&nbsp;Andrzej Rapak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Year after year, a growing number of cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), mostly caused by smoking, have been noted. Most patients die because of the late detection of cancer and tumor resistance to treatment with cytostatics. Treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC is impeded by the low sensitivity of the tumor to cytostatic agents and the co-existence of many diseases, which substrate is, like lung cancer, cigarette smoking. Along with the development of molecular biology, targeted therapy has started to be used, affecting specific signaling pathways involved in the processes of oncogenesis. Compounds that inhibit the activity of receptor tyrosine kinases are very well examined and already used in clinical practice. NSCLC is characterized by multiple mutations, including EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and KRAS. Rarer but clinically significant is the rearrangement of the ALK gene. Currently, for NSCLC treatment a number of EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib, gefitinib, afatinib and two compounds targeted in ALK kinase crizotinib and ceritinib are applied. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, we are still not able to improve the treatment effectiveness of patients with KRAS mutations. The most efficient solution would be to use a combination of the compounds exhibiting synergistic effects on tumor cells. The literature data describes numerous examples of the combination treatment of NSCLC cells. Some combinations of compounds are already in clinical trials. Most attempts relate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with other types of pharmacologic inhibitor or immunotherapy. This paper describes the mutations occurring in NSCLC and drugs used in clinical practice as well as being in preclinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease against peptides products of enzymatic cleavage APP protein: Biological, pathobiological and physico-chemical properties of fibrillating peptides.","authors":"Małgorzata Marszałek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various peptides products of enzymatic cleavage of key for Alzheimer's disease Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) are well known, but still are matter of scientific debate. The Aβ type products are especially challenging for experimental and medical research. This paper outlines several, still poorly known, biological and medical processes such as peptides biology, i.e., formation, biodistribution, translocation, transport and finally removal from brain compartments and body fluids like Intracellular Fluid (ICF), Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Interstitial Fluid (ISF), blood serum or urine. In addition, the following studies concerning AD patients might prove challenging and simultaneously promising: peptides translocation through Blood-Brain - Barrier (BBB) and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier (BCSFB) and their removal from the brain according to a new concept of glymphatic system; - diagnostic difficulties that stem from physico-chemical properties and the nature of proteins or fibrillating peptides itself like low concentration, short half-live and from experimental-technical problems as well like high adsorption or low solubility of Aβ, tau or amylin. The study of diagnostic parameters is very important, as it may better reflect early changes before the disease develops; one such parameter is the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, or the ratio with the total tau concentration combination and other new biomarkers like Aβ1-38; other factors include oxidative stress and inflammation process proteins, complement factor H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, or clusterin. The study of various forms of pathological amyloid deposits that emerge in different but specific brain regions AD patients seems to be crucial as well. The composition of the first initial pathological, pre-fibrillating monomers of fibrillating peptides and their role in AD development and disease progression have been described as well. They are even more challenging for science and simultaneously might be more promising in early diagnosis for AD patients. As always in science, research leads to endless discoveries and further inquiry. Fundamental problems in this field most probably are still far from being definitively comprehended, and multiple crucial questions await better answers. What we really need is to study more and deeper into this matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"398-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of SRSF1 in cancer.","authors":"Elżbieta Sokół,&nbsp;Joanna Bogusławska,&nbsp;Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SRSF1 jest wielofunkcyjnym białkiem biorącym udział w procesach związanych z metabolizmem RNA. Następstwem zaburzeń ekspresji SRSF1, obserwowanych w wielu typach nowotworów, są nieprawidłowości w składaniu pre-mRNA, zmiany stabilności transkryptów i poziomu translacji onkogenów oraz genów supresorowych. Regulując różnicowe składanie transkryptów genów CCND1, RAC1, KLF6, BCL2L1, MCL1 oraz CASP9, SRSF1 indukuje zmiany w cyklu komórkowym, proliferacji i apoptozie. Czynnik SRSF1 wpływa także na angiogenezę nowotworową i przerzutowanie, m.in. promując powstawanie proangiogennych wariantów VEGF oraz wariantu splicingowego genu RON, który aktywuje proces przejścia nabłonkowo-mezenchymalnego. Ze względu na istotną rolę SRSF1 w rozwoju i progresji nowotworów, białko to jest obiecującym celem terapii przeciwnowotworowych wykorzystujących związki hamujące jego aktywność. W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze informacje o wpływie SRSF1 na nowotworzenie oraz jego potencjalne znaczenie w opracowaniu nowych strategii w leczeniu chorych z nowotworami.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"422-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological features of osthole.","authors":"Agata Jarząb,&nbsp;Aneta Grabarska,&nbsp;Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak,&nbsp;Andrzej Stepulak","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coumarins are a group of naturally occurring compounds common in the plant world. These substances and their derivatives exhibit a broad range of biological activities. One of the naturally occurring coumarins is osthole, which can most frequently be found in plants of the Apiaceae family. Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson ex Juss. Angelica pubescens Maxim. and Peucedanum ostruthium (L.). It has anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant, and antiallergic properties; apart from that, inhibition of platelet aggregation has also been proved. The impact of osthole on bone metabolism has been demonstrated; also its hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties have been confirmed. The inhibitory effect of this metokcompound on the development of neurodegenerative diseases has been proved in experimental models. Anticancer features of osthole have been also demonstrated both in vitro on different cell lines, and in vivo using animals xenografts. Osthole inhibited proliferation, motility and invasiveness of tumor cells, which may be associated with the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle slowdown. The exact molecular mechanism of osthole anti-cancer mode of action has not been fully elucidated. A synergistic effect of osthole with other anti-tumor substances has been also reported. Modification of its chemical structure led to the synthesis of many derivatives with significant anticancer effects. To sum up, osthole is an interesting therapeutic option, due to both its direct effect on tumor cells, as well as its neuroprotective or anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, there is a chance to use osthole or its synthetic derivatives in the treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"411-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasion and metastasis of tumour cells resistant to chemotherapy.","authors":"Anna Nowakowska,&nbsp;Jolanta Tarasiuk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic tumours resistant to chemotherapy are the major cause of the clinical failure in the treatment of malignant diseases. It is observed often that drugs active against primary tumours do not exhibit the same efficacy towards metastatic tumour cells having modified signaling pathways. Among cellular factors involved in the development of the metastatic potential of multidrug resistant tumour cells are some oncoproteins, antiapoptotic proteins, mutated suppressor proteins, integrins and CD44 receptor. It was also demonstrated that numerous chemotherapeutics have the effect on the emergence of the metastatic potential and multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon of tumour cells. The results of numerous studies suggest that genes involved in the development of MDR and metastatic phenotype of tumour cells are regulated by the same signaling pathways. They lead to the activation of transcription factors e.g. HIF-1α, NF-κB, Ets1 and AP-1 controlling the expression of genes involved in the development of the metastatic potential of multidrug resistant tumour cells. The identification of key cellular factors responsible for the emergence of the metastatic potential of MDR tumour cells could lead to the development of new efficient strategies for the treatment of metastatic tumours resistant to the conventional chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"380-397"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of Bordetella pertussis strains which do not produce virulence factors in the epidemiology of pertussis.","authors":"Maciej Polak,&nbsp;Anna Lutyńska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bordetella pertussis strains, which have lost the ability to produce antigens, such as pertactin - Prn, pertussis toxin - Ptx, filamentous haemagglutinin - FHA, fimbriae type 2 and 3 - Fim 2 and 3, tracheal colonization factor - TcfA, have recently been isolated in countries with a high vaccination coverage. The emergence of such isolates might have resulted from B. pertussis natural evolution course or adaptive mechanisms, allowing increased circulation of the pathogen in vaccinated populations. So far, the majority of described mutants were deficient in the Prn production. Prn deficient isolates were found in countries which use acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) in routine immunization programmes. The increase of frequency of Prn¯ strains isolation was correlated with the period of routine vaccination with aP vaccines. In most countries, the spread of these isolates has resulted from independent mutations rather than from the expansion of a single clone. Prn¯ isolates were collected from patients showing typical clinical symptoms of pertussis found for Prn+ strains. Results of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Prn¯, Ptx¯ and FHA¯ isolates retain cytotoxic properties, and besides Ptx¯ isolates, were lethal in intranasally infected mice. Further explanation of the impact of antigen deficiencies on virulence and transmission of B. pertussis in the context of the continuous increase of pertussis incidence is necessary to develop a new, optimized strategy of pertussis prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"367-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of oxidative stress in female infertility and in vitro fertilization.","authors":"Joanna Wojsiat,&nbsp;Jerzy Korczyński,&nbsp;Marta Borowiecka,&nbsp;Halina Małgorzata Żbikowska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility problem involves many couples of reproductive age. It has been estimated that in Poland 0.7-1.0 million pairs require treatment, while for more than half of them assisted reproduction is the only recommended and effective method. Infertility affects 13 to 15% of the world's population. A major concern is the age-related decline in female fertility even more that often a decision about pregnancy is taken at later age. Recent studies show that increased production of reactive oxygen species is an important factor in etiopathogenesis of pregnancy and affects female reproduction. It was found that oxidative stress may damage the oocytes and may impair their fertilization capacity. Oxidative stress may also lead to embryo fragmentation and formation of numerous developmental abnormalities, and is regarded to be one of the important reasons of spontaneous and recurrent miscarriage. Moreover, overproduction of reactive oxygen species has a significant impact on the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF).</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"359-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Opsonin Receptor Expression and Neutrophil Antibacterial Activity in a Mouse Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis.","authors":"Tuo Hong-Fang,&nbsp;Peng Yan-Hui,&nbsp;Bao Lei,&nbsp;Zhang Wan-Xing","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0010.3819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimicrobial function of neutrophils, which is dependent on opsonin receptors, deteriorates in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) putatively enhanced levels of the opsonin receptors CD11b and CD32/16 in healthy human subjects, and provided protection against infection in animal models of SAP. A statistically convincing study of the effect of G-CSF on CD32/16 expression in an SAP model is lacking. We used a mouse model of SAP to investigate the association between G-CSF administration and CD32/16 levels on neutrophils and bacterial translocation. G-CSF or saline was subcutaneously injected into SAP-induced mice. The pancreases were histologically examined, and leukocytes were stained to count neutrophils. The expression of CD11b and CD32/16 on neutrophils was measured by flow cytometry, and bacterial translocation was observed by bacterial culture. The numbers of CD11b and CD32/16-positive neutrophils were significantly elevated in the SAP mice treated with G-CSF, and the mean fluorescence intensities of these receptors on neutrophils were significantly elevated. Bacterial translocations to cavity organs were suppressed from 17% to 6% by G-CSF treatment. Our results indicated that the number of neutrophils significantly increased with increasing expression of CD11b and CD32/16 and their mean fluorescence intensities (MFIs). This inhibited bacterial translocation to other organs. These results are in accord with other studies in SAP dogs and SAP mice. Our findings suggest that G-CSF was effective in protecting against bacterial infection in SAP mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":87132,"journal":{"name":"Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej (Online)","volume":"71 0","pages":"352-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35004454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}