Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Generation of Optimized Consensus Sequences for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Envelope 2 Glycoprotein (E2) by a Modified Algorithm: Implication for a Pan-genomic HCV Vaccine.","authors":"Reyhaneh Mohabati, Reza Rezaei, Nasir Mohajel, Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar, Katayoun Samimi-Rad, Kayhan Azadmanesh, Farzin Roohvand","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16743","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the success of \"direct-acting antivirals\" in treating Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, invention of a preventive HCV vaccine is crucial for global elimination of the virus. Recent data indicated the importance of the induction of Pangenomic neutralizing Antibodies (PnAbs) against heterogenic HCV Envelope 2(E2), the cellular receptor binding antigen, by any HCV vaccine candidate. To overcome HCVE2 heterogeneity, \"generation of consensus HCVE2 sequences\" is proposed. However, Consensus Sequence (CS) generating algorithms such as \"Threshold\" and \"Majority\" have certain limitations including \"Threshold-rigidity\" which leads to induction of undefined residues and insensitivity of the \"Majority\" towards the \"evolutionary cost of residual substitutions\".</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, first a modification to the \"Majority\" algorithm was introduced by incorporating BLOSUM matrices. Secondly, the HCVE2 sequences generated by the \"Fitness\" algorithm (using 1698 sequences from genotypes 1, 2, and 3) was compared with those generated by the \"Majority\" and \"Threshold\" algorithms using several <i>in silico</i> tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that only \"Fitness\" provided completely defined, gapless HCVE2s for all genotypes/subtypes, while considered the evolutionary cost of amino acid replacements (main \"Majority/Threshold\" limitations) by substitution of several residues within the generated consensuses. Moreover, \"Fitness-generated HCVE2 CSs\" were superior for antigenic/immunogenic characteristics as an antigen, while their positions within the phylogenetic trees were still preserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>\"Fitness\" algorithm is capable of generating superior/optimum HCVE2 CSs for inclusion in a pan-genomic HCV vaccine and can be similarly used in CS generation for other highly variable antigens from other heterogenic pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 4","pages":"268-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview on Immunopathology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Tumor-Associated Antigens with Therapeutic Applications.","authors":"Mahdi Shabani, Davoud Rostamzadeh, Mansoure Mansouri, Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16737","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous disease with a variable clinical course. The induction of a generalized state of immuno-suppression, leading to susceptibility to infections and the failure of anti-tumor immune responses, is a key feature of the clinical course of CLL. In addition to B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in CLL, several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have been reported to be constitutively active in leukemic B cells, resulting in promoted survival and resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. Several treatment options are available for CLL, including a watch-and-wait strategy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies such as adoptive cellular therapy (CAR T-Cell Therapy), stem cell transplantation (allogeneic transplantation), radiation therapy and surgery. The identification of Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) is the bottleneck of tumor immunology and immunotherapy, serving as promising targets for precise diagnosis, monitoring, or therapeutic approaches. Numerous TAAs have been identified, and their application in immunotherapy holds promise for the treatment of CLL. Furthermore, extensive ongoing research aims to identify new cancer TAAs. In this review, our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of CLL immunology and recent findings regarding advances in TAAs with therapeutic applications in CLL.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 4","pages":"201-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need to Continue the Education of Medical Doctors in Medical Basic Science: Existing Obstacles.","authors":"Shahin Akhondzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16736","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 4","pages":"200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Production of Soluble Recombinant TEV Protease in Two <i>E. coli</i> Strains.","authors":"Matineh Shahriari, Fatemeh Shafiee, Fatemeh Moazen, Hamid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16744","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i4.16744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The low solubility of Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV) protease, a functional enzyme that cleaves protein tags without significant modification in its sequence, is one of the most important limitations of this enzyme. In this study, the aim was to increase the solubility of TEV by changing the expression conditions and designing lysis buffer with various solubilizing agents to improve its solubility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>) BL21 (DE3) and <i>E. coli</i> origami harboring wild type TEV-pKR793 and mutant N23F TEV-pKR793 plasmids were used for the expression. Response surface methodology was used to determine the best culture conditions (IPTG concentration, incubation time and incubation temperature) of soluble expression. Furthermore, eight different solubilizing agents were added separately to the lysis buffer to check their effect on the protein solubility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The production of soluble N23F in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) was two-folds more than the wild type and the inclusion body formation in the mentioned form was diminished as about 25% in comparison to the wild type. Finally, betaine had the most effects for enhancing the soluble expression of N23F in both host cells. For the wild type, sodium selenite, xylitol, and glycine showed the most effects on soluble production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The solubility of the mutant form of TEV protease increased in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) compared to its wild form. Also, using additives such as betaine to the lysis buffer, increased the solubility of N23F in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 (DE3) and origami strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 4","pages":"279-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Effect of Magnetron Copper Deposition on the Surface Topography of Biodegradable Antibacterial Coating.","authors":"Maratuly Bauyrzhan, Bagdat Nurlanovich Azamatov, Alexey Vladimirovich Jes","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15743","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The surface properties of the materials used significantly influence the success and longevity of medical implants. Increasing surface roughness promotes osteoblast activity and osseointegration, while biodegradable materials such as copper have shown potential for antimicrobial applications. However, the effect of coating parameters on surface topography is not well investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sputtering of copper was performed using EPOS-PVD-440 system (Zeleno-grad, Russia). The samples were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with subsequent image processing in Mountains software (Digital Surf). Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus by measuring the zone of inhibition. Additionally, copper ion release was monitored over time to assess its correlation with changes in surface topography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher sputtering currents increased surface roughness and particle size, with a significant release of copper ions within the first 24 <i>hr</i> of immersion. Samples sputtered at higher currents exhibited coarser grain structures. The release of copper ions in the simulated biological environment led to further changes in surface topography, highlighting the critical influence of sputtering parameters on coating properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Optimizing magnetron copper deposition parameters enhances the surface topography and antibacterial effectiveness of biodegradable coatings on implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 3","pages":"174-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Molecular Underpinnings of Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing: The Role of Renin Angiotensin.","authors":"Seyedeh Hoda Qoreishi, Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari, Mihnea-Alexandru Găman, Armaghan Kazeminejad","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15740","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study is to review the role of renin-angiotensin in skin regeneration and wound healing with a focus on molecular mechanisms. Angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) are abundant in the wounded area, and thus, lead to the activation of ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 which can lead to epidermal self-renewal. The expression of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) components was significantly lower in wounds caused by burning, rather than intact skin, noting that RAS is involved in the re-epithelialization of skin. ERK, STAT and STAT3 are the targets of Ang II, indicating that RAS active components are involved in fibroblast, stem cells and keratinocyte migration. The effect of inhibiting the RAS on wound healing is context-dependent. On one hand, it is suggested that inhibiting RAS during this phase may slow down wound healing speed. On the other hand, studies have shown that RAS inhibition in this phase can lead to α-SMA activation, ultimately accelerating the wound healing process. Most of the investigations indicate that the inhibition of RAS with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays a significant role in tissue remodeling in the last phase of wound healing. It has been shown that the inhibition of RAS can inhibit scar formation and fibrosis through the downregulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic agents, such as TGF-β, SMAD2/3, and TAK1, PDGF-BB, and HSP47. To sum up, that local administration of RAS regulators might lead to less scar formation and inflammation in the last phase of wound closure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 3","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of <i>In vitro</i> Maturation (IVM) of Oocytes: Indications, Applications, and Treatment Protocols.","authors":"Hossein Torkashvand, Ronak Shabani, Iraj Amiri, Roya Darakhshan, Behnam Maleki, Mohammad Reza Doostabadi, Mehdi Mehdizadeh","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15741","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review addresses the current understanding of <i>In Vitro</i> Maturation (IVM) treatment, including indications and effective treatment protocols influencing oocyte developmental competence. A comprehensive literature search was performed to gather relevant studies, clinical trials, and reviews related to IVM. Databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and pertinent medical journals were searched. The selected literature was analyzed and synthesized to offer a comprehensive overview. IVM has emerged as a promising technique for inducing maturation in immature oocytes across various developmental stages. Its applications extend to areas utilizing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), gaining traction as a treatment option for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and fertility preservation in cancer patients. Recent advancements have led to improved global pregnancy rates, resulting in successful births. IVM also holds potential in reducing risks associated with conventional IVF, including ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple pregnancies. Despite these advantages, IVM adoption in clinical practice remains limited. Ongoing research aims to refine therapeutic protocols and expand clinical indications. IVM holds promise in assisted reproductive technology, spanning applications from cancer patient fertility preservation to addressing PCOS. Enhanced pregnancy rates highlight efficacy, while risk reduction compared to IVF underscores its importance. Further research is needed for optimal use across patient groups, emphasizing protocol refinement and expanded applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Phyllospheric Bacteria Possessing Antimicrobial Activity from <i>Funtumia elastica</i> (Preuss) Stapf.","authors":"Bolanle A Adeniyi, Mercy Ogunlana, Christopher O Igbokwe, Bamidele Tajudeen, Gail B Mahady","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15744","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unlike plant phytochemicals, little has been done to explore the metabolites from phyllosphere bacterial flora, some of which enabled them to survive interspecific competition through amensalism. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of metabolites from Phyllospheric Bacteria (PB) isolated from <i>Funtumia elastica</i> (FE), against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to identify the isolated phyllo-microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PB were aseptically isolated by sonication. Their metabolites were obtained from the fresh overnight culture of the organisms. The cell-free supernatants containing the metabolites were used for antimicrobial assays against the pathogens. The DNA of the bacterial isolates were isolated using a NIMR-BIOTECH DNA extraction kit, while their 16S rRNA was amplified with the primer: 799F 5'-AACACGGATTA GATACC-3', 1193R 5'- ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCC-3', using SolisFast* Master Mix, (Solis Biodyne-Estonia). The BLAST of the sequence was done from the NCBI Gen-bank. The PB strains identified were submitted to NCBI and accession numbers were assigned to them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phyllosphere of FE yielded 21 bacterial isolates: 7 Gram-positives and 14 Gram-negatives. The metabolites from these isolates showed varying degrees of bioactivity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (ATCC29213), <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ATCC 25922) <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (ATCC 35659); <i>Trychophyton rubrum</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Microsporum canis.</i> Fifteen bioactive isolates sequenced yielded four genera, Enterobacter (<i>E. hormaechei</i> 98.44%), Bacillus (<i>B. cereus</i> 100%), Pontoea (<i>P. dispersa</i> 99.72%), Staphylococcus (<i>S. arlettae</i> 99.72%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bacteria from FE phyllosphere, produced metabolites antagonistic (<i>cidal</i>) to some human pathogens. This has great potential for possible drug discovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 3","pages":"180-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bactericidal Activity of Serum by <i>Brucella Abortus</i> RB51 Outer Membrane Protein's Combined by <i>Brucella Abortus</i> S99 Lipopolysaccharide Induction.","authors":"Behnam Hajizadeh Sisakht, Mansoor Khaledi, Hamed Afkhami, Saber Rouhi, Saeed Sepehrnia, Vahideh Fanaee, Hannaneh Karimi, Yalda Malekzadegan, Javad Fathi, Mahdi S Sadati","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15745","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Brucellosis vaccines are designed to induce cellular immunity. An effective brucellosis vaccine could induce both cellular and humoral immunity. Serum Bactericidal Assay (SBA) is an important method for determining vaccine humoral immunity. This study is the first to observe humoral immunity in brucellosis by SBA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Extracted <i>Brucella abortus</i> (<i>B. abortus</i>) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Outer Membrane Proteins (OMPs) were injected into rabbits. Group 1 was injected with 25 <i>μg</i> of LPS, Group 2 was injected with 50 <i>μg</i> of OMPs, and Group 3 was injected with 1 <i>ml</i> of combined vaccine, 3 times every 2 weeks. The groups were challenged with <i>B. abortus</i> 544 in the second injection. Sera were separated 2 weeks after the last injection. SBA was performed, and each well was streak-cultured into a plate of Brucella agar. A colony count was done for each plate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results have shown, the third injection of the combined vaccine had the highest titer of <math><mfrac><mn>1</mn> <mrow><mn>64</mn></mrow> </mfrac> </math> , and the efficacy of the vaccine was 87.71%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a conclusion, the results of this study showed that LPS and OMP's from <i>B. abortus</i> can provide acceptable immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"16 3","pages":"187-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Need for Serious Support for Basic Medical Science in Iran","authors":"Shahin Akhondzadeh","doi":"10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v16i3.15738","url":null,"abstract":"The Article Abstract is not available.","PeriodicalId":8669,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna journal of medical biotechnology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}