Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Is Formulary of Maranta Arundinacea Clarias Gariepinus (F-MaCg) a Potential Immunostimulant?","authors":"Zulkifli, K. Jamil, Darmawi, S. Usman","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: External factors have the potential to act as immunostimulants in order to influence the body's protection from many foreign antigens. We intended to investigate the ethanol extract Formulary of F-MaCg effect as an immunostimulant. Methods: A purely experimental with a completely randomized design was used on twenty-four white male rats. They were divided into four groups:1) G0 [given aquades (5 ml)]; 2) G1 [given F-MaCg-75 mg/gr BW (Body Weight)]; 3) G2 (F-MaCg -150 mg/gr plus Hepatitis B vaccine at the beginning and the end of treatment); and 4) G3 (F-MaCg -300 mg/gr BW plus hepatitis B vaccine at the end of treatment). The rat's spleen lymphocyte blast transformation was evaluated on the 15th and 37th days. Lymphocytes were examined using microtetrazolium assays. Optical Density (OD) was measured using an ELISA reader [493 nμ (nanomicro)]. Observation of lymphocyte viability by a counting chamber using a light microscope and trypan blue 1% before being cultured with Phytohaemoaglutinin. Results: Lymphocyte cell viability in the hepatitis B vaccine-induced group on the 15th day showed the highest average value in the G2 (1,484/mcl of blood); on the 37th day, it was in G3 (1,578/mcl of blood). The proliferative activity of spleen lymphocytes indicated by the difference in the OD values of the four treatment groups was 0.467, 0.913, 1.619, and 1.473 nμ, respectively. Histological observations of the spleen showed differences at all given formulary dose concentrations. Conclusion: F-MaCg could be an immunostimulant because of its ability to trigger a cellular immune response.","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44154924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human T2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor Expression and COVID-19: From Immunity to Prognosis","authors":"L. D. Bethineedi, Hediyeh Baghsheikhi, Afsaneh Soltani, Z. Mafi, Noosha Samieefar, Shaikh Sanjid Seraj, Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptor (T2Rs or TAS2Rs) found on ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory cells have a role in respiratory tract immunity. T2Rs have shown protection against SARS-CoV-2 by enhancing the innate immune response. The purpose of this review is to outline the current sphere of knowledge regarding this association. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was done by searching (T2R38 OR bitter taste receptor) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) keywords in PubMed and google scholar. Results: T2R38, an isoform of T2Rs encoded by the TAS2R38 gene, may have a potential association between phenotypic expression of T2R38 and prognosis of COVID-19. Current studies suggest that due to different genotypes and widespread distributions of T2Rs within the respiratory tract and their role in innate immunity, treatment protocols for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases may change accordingly. Based on the phenotypic expression of T2R38, it varies in innate immunity and host response to respiratory infection, systemic symptoms and hospitalization. Conclusion: This review reveals that patients' innate immune response to SARS-COV-2 could be influenced by T2R38 receptor allelic variations.","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48023211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Surface Vimentin Detection in Cancer Cells by Peptide-Based Monoclonal Antibody","authors":"Niloufar Sadeghi, Ghazaleh Fazli, A. Bayat, R. Fatemi, Nasim Ebrahimnejhad, A. Salimi, Omid Zarei, H. Rabbani","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v15i2.12016","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vimentin is a prominent Intermediate Filaments (IFs) protein expressed in different mesenchymal origin cell types. Besides a wide range of cellular function roles associated with vimentin expression, its dysregulation and cell surface expression in the induction of malignancy properties have been reported extensively, making it a promising cancer-specific target. Therefore, this study aimed to generate and characterize anti-vimentin monoclonal antibodies. Methods: A 14-mer synthetic peptide from vimentin was conjugated to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and used for immunization of Blab/C mice and monoclonal production by conventional hybridoma technology. The monoclonal antibody was purified using affinity chromatography of supernatants from the selected hybridoma cells. ELISA, Immunoprecipitation-Western blotting (IP-WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), and flow cytometry were employed to characterize the produced monoclonal antibody in terms of interaction with vimentin immunizing peptide as well as vimentin protein. Results: Amid the several obtained producing anti-vimentin antibody hybridomas, the 7C11-D9 clone (IgG1 isotype with kappa light chain) showed higher reactivity with the immunizing peptide, and led to its selection for purification and characterization. The purified antibody could detect vimentin protein in IP-WB, ICC and flow cytometry of the normal and cancerous cells with different origin. No vimentin expression was found in normal healthy Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC). Conclusion: Taken together, 7C11-D9 anti-vimentin monoclonal antibody might be used as immune diagnostic or immune therapeutic tool where detection or targeting of vimentin in a wide range of organisms is required.","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47635678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunistic Challenges of Computer-aided Drug Discovery of Lipopeptides: New Insights for Large Molecule Therapeutics.","authors":"Manisha Yadav,&nbsp;J Satya Eswari","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11419","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Computer-aided drug designing is a promising approach to defeating the dry pipeline of drug discovery. It aims at reduced experimental efforts with cost-effectiveness. Naturally occurring large molecules with molecular weight higher than 500 <i>Dalton</i> such as cationic peptides, cyclic peptides, glycopeptides and lipopeptides are a few examples of large molecules which have successful applications as the broad spectrum antibacterial, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and antithrombotic drugs. Utilization of microbial metabolites as potential drug candidates incur cost effectiveness through large scale production of such molecules rather than a synthetic approach. Computational studies on such compounds generate tremendous possibilities to develop novel leads with challenges to handle these complex molecules with available computational tools. The opportunities begin with the desired structural modifications in the parent drug molecule. Virtual modifications followed by molecular interaction studies at the target site through molecular modeling simulations and identification of structure-activity relationship models to develop more prominent and potential drug molecules. Lead optimization studies to develop novel compounds with increased specificity and reduced off targeting is a big challenge computationally for large molecules. Prediction of optimized pharmacokinetic properties facilitates development of a compound with lower toxicity as compared to the natural compounds. Generating the library of compounds and studies for target specificity and ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity) for large molecules are laborious and incur huge cost and chemical wastage through <i>in-vitro</i> methods. Hence, computational methods need to be explored to develop novel compounds from natural large molecules with higher specificity. This review article is focusing on possible challenges and opportunities in the pathway of computer-aided drug discovery of large molecule therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/42/AJMB-15-3.PMC9895984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Degenerate PCR Conditions for Reducing Error Rates in Detection of PKS and NRPS Gene groups in Actinomycetes.","authors":"Sara Ghashghaei,&nbsp;Zahra Etemadifar,&nbsp;Manoochehr Tavassoli,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mofid","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11422","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The screen of Polyketide Synthase (<i>PKS</i>) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (<i>NRPS</i>) gene groups is a quick way to discover new therapeutic agents. However, errors in laboratory techniques cause a loss of touch with reality. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of <i>PKS</i> and <i>NRPS</i> gene groups in previously isolated strains by optimizing their specialized amplification by degenerate primers and indicating the evolutionary relationships with reference strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>PKS-I</i>, <i>II</i>, and <i>NRPS</i> genes PCR amplification was performed using three degenerate primer sets for 22 actinomycete strains with antibacterial activity. Annealing temperature and the amount of template DNA and primers were optimized. PCR products of <i>PKS-I, II</i>, and <i>NRPS</i> from three strains were sequenced after TA cloning. Besides, strains with high antibacterial activity were identified by biochemical features and partial 16S rDNA sequencing and hypothetically classified by a phylogenetic tree.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High frequencies of <i>PKS-I</i> (86.4%), <i>PKS-II</i> (81.8%), and <i>NRPS</i> (95.4%) genes were found among the strains after optimization. Fourteen strains (64%) contained all of the genes, and 100% of strains had at least two genes. These numbers are pretty distinct in comparison with the previous researches. All of the sequenced strains were members of <i>Streptomyces</i> genus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research showed that degenerate PCR strongly depends on the variation of annealing temperature and primer concentration, resulting in an unexpected shift in PCR outputs. The sequencing results confirmed the optimized conditions for specialized PCR of <i>PKS-I</i>, <i>PKS-II</i>, and <i>NRPS</i> gene groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/42/AJMB-15-28.PMC9895980.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Critical Molecular Factors and Side Effects Underlying the Response to Thalicthuberine in Prostate Cancer: A Systems Biology Approach.","authors":"Fatemeh Saberi,&nbsp;Zeinab Dehghan,&nbsp;Effat Noori,&nbsp;Zahra Taheri,&nbsp;Marzieh Sameni,&nbsp;Hakimeh Zali","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11425","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncontrolled mitosis of cancer cells and resistance cells to chemotherapy drugs are the challenges of prostate cancer. Thalicthuberine causes a mitotic arrest and a reduction of the effects of drug resistance, resulting in cell death. In this study, we applied bioinformatics and computational biology methods to identify functional pathways and side effects in response to Thalicthuberine in prostate cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Microarray data were retrieved from <i>Gene Expression Omnibus</i> (GEO), and protein-protein interactions and gene regulatory networks were constructed, using the Cytoscape software. The critical genes and molecular mechanisms in response to Thalicthuberine and its side effects were identified, using the Cytoscape software and WebGestalt server, respectively. Finally, GEPIA2 was used to predict the relationship between critical genes and prostate cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>POLQ, EGR1, CDKN1A, FOS, MDM2, CDC20, CCNB1,</i> and <i>CCNB2</i> were identified as critical genes in response to this drug. The functional mechanisms of Thalicthuberine include a response to oxygen levels, toxic substances and immobilization stress, cell cycle regulation, regeneration, the p53 signaling pathway, the action of the parathyroid hormone, and the FoxO signaling pathway. Besides, the drug has side effects including muscle cramping, abdominal pains, paresthesia, and metabolic diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our model suggested newly predicted crucial genes, molecular mechanisms, and possible side effects of this drug. However, further studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/36/AJMB-15-53.PMC9895985.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Wound Healing Potency of a Novel <i>Mattan tailam</i> Nanogel Based on a Famous Traditional Siddha Formula.","authors":"Meenachisundaram Sakthiganapathi,&nbsp;Gnanakumar Prakash Yoganandam,&nbsp;Venkatachalam Gopal","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11423","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The <i>Mattan tailam</i> mixture has been extensively used to heal ulcerous wounds in traditional Siddha practice. The present study aimed to synthesize a <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel and evaluate the enhancement of wound healing potential in an experimental wound model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel was synthesized using the high-energy milling approach, and characterization of nanogel and potency of wound healing was investigated. The novelty of this study was the nanogel preparation of <i>Mattan tailam.</i></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, a synthesized novel nanogel of <i>Mattan tailam</i> has a distinct, prominent peak with a spherical form, is negatively charged and has an average particle size of 20-30 <i>nm</i>. <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel treated rats showed a remarkable reduction (p<0.001) in the wound area. On the 16^th day, 10% <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel treatment resulted in a higher percentage of wound contraction. The 10% <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel group exhibited a faster epithelialization time (14.33 days) and a greater hydroxyproline concentration than the others. The topical application of 10% <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel increased tensile strength, signifying a better therapeutic indication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present findings prove that polyherbal <i>Mattan tailam</i> nanogel formulation significantly improves collagen production, wound contraction, and tensile strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/e8/AJMB-15-38.PMC9895983.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10726546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox Outbreaks in Non-Endemic Countries: Correspondence.","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11426","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11426","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/67/a4/AJMB-15-65.PMC9895986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anti-TAZ Monoclonal Antibody Recognizing Cell Surface Expressed TAZ Protein in Human Tumor Cells.","authors":"Mozhan Haji Ghaffari,&nbsp;Mahsa Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Miganoosh Simonian,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hashemi,&nbsp;Niloufar Sadeghi,&nbsp;Babak Negahdari,&nbsp;Mohammadali Mazloomi,&nbsp;Hodjattallah Rabbani","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11420","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>WWTR1 or TAZ is a transcriptional co-activator protein expressed in cytoplasm which functions as the main downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. This pathway is an evolutionally conserved signal cascade, which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumorigenesis. Ectopic expression of TAZ has already been observed in many malignancies, while the ectopic localization of TAZ is reported for the first time. The aim of this study was to produce a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) against a synthetic peptide derived from WWTR1 protein to be used as a research tool in human carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 21-mer synthetic peptide (derived from human TAZ protein) was used for immunization of BALB/c mice after conjugation with Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH) using hybridoma technology. The generated mAb reacted with the immunizing peptide employing ELISA assay. The reactivity of the antibody with native TAZ protein was assessed through Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry using different cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The produced mAb could recognize the immunizing peptide in ELISA and K_aff was 0.6×10^-9 <i>M</i>. The produced anti-TAZ mAb unlike available commercial anti-TAZ antibody, was capable of specifically recognizing cell surface TAZ in human carcinoma cell lines including MCF-7, Raji, and A431 in Western blot, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry assays. As expected, no reactivity was observed using normal Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) from healthy donors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results, TAZ is ectopically expressed on the surface of tumor cell lines which is not the case in normal cells. The generated mAb has a potential to be used as a research tool in studying the expression of TAZ in human carcinomas in different applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/a7/AJMB-15-14.PMC9895982.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteome Analysis of Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Two-dimensional Blue Native/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Gel Electrophoresis.","authors":"Servin Bagheralmoosavi,&nbsp;Parastou Gholami,&nbsp;Mahdi Amini,&nbsp;Mahdi Alizadeh,&nbsp;Marjan Yaghmaei,&nbsp;Sahar Tavakkoli,&nbsp;Sina Salari,&nbsp;Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani,&nbsp;Alireza Ghasempour,&nbsp;Kambiz Gilany,&nbsp;Mahdi Shabani","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11421","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v15i1.11421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the significant progress in the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children, it still remains as one of the most challenging malignancies in adults. Identification of new biomarkers may improve the management of adult ALL. Proteins expressed on the cell surface can be considered as disease-associated biomarkers with potential for diagnosis and targeted therapies. Thus, membrane proteome studies give essential information about the disease-related biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied 2-dimensional blue-native SDS-PAGE technique followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF-mass spectrometry to study the cell membrane proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult B-ALL patients in comparison to that of the healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty seven differentially expressed protein spots were detected, among them 52 proteins were found to be up-regulated but the other 15 proteins were down-regulated in B-ALL. Five differentially expressed proteins, involved in energy metabolism pathways, were detected in B-ALL patients compared to the healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differentially expressed proteins provide an insight into the molecular biology of B-ALL. Further studies must be done to confirm our data to be considered as potential targets for detection and treatment of B-ALL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/f8/AJMB-15-21.PMC9895978.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10735026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}