Bacteriophage最新文献

{"title":"Phage on the stage.","authors":"Louise Temple, Lynn Lewis","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1062589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1062589","url":null,"abstract":"The resurgence of interest in bacteriophages for use in combating antibiotic resistant bacteria is coincident with an urgent call for more effective science education practices, including hands-on learning opportunities. To address this issue, a number of solutions have been proposed, including a large educational experiment, begun in 2007 by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and currently involving over 85 colleges and universities, which has students discovering unique phages, obtaining images, and purifying phage DNA. A subset of these phage genomes is sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Papers describing individual phage discoveries and comparative genomic studies are being published regularly. The vast majority of students in the program are in their first year of college, a critical time in capturing their interest and retaining them as science majors. This viral discovery model is being adopted and modified by a wide variety of educational institutions using a number of different bacterial hosts. In the opinion of the authors, this program and others like it represent a model accessible to virtually any undergraduate setting. And because of these programs, bacteriophage enthusiasts (academics, health professionals, biotechnology companies) can look forward to more well prepared students entering their ranks and should anticipate many more potentially useful phages discovered and characterized.","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 3","pages":"e1062589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1062589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight into staphylococcal pathogenicity island-mediated interference with phage late gene transcription.","authors":"Geeta Ram,&nbsp;John Chen,&nbsp;Hope F Ross,&nbsp;Richard P Novick","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1028608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1028608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) are ∼15 kb chromosomally located mobile elements that parasitize \"helper\" phages which provide a de-repressor protein plus virion and lysis proteins which enable the release of infectious SaPI particles in very high titers. All SaPIs interfere with the reproduction of their helper phages, using 3 different mechanisms. The logic of SaPI reproduction requires that these interference mechanisms do not totally block phage production, as this would be lethal for them as well as for the phage. The discovery of 2 SaPI2 proteins that totally block phage 80 by interfering with late phage transcription was inconsistent with this principle and led to the discovery of a third protein that binds to one of the interference proteins and modulates its activity, thus preventing complete inhibition of the phage. These systems permit the SaPIs to engage in horizontal transfer of unlinked chromosomal genes as well as their own.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 2","pages":"e1028608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1028608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34079555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serendipity and the times.","authors":"Franklin Frank W Stahl","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1059003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1059003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 3","pages":"e1059003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1059003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the initial steps in the T7 DNA ejection process.","authors":"Verónica A González-García,&nbsp;Rebeca Bocanegra,&nbsp;Mar Pulido-Cid,&nbsp;Jaime Martín-Benito,&nbsp;Ana Cuervo,&nbsp;José L Carrascosa","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1056904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1056904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A specialized complex, the tail, is the most common strategy employed by bacterial viruses to deliver their genome without disrupting cell integrity. T7 has a short, non-contractile tail formed by a tubular structure surrounded by fibers. Recent studies showed that incubation of the virus with <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulted in complete delivery of the viral genome, demonstrating for the first time that LPS are the T7 receptor. Further screening of the bacterial envelope for proteinaceous compounds that affect T7 ejection showed that porins OmpA and OmpF affect viral particle adsorption and infection kinetics, suggesting that these proteins play a role in the first steps of virus-host interaction. Comparison of the structures before and after ejection showed the conformational changes needed in the tail for genome delivery. Structural similarities between T7 and other viruses belonging to the <i>Podoviridae</i> family suggests that they could also follow a similar DNA ejection mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 3","pages":"e1056904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1056904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34080006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giuseppe Bertani (1923-2015).","authors":"B H Lindqvist,&nbsp;E Haggård-Ljungqvist,&nbsp;R Calendar","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1054060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1054060","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Giuseppe Bertani (Joe to friends) died on the 7th of April 2015 at the age of 91 years in Pasadena, California, USA. As a pioneering microbial geneticist he helped to develop this field o...","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 2","pages":"e1054060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1054060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evolution and bacterial resistance: (co)evolutionary costs and trade-offs as opportunities in phage therapy research.","authors":"Pauline D Scanlan,&nbsp;Angus Buckling,&nbsp;Alex R Hall","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1050153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1050153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antagonistic coevolution between bacteria and phages (reciprocal selection for resistance and infectivity) has been demonstrated in a wide range of natural ecosystems, as well as experimental populations of microbes, yet exploiting knowledge of coevolution for the prophylactic and therapeutic use of phages is under-explored. In this addendum to our recent paper we discuss how real-time coevolution studies using experimental populations of bacteria and phages can provide novel insight into the changes in bacterial phenotypes that result from resistance evolution against coevolving phages, and how this may ultimately improve our understanding of phage therapy and ability to design effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 2","pages":"e1050153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1050153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34079558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My life with Mu.","authors":"Ariane Toussaint","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1034336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1034336","url":null,"abstract":"To write this essay I received a series of questions aiming at guiding my writing. Reading them made me realize that the phage I chose to study Mu, and the group of people who shared my enthusiasm for that transposable phage have been the main drive of my scientific path. Fascinating findings readily started and kept accumulating through the years and the dual nature of the organism (a phage and a transposon) led the group to be part not only of the phage but also of e.g., the plasmid and transposon scientific communities. Today, the number of scientists working on the development of transposable phages and its regulation has shrunk so much that a significant part of the knowledge accumulated through over 40 y of research is at high risk of extinction! A historical survey of Mu biology and the Mu community appeared in the book “Phage Mu” (Neville Symonds et al., CSHL press, 1987), a tribute to Ahmad Bukhari, a leading figure in the Mu field, who passed away at the end of 1983, in his middle 40s. His memory inspires more than any other when going back to the most productive years in Mu biology from 1970 to the late 90s. My first encounter with Mu occurred in 1968. It was a time of intense political discussions and reinvention of authority! I was working on my PhD thesis in Ren e Thomas’s lab. Ren e, with whom I spent the largest part of my scientific life at the Universit e Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, taught me scientific rigour and freedom. To some of us, he had suggested to work in pairs, to produce 2 collaborative theses! That’s how, for over 3 years, I had the compelling experience to share ideas, conceive and run experiments, write papers and much more with Nicole Douat. Nicole and I were desperate to isolate polar mutations in phage l. We convinced Ren e to invite Pieter Starlinger (Professor at the University K€ oln) for a seminar. Pieter’s group had isolated strong polar mutations in the E.coli gal operon, using, among other procedures, bacteriophage Mu insertions. Our last hope for getting l polar mutations was this new phage. Pieter brought us a sample of Mu and a few months later we had all the lmutants we needed to show that its late genes form an operon. In the summer of 1970, with Bill Dove, Ren e taught the last phage course at CSHL. I was in the US as a “post-doc” at that time (quoted because I still hadn’t finished writing my thesis!) and by a happy set of circumstances, Ren e asked me to join as a technician to help teaching the course. There, I met Ahmad Bukhari for the first time. He had just been appointed by Jim Watson to work on Mu at CSHL after his post-doc with Larry Taylor, the discoverer of Mu in the early 1960s. Ahmad was soon to be joined by Martha Howe and Ernesto Bade. From then on the Mu community built up and we shared exceptional moments when meeting and discovering the intricacies of the Mu system bit by bit (most bits being completely unexpected). We enthusiastically discussed the most eccentric possibilities a","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 2","pages":"e1034336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1034336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phage therapy of pulmonary infections.","authors":"Stephen T Abedon","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1020260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1020260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is generally agreed that a bacteriophage-associated phenomenon was first unambiguously observed one-hundred years ago with the findings of Twort in 1915. This was independently followed by complementary observations by d'Hérelle in 1917. D'Hérelle's appreciation of the bacteriophage phenomenon appears to have directly led to the development of phages as antibacterial agents within a variety of contexts, including medical and agricultural. Phage use to combat nuisance bacteria appears to be especially useful where targets are sufficiently problematic, suitably bactericidal phages exist, and alternative approaches are lacking in effectiveness, availability, safety, or cost effectiveness, etc. Phage development as antibacterial agents has been strongest particularly when antibiotics have been less available or useful, e.g., such as in the treatment of chronic infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One relatively under-explored or at least not highly reported use of phages as therapeutic agents has been to combat bacterial infections of the lungs and associated tissues. These infections are diverse in terms of their etiologies, manifestations, and also in terms of potential strategies of phage delivery. Here I review the literature considering the phage therapy of pulmonary and pulmonary-related infections, with emphasis on reports of clinical treatment along with experimental treatment of pulmonary infections using animal models.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1020260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1020260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lambda - P22 problem.","authors":"Hans-W Ackermann","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1017084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1017084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lambda and P22 are members of 2 families of tailed phages and have limited genomic relationships. Both form hybrids with many phages. P22 appears as a hybrid of mixed ancestry. Despite their similarities, lambda and P22 and their relatives form 2 distinct lineages and must be classified separately.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1017084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1017084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34066289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How long can bacteriophage λ change its mind?","authors":"Szabolcs Semsey,&nbsp;Christopher Campion,&nbsp;Abdu Mohamed,&nbsp;Sine Lo Svenningsen","doi":"10.1080/21597081.2015.1012930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21597081.2015.1012930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key event in the lifecycle of a temperate bacteriophage is the choice between lysis and lysogeny upon infection of a susceptible host cell. In a recent paper, we showed that a prolonged period exists after the decision to lysogenize, during which bacteriophage λ can abandon the initial decision, and instead develop lytically, as a response to the accumulation of the late lytic regulatory protein Q. Here, we present evidence that expression of Q does not induce replication of λ DNA, suggesting that the DNA to be packaged into the resulting phage progeny was already present at the time of the initial decision to lysogenize. We summarize our findings in a working model of the key determinants of the duration of the post-decision period during which it is possible for the infected cell to switch from the lysogeny decision to successful lytic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8686,"journal":{"name":"Bacteriophage","volume":"5 1","pages":"e1012930"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21597081.2015.1012930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34252282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}